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1 sortir

sortir [sɔʀtiʀ]

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1. intransitive verb

2. transitive verb

3. reflexive verb

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➭ TABLE 16

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► sortir is conjugated with être, unless it has an object, when the auxiliary is avoir.

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1. <

   a. to go or come out

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► sortir dans le sens de partir se traduit par to go out ou par to come out, suivant que le locuteur se trouve ou non à l'endroit en question.

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• sortir acheter du pain to go out to buy some bread

• on est en train de faire un bonhomme de neige, tu devrais sortir ! we're making a snowman, come out!

• mon père est sorti, puis-je prendre un message ? my father is out, can I take a message?

• sortir de chez qn to go or come out of sb's house

• le train sort du tunnel the train is coming out of the tunnel

• sors (d'ici) ! get out (of here)!

• sortir en courant to run out

• sortir en mer to put out to sea

• sortir de prison to come out of prison

• je sors à 6 heures (du bureau, du lycée) I finish at 6

• sortir de l'eau to come out of the water

• sortir du lit to get out of bed

• sortir de son lit [fleuve] to overflow its banks

• sortir de la récession to get out of the recession

• ça m'est sorti de l'esprit it slipped my mind

• ça m'est sorti de la tête it went right out of my head

• laisser sortir qn (de) to let sb out (of)

• ne laissez sortir personne don't let anybody out

• une épaisse fumée sortait par les fenêtres thick smoke was pouring out of the windows

• ça me sort par les oreilles (inf) I've had more than I can take

► d'où sort ?

• d'où sort cette revue ? where has this magazine come from?

• mais d'où sort-il ? (inf) ( = il est tout sale) where has he been! ; ( = il est mal élevé) where was he brought up? ; ( = il est bête) where did they find him?

   b. ( = quitter) sortir de to leave

• sortir d'un pays to leave a country

• tout ce qui sort du pays doit être déclaré everything leaving the country must be declared

• les voiliers sortaient du port the sailing boats were leaving the harbour

• faites sortir ces gens make these people leave

• sortir de table to leave the table

• Madame, est-ce que je peux sortir ? (en classe) Miss, can I be excused please?

• la voiture est sortie de la route the car left or came off the road

• c'est confidentiel, ça ne doit pas sortir d'ici it's confidential, it must not leave this room

• on n'est pas sortis de l'auberge (inf) we're not out of the woods yet (inf)

   c. (Computing) sortir de [+ fichier, application] to exit

   d. (Theatre) « la servante sort » "exit the maid"

• « les 3 gardes sortent » "exeunt the 3 guards"

   e. (pour se distraire) to go out

• sortir dîner to go out for dinner

• ils sortent beaucoup they go out a lot

• ils ne sortent pas beaucoup they don't go out much

   f. (relation amoureuse) sortir avec qn ( = fréquenter) to go out with sb

• ils sortent ensemble depuis 3 ans they have been going out for 3 years

   g. (marquant le passé immédiat) on sortait de l'hiver it was getting near the end of winter

• il sort d'ici he's just left

• il sort du lit he's just got out of bed

• il sort d'une bronchite he's just had a chest infection

• je sors de lui parler (inf) I've just been talking to him

   h. ( = dépasser) to stick out ; [dent] to come through ; [bouton] to appear

• sortir de terre [plante] to come up

   i. ( = être fabriqué, publié) to come out ; [disque, film] to be released

• le film sort sur les écrans le 2 mai the film is on general release from 2 May

   j. (par hasard) [numéro, couleur, sujet d'examen] to come up

   k. ( = s'écarter) sortir du sujet to get off the subject

• sortir de la légalité to go outside the law

• sortir des limites de to go beyond the bounds of

• sortir (du jeu) [balle, ballon] to go out (of play)

• sortir en touche [ballon] to go into touch

• la balle est sortie (Tennis) the ball is out

   l. ( = être issu) il sort de l'université de Perpignan he went to the University of Perpignan

• pas besoin de sortir de Polytechnique pour comprendre ça (inf) you don't need a PhD to understand that

   m. ( = résulter) sortir de to come of

• il n'est rien sorti de nos recherches nothing came of our research

• que va-t-il sortir de tout cela ? what will come of all this?

   n. ( = être dit) [propos, remarque] c'est sorti tout seul it just came out (inf)

• il fallait que ça sorte I (or he etc) just had to say it

2. <

   a. to take out ; [+ train d'atterrissage] to lower ; ( = expulser) to throw out

• sortez-le ! get him out of here!

• sortir des vêtements d'une armoire/la voiture du garage to take clothes out of a wardrobe/the car out of the garage

• sortons les fauteuils dans le jardin let's take the armchairs out into the garden

• ils ont réussi à sortir le car du ravin they managed to get the coach out of the ravine

• il a sorti un mouchoir de sa poche he took a handkerchief out of his pocket

• sortir les mains de ses poches to take one's hands out of one's pockets

• sortir des marchandises en fraude to smuggle goods out

• il faut le sortir de là (d'un lieu) we must get him out of there ; (d'une situation difficile) we must get him out of it

   b. ( = mettre en vente) [+ produit] to bring out

   c. ( = dire) (inf) to come out with (inf)

• il vous sort de ces réflexions ! the things he comes out with! (inf)

• elle en a sorti une bien bonne she came out with a good one (inf)

• qu'est-ce qu'il va encore nous sortir ? what will he come out with next? (inf)

   d. ( = éliminer) [+ concurrent, adversaire] (inf) to knock out

• il s'est fait sortir dès le premier match he was knocked out in the first match

3. <

► se sortir

• se sortir d'une situation difficile to manage to get out of a difficult situation► s'en sortir

• il s'en est sorti sans une égratignure he came out of it without a scratch

• tu crois qu'il va s'en sortir ? (il est malade) do you think he'll pull through? ; (il est surchargé de travail) do you think he'll ever see the end of it? ; (il est en situation difficile) do you think he'll come through all right?

• avec son salaire, il ne peut pas s'en sortir he can't get by on what he earns

• va l'aider, il ne s'en sort pas go and help him, he can't cope

• bravo, tu t'en es très bien sorti ! you've done really well!

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I
1. sɔʀtiʀ
verbe transitif

1) ( promener) to take [somebody/something] out [personne, chien, cheval]

j'y vais moi-même, ça me sortira — I'll go myself, it'll give me a chance to get out

2) (colloq) ( inviter) to take [somebody] out [personne]

3) (colloq) ( expulser) to throw [somebody] out, to chuck (colloq) [somebody] out [personne] (de of); to send [somebody] out [élève]

se faire sortir en quart de finale — to be knocked out in the quarterfinal

4) ( mettre à l'extérieur) to get [somebody/something] out (de of)

sortir quelqu'un du lit — to get somebody out of bed

sortir sa voiture en marche arrière — to reverse one's car out

sortir les mains de ses poches — to take one's hands out of one's pockets

sortir un revolver — to pull out a revolver

sortir la poubelle — to put the bin out

sortir sa langue — to stick one's tongue out

sortir une carte — to bring out a card

5) ( délivrer)

sortir quelqu'un de — to get somebody out of

sortir une entreprise de ses difficultés — to get a company out of difficulties

sortir quelqu'un de sa léthargie — to shake somebody out of his/her lethargy

6) ( commercialiser) to bring out [livre, disque, modèle]; to release [film]; to show [collection]

7) ( produire) to turn out [livre, disque, film, produit]

8) ( imprimer) to bring [something] out [exemplaire, numéro, journal]

9) (colloq) ( dire) to come out with (colloq) [remarques]

sortir une blague — to crack a joke

2.

verbe intransitif (+ v être)

1) ( aller dehors) [personne, animal] to go out; ( venir dehors) [personne, animal] to come out (de of)

sortir par la fenêtre — to go out through the window

sortir dans la rue/sur le balcon — to go out into the street/on the balcony

sortir faire un tour — ( à pied) to go out for a walk

sortir faire des courses — to go out shopping

sortir déjeuner — to go out for lunch

être sorti — to be out

sortir discrètement — to slip out (de of)

sortir en courant — to run out

sortir en trombe de sa chambre — to burst out of one's room

faire sortir quelqu'un — to get somebody outside

laisser sortir quelqu'un — to allow somebody out

empêcher de sortir — to keep [somebody/something] in

sortir dans l'espace — to space-walk

2) ( passer du temps dehors) to go out

sortir au restaurant — to go out to a restaurant

sortir avec quelqu'un — to go out with somebody

inviter quelqu'un à sortir — to ask somebody out

3) ( quitter un lieu)

sortir de — to leave

sortir de chez quelqu'un — to leave somebody's house

sortir d'une réunion — to leave a meeting

sortir du port — [navire] to leave port

sortir du pays — [personne, marchandise] to leave the country

sortir de chez soi — to go out

sortir de la pièce — to walk out of the room

sortez d'ici/de là! — get out of here/of there!

sortir de la route — [véhicule] to leave the road

sortir de la famille — [bijou, tableau] to go out of the family

sortir tout chaud du four — to be hot from the oven

4) ( venir d'un lieu)

sortir de — to come out of

sortir de chez le médecin — to come out of the doctor's

5) (quitter un état, une situation)

sortir d'un profond sommeil — to wake up from a deep sleep

sortir de son mutisme or silence — to break one's silence

sortir de l'adolescence — to leave adolescence behind

sortir de la récession — to pull out of the recession

6) ( venir de quitter un état)

sortir à peine de l'enfance — to be just emerging from childhood

sortir de maladie — to be recovering from an illness

sortir d'une guerre — to emerge from a war

7) ( émerger) to come out

elle est sortie de sa dépression très affaiblie — after her depression she was a mere shadow of her former self

8) ( s'échapper) [eau, air, étincelle, fumée] to come out (de of; par through)

faire sortir — to squeeze [something] out [pâte, colle, eau, jus] (de of); to eject [cassette] (de from)

sortir en masse — [personnes] to pour out

9) ( pousser) [bourgeon, insecte] to come out; [dent] to come through

sortir de terre — [plante] to come through; [bâtiment] to rise from the ground

10) ( dépasser) to stick out

il y a un clou qui sort — there's a nail sticking out

11) ( être commercialisé) [film, disque, livre, nouveau modèle] to come out

sortir tous les jours — [journal] to be published daily

12) ( provenir) [personne, produit] to come from

sortir de Berkeley — Université to have graduated from Berkeley

d'où sors-tu à cette heure? — (colloq) where have you been?

d'où il sort celui-là? — (colloq) where's he been living? (colloq)

13) ( être en dehors)

sortir du sujet — [personne] to wander off the subject; [remarque] to be beside the point

14) ( être tiré) [numéro, sujet] to come up

15) Informatique to exit

3.

se sortir verbe pronominal

1) ( échapper)

se sortir d'une situation difficile — to get out of a predicament

s'en sortir — ( situation difficile) to get out of it; ( maladie) to get over it

s'en sortir vivant — to escape with one's life

2) ( se débrouiller)

s'en sortir — gén to pull through; ( financièrement) to cope; (intellectuellement, manuellement, physiquement) to manage

tu t'en sors? — can you manage?

s'en sortir à peine — ( financièrement) to scrape a living

II sɔʀtiʀ
nom masculin

au sortir de — at the end of

* * *
sɔʀtiʀ
1. vi

1) (= partir) to go out

Il est sorti sans rien dire. — He went out without saying a word.

Il est sorti acheter le journal. — He's gone out to buy the newspaper.

2) (= aller au spectacle) to go out

J'aime sortir. — I like going out.

sortir avec qn (relation amoureuse) — to be going out with sb, to be seeing sb

Tu sors avec lui? — Are you going out with him?, Are you seeing him?

3) [produit] to come out

Ce modèle vient juste de sortir. — This model has just come out.

4) [plante, numéro] to come up

5)

sortir de (= quitter) — to leave, (en allant) to go out of, (en venant) to come out of, (= jaillir) to come out of, [maladie, mauvaise passe] to get over, [cadre, compétence] to be outside

Elle sort de l'hôpital demain. — She's coming out of hospital tomorrow.

Je l'ai rencontré en sortant de la pharmacie. — I met him coming out of the chemist's.

sortir de table — to leave the table

sortir du système INFORMATIQUE — to log out

sortir de ses gonds — to fly off the handle

2. vt

1) (= déplacer) to take out

sortir qch de qch — to take sth out of sth

Elle a sorti son porte-monnaie de son sac. — She took her purse out of her bag.

Je vais sortir la voiture du garage. — I'll get the car out of the garage.

sortir qn d'embarras — to get sb out of trouble

2) * (= expulser) to throw out

3) COMMERCE, [produit] to bring out

4) * (= dire) to come out with

5) INFORMATIQUE, [résultats] to output, (sur papier) to print out

3. nm

au sortir de l'hiver — as winter nears its end

au sortir de l'enfance — at the end of childhood

* * *

sortir verb table: partir

A nm au sortir de at the end of; au sortir de l'adolescence/mes études at the end of adolescence/my studies.

B vtr

1 ( promener) to take [sb/sth] out [personne, chien, cheval]; sortir un malade/son caniche to take a patient/one's poodle out; j'y vais moi-même, ça me sortira I'll go myself, it'll give me a chance to get outside;

2 ○( inviter) to take [sb] out [personne]; sortir sa petite amie to take one's girlfriend out;

3 ○( expulser) to throw [sb] out, to chuck○ [sb] out [personne] (de of); to send [sb] out [élève]; se faire sortir en quart de finale to be knocked out in the quarterfinal;

4 ( mettre à l'extérieur) to get [sb/sth] out [personne, papiers, parapluie, meubles de jardin, voiture, vêtements] (de of); sortir l'argenterie to get out the silverware; sortir qn du lit to get sb out of bed; sortir une bille de sa poche to take a marble out of one's pocket; sortir sa voiture en marche arrière to reverse one's car out; sortir les mains de ses poches to take one's hands out of one's pockets; sortir un couteau/revolver to pull out a knife/revolver; sortir le drapeau to hang out the flag; sortir les draps pour les aérer to put out the sheets to air; sortir du pus to squeeze out pus; sortir un point noir to squeeze a blackhead; sortir la poubelle/les ordures to put the bin/the rubbish GB ou garbage US out; sortir sa tête/langue to poke one's head/tongue out; sortir une carte to bring out a card;

5 ( délivrer) sortir qn de to get sb out of; sortir un ami de prison to get a friend out of jail; sortir un ami de sa dépression to pull a friend out of his depression; sortir une entreprise de ses difficultés to get a company out of difficulties; sortir qn de sa léthargie to shake sb out of his/her lethargy;

6 ( commercialiser) to bring out [livre, disque, modèle, nouveau produit, nouveau journal]; to release [film]; to present [collection];

7 ( produire) to turn out [livre, disque, film, produit]; sortir mille téléviseurs par jour to turn out one thousand televisions a day;

8 Imprim to bring [sth] out [exemplaire, numéro, journal];

9 Ordinat [ordinateur] to output [données, résultats];

10 ( exporter) ( légalement) to export [marchandises] (de from); ( illégalement) to smuggle [sth] out [marchandises] (de of);

11 ○( dire) to come out with○ [paroles]; sortir des énormités/insultes/âneries to come out with rubbish/insults/nonsense; il (nous) sort toujours des excuses he's always coming out ou up with excuses; sortir une blague to crack a joke.

C vi (+ v être)

1 ( aller dehors) [personne, animal] to go out; ( venir dehors) [personne, animal] to come out (de of); sortir par la fenêtre/la porte de derrière to go out through the window/the back door; sortir dans la rue/sur le balcon to go out in the streets/on the balcony; sortir faire un tour ( à pied) to go out for a walk; (à vélo, cheval) to go out for a ride; ( en voiture) to go out for a drive; sortir faire des courses to go out shopping; sortir déjeuner to go out for lunch; être sorti to be out; sortez les mains en l'air! come out with your hands up!; sortez et ne revenez pas! get out and don't come back!; sortir discrètement to slip out (de of); sortir en vitesse to rush out; sortir en courant to run out; sortir en trombe de sa chambre to burst out of one's room; faire sortir qn to get sb outside; faire sortir son chien to take one's dog out; laisser sortir qn to allow sb out; laisser sortir les élèves ( à la fin de la classe) to dismiss the class; empêcher de sortir to keep [sb/sth] in [personne, animal]; sortir dans l'espace to space walk; sortir de scène to leave the stage; Figaro sort exit Figaro; Figaro et Almaviva sortent exeunt Figaro and Almaviva; ⇒ devant, œil;

2 ( passer du temps dehors) to go out; sortir tous les soirs/avec des amis to go out every night/with friends; sortir au restaurant to go out to a restaurant; sortir avec qn to go out with sb; inviter qn à sortir to ask sb out; sortir en ville to go out on the town;

3 ( quitter un lieu) sortir de to leave; sortir de chez qn to leave sb's house; sortir d'une réunion to leave a meeting; sortir du port [navire] to leave port; sortir du pays [personne, marchandise] to leave the country; sortir de chez soi to go out; sortir de la pièce to walk out of the room; sortez d'ici/de là! get out of here/of there!; sortir de son lit/son bain [personne] to get out of bed/the bath; sortir de la route [véhicule] to leave the road; sortir de la famille [bijou, tableau] to go out of the family; sortir tout chaud du four to be hot from the oven; ⇒ loup;

4 ( venir d'un lieu) sortir de to come out of; sortir de chez le médecin to come out of the doctor's; sortir de sa chambre en chemise de nuit to come out of one's room in one's nightgown;

5 (quitter un état, une situation) sortir d'un profond sommeil/d'un rêve to wake up from a deep sleep/from a dream; sortir de son mutisme or silence to break one's silence; sortir de l'adolescence to come out of adolescence; sortir de la récession to pull out of the recession; sortir d'un cercle vicieux to break out of a vicious circle; sortir de soi to lose control of oneself; sortir de l'hiver to reach the end of winter; on n'en sort jamais○ there's no end to it; on n'en sortira jamais! ( problème) we'll never see the end of it!; ( embouteillage) we'll never get out of it!; il refuse d'en sortir○ ( changer d'avis) he won't budge an inch○; il n'y a pas à sortir de là○ there's no two ways about it○;

6 ( venir de quitter un état) sortir à peine de l'enfance to be just emerging from childhood; sortir de maladie/d'une dépression to be recovering from an illness/from a bout of depression; sortir d'une crise/guerre to emerge from a crisis/war;

7 ( émerger) to come out; sortir différent/désenchanté/déçu to come out different/disenchanted/disappointed; elle est sortie de sa dépression très affaiblie after her depression she was a mere shadow of her former self;

8 ( s'échapper) [eau, air, étincelle, fumée] to come out (de of; par through); le bouchon ne sort pas the cork won't come out; l'eau sort du robinet the water comes out of the tap GB ou faucet US; une odeur sort de la pièce there's a smell coming from the room; faire sortir to squeeze [sth] out [pâte, colle, eau, jus] (de of); to eject [cassette] (de from); sortir en masse [personnes] to pour out; ⇒ vérité;

9 ( pousser) [plante, insecte] to come out; [dent] to come through; les bourgeons sortent the buds are coming out; sortir de terre [plante] to spring up; [bâtiment] to rise from the ground; il lui est sorti une dent he/she's cut a tooth;

10 ( dépasser) to stick out; il y a un clou qui sort there's a nail sticking out; sortir de l'eau à marée basse [roche] to stick out of the water at low tide;

11 ( être commercialisé) [film, disque, livre, nouveau modèle, nouveau produit, collection] to come out; Le Monde sort l'après-midi Le Monde goes on sale in the afternoon; sortir tous les jours/toutes les semaines/tous les mois [journal, périodique] to be published daily/weekly/monthly; sortir de la chaîne [produit industriel] to come off the production line; sortir des presses [journal, livre] to come off the press; ça sort tout juste des presses it's hot off the press;

12 ( provenir) [personne, produit] to come from; sortir d'un milieu intellectuel/d'une famille de banquiers to come from an intellectual background/from a family of bankers; sortir de Berkeley Univ to have graduated from Berkeley; sortir de chez Hachette to have been with Hachette previously; d'où sors-tu à cette heure○? where have you been?; d'où sors-tu comme ça○? what have you been doing to look like that?; d'où sort-il celui-là○? what planet's he from○?;

13 ( être en dehors) sortir du sujet [personne] to wander off the subject; [remarque] to be beside the point; cela sort de ma compétence/de mes fonctions that's not in my brief/within my authority;

14 ( être tiré) [numéro, sujet] to come up; c'est le 17 qui est sorti it was (number) 17 that came up;

15 Ordinat to exit.

D se sortir vpr

1 ( échapper) se sortir d'une situation difficile to get out of a predicament; se sortir de la pauvreté to escape from poverty; se sortir d'une dépression to come out of a bout of depression; se sortir d'une épreuve to come through an ordeal; s'en sortir ( situation difficile) to get out of it; ( maladie) to get over it; s'en sortir vivant to escape with one's life;

2 ( se débrouiller) s'en sortir gén to pull through; ( financièrement) to cope; (intellectuellement, manuellement, physiquement) to manage; tu t'en sors? can you manage?; s'en sortir tant bien que mal to struggle through; s'en sortir à peine ( financièrement) to scrape a living.

Idiome

sortir par les trous de nez○ to get up one's nose○.

I

[sɔrtir] nom masculin

(littéraire) [fin]

dès le sortir de l'enfance, il dut apprendre à se défendre he was barely out of his childhood when he had to learn to fend for himself

————————

au sortir de locution prépositionnelle

1. [dans le temps]

au sortir de l'hiver as winter draws to a close

au sortir de la guerre towards the end of the war

2. [dans l'espace]

je vis la cabane au sortir du bois as I was coming out of the woods, I saw the hut

II

[sɔrtir] verbe intransitif (aux être)

1. [quitter un lieu - vu de l'intérieur] to go out ; [ - vu de l'extérieur] to come out

vous trouverez la boîte aux lettres en sortant you'll find the letter box on your way out

sortir par la fenêtre to get out ou to leave by the window

sors! get out (of here)!

fais sortir la guêpe get the wasp out (of here)

Madame, je peux sortir? please Miss, may I leave the room?

une méchante grippe l'empêche de sortir a bad bout of flu is keeping him indoors ou at home

vivement que je puisse sortir! I can't wait to get out!

elle est sortie déjeuner/se promener she's gone (out) for lunch/for a walk

si elle se présente, dites-lui que je suis sorti if she calls, tell her I'm out ou I've gone out ou I'm not in

il était si mauvais que le public est sorti he was so bad that the audience walked out (on him)

sortir de: sortir d'une pièce to leave a room

sortir d'une voiture to get out of a car

je l'ai vu qui sortait de l'hôpital/l'école vers 16 h I saw him coming out of the hospital/school at about 4 pm

fais sortir ce chien de la voiture get that dog out of the car

faites-les sortir! send them out!

sortir du lit to get out of bed

il est sorti de sa vie he's out of her life

ça me sort par les yeux (familier) I'm sick and tired of it, I've had it up to here

2. [marquant la fin d'une activité, d'une période]

sortir de table to leave the table

elle sort de l'hôpital demain she's coming out of hospital tomorrow

sortir de l'école/du bureau [finir sa journée] to finish school/work

sortir de prison to come out of ou to be released from prison

3. [pour se distraire]

je sors très peu I hardly ever go out

sortir avec quelqu'un to go out with somebody

ils sortent ensemble depuis trois ans (familier) they've been going out together for three years

4. [apparaître - dent, bouton] to come through ; [ - pousse] to come up, to peep through

5. [se répandre] to come out

le son sort par là the sound comes out here

c'est pour que la fumée sorte it's to let the smoke out ou for the smoke to escape

6. [s'échapper] to get out

sortir de: aucun dossier ne doit sortir de l'ambassade no file may be taken out of ou leave the embassy

faire sortir quelqu'un/des marchandises d'un pays to smuggle somebody/goods out of a country

je vais te confier quelque chose, mais cela ne doit pas sortir d'ici I'm going to tell you something, but it mustn't go any further than these four walls

7. [être mis en vente - disque, film] to be released, to come out ; [ - livre] to be published, to come out

ça vient de sortir! it's just (come) out!, it's (brand) new!

8. [être révélé au public - sujet d'examen] to come up ; [ - numéro de loterie] to be drawn ; [ - numéro à la roulette] to turn ou to come up ; [ - tarif, barème] to be out

9. (familier) [être dit] to come out

il fallait que ça sorte! it had to come out ou to be said!

10. INFORMATIQUE

sortir (d'un système) to exit (from a system)

11. NAUTIQUE & AÉRONAUTIQUE

sortir du port to leave harbour

sortir en mer to put out to sea

aujourd'hui, les avions/bateaux ne sont pas sortis the planes were grounded/the boats stayed in port today

12. SPORT [balle] to go out

le ballon est sorti en corner/touche the ball went out for a corner/went into touch

on a fait sortir le joueur (du terrain)

a. [pour faute] the player was sent off

b. [il est blessé] the player had to go off because of injury

13. THÉÂTRE

le roi sort exit the King

les sorcières sortent exeunt (the) witches

————————

[sɔrtir] verbe transitif (aux avoir)

1. [mener dehors - pour se promener, se divertir] to take out (separable)

il faut sortir les chiens régulièrement dogs have to be walked regularly

viens avec nous au concert, ça te sortira come with us to the concert, that'll get you out (of the house)

2. [mettre dehors - vu de l'intérieur] to put out ou outside ; [ - vu de l'extérieur] to bring out ou outside (separable)

sortir la poubelle to take out the rubbish bin (UK) ou the trash (US)

3. [présenter - crayon, outil] to take out (separable) ; [ - pistolet] to pull out ; [ - papiers d'identité] to produce

on va bientôt pouvoir sortir les vêtements d'été we'll soon be able to get out our summer clothes

il a toujours du mal à les sortir (familier) he's never too keen to put his hand in his pocket

4. [extraire]

sortir quelque chose de to take ou to get something out of

des mesures ont été prises pour sortir le pays de la crise measures have been taken in order to get the country out of ou to rescue the country from the present crisis

sortir quelqu'un de to get ou to pull somebody out of

j'ai eu du mal à le sortir de son lit [le faire lever] I had trouble getting him out of bed

je vais te sortir d'affaire ou d'embarras ou de là I'll get you out of it

5. (familier) [expulser] to get ou to throw out (separable)

sortez-le ou je fais un malheur! get him out of here before I do something I'll regret!

elle a sorti la Suédoise en trois sets she disposed of ou beat the Swedish player in three sets

6. [mettre sur le marché] to launch, to bring out

sortir un disque/film

a. [auteur] to bring out a record/film

b. [distributeur] to release a record/film

sortir un livre to bring out ou to publish a book

7. (familier) [dire] to say, to come out with

tu sais ce qu'elle m'a sorti? you know what she came out with?

il m'a sorti que j'étais trop vieille! he told me I was too old, just like that!

8. [roue, train d'atterrissage] to drop

[volet] to raise

————————

sortir de verbe plus préposition

1. [emplacement, position] to come out of, to come off

sortir des rails to go off ou to jump the rails

sortir de la piste

a. [voiture] to come off ou to leave the track

b. [skieur] to come off the piste

ça m'était complètement sorti de la tête ou de l'esprit it had gone right out of my head ou mind

l'incident est sorti de ma mémoire ou m'est sorti de la mémoire I've forgotten the incident

2. [venir récemment de] to have (just) come from

elle sort de chez moi she's just left my place

d'où sors-tu? (familier) where have you been?

je sors d'une grippe I'm just recovering from a bout of flu

sortir de faire quelque chose (familier) to have just done something

je sors d'en prendre (familier) I've had quite enough of that, thank you

3. [venir à bout de] to come out of

nous avons eu une période difficile mais heureusement nous en sortons we've had a difficult time but fortunately we're now emerging from it ou we're seeing the end of it now

est-ce qu'on va enfin en sortir? (familier) when are we going to see an end to all this?

4. [se tirer de, se dégager de]

elle est sortie indemne de l'accident she came out of the accident unscathed

qui sortira victorieux de ce match? who will win this match?

sortir de sa rêverie to emerge from one's reverie

lorsqu'on sort de l'adolescence pour entrer dans l'âge adulte when one leaves adolescence (behind) to become an adult

5. [se départir de]

il est sorti de sa réserve après quelques verres de vin he opened ou loosened up after a few glasses of wine

elle est sortie de son silence pour écrire son second roman she broke her silence to write her second novel

6. [s'écarter de]

attention à ne pas sortir du sujet! be careful not to get off ou to stray from the subject!

sortir de l'ordinaire to be out of the ordinary

il ne veut pas sortir ou il ne sort pas de là he won't budge

il n'y a pas à sortir de là [c'est inévitable] there's no way round it, there's no getting away from it

7. [être issu de]

sortir d'une bonne famille to come from ou to be of a good family

pour ceux qui sortent des grandes écoles for those who have studied at ou are the products of the grandes écoles

il ne faut pas être sorti de Polytechnique pour savoir ça you don't need a PhD to know that

mais d'où sors-tu?

a. [tu es mal élevé] where did you learn such manners?, where were you brought up?

b. [tu ne connais rien] where have you been all this time?

8. [être produit par] to come from

la veste sortait de chez un grand couturier the jacket was made by a famous designer

9. (tournure impersonnelle) [résulter de]

que sortira-t-il de tout cela? what will come of all this?

il n'est rien sorti de son interrogatoire his interrogation revealed nothing

————————

se sortir de verbe pronominal plus préposition

to get out of

se sortir d'une situation embarrassante to get (oneself) out of ou (soutenu) to extricate oneself from an embarrassing situation

s'en sortir (familier) : aide-moi à finir, je ne m'en sortirai jamais seul! give me a hand, I'll never get this finished on my own

donne-lui une fourchette, il ne s'en sort pas avec des baguettes give him a fork, he can't manage with chopsticks

tu t'en es très bien sorti you did very well

elle s'en est sortie avec quelques bleus she got away with a few bruises

il s'en est finalement sorti

a. [il a survécu] he pulled through in the end

b. [il a réussi] he won through in the end

on ne s'en sort pas avec une seule paie it's impossible to manage on ou to get by on a single wage

malgré les allocations, on ne s'en sort pas in spite of the benefit, we're not making ends meet

s'en sortir pour (familier) [avoir à payer] to be stung for

tu t'en es sorti pour combien? how much were you stung for?

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > sortir

2 dernier

dernier, -ière [dεʀnje, jεʀ]

1. adjective

   a. (dans le temps, dans une hiérarchie) last

• arriver dernier to come in last

• être reçu dernier (élève) to come last (à in)

• le dernier détenteur du record était américain the last record holder was American

• le mois dernier last month

• samedi dernier last Saturday

• son dernier roman his last novel

• ces derniers jours over the last few days

• ces derniers incidents these latest incidents

• jusqu'à mon dernier jour until the day I die

• après un dernier regard/effort after one last look/effort

• c'est du dernier chic it's the last word in elegance

   b. ( = le plus haut, le plus bas, le plus lointain) le dernier étage the top floor

• le dernier rang the back row

• la dernière marche de l'escalier (en bas) the bottom step ; (en haut) the top step

• le dernier mouchoir de la pile (dessus) the top handkerchief in the pile ; (dessous) the bottom handkerchief in the pile

• en dernière page (Press) on the back page

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Notez l'ordre des mots lorsque last est employé avec un nombre.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• les cent dernières pages the last hundred pages

• les trois derniers jours the last three days

2. masculine noun, feminine noun

last

• sortir le dernier to leave last

• les derniers arrivés n'auront rien the last ones to arrive will get nothing

• dernier entré, premier sorti last in, first out

• son (petit) dernier her youngest child

• il est le dernier de sa classe he's at the bottom of the class

• ils ont été tués jusqu'au dernier every last one of them was killed

• le dernier des imbéciles (pejorative) an absolute imbecile

► ce dernier, cette dernière the latter

• Luc, Marc et Jean étaient là et ce dernier a dit que... Luc, Marc and Jean were there, and Jean said that...

• Paul, Pierre et Maud sont venus ; cette dernière... Paul, Pierre and Maud came; she...

3. masculine noun

( = dernier étage) top floor

► en dernier last

4. feminine noun

dernière

   a. (Theatre) last performance

   b. ( = nouvelle) (inf) vous connaissez la dernière ? have you heard the latest?

* * *

1.

- ière dɛʀnje, ɛʀ adjectif

1) ( qui termine une série) gén last; [étage, étagère] top

arriver dernier — ( dans une course) to come last

être bon dernier — to come well and truly last

un dernier mot avant que vous ne partiez — a final word before you go

la dissertation est pour le 20 juin dernier délai — the deadline for this essay is 20 June

de la dernière chance — final

2) ( précédent) last

l'an dernier — last year

3) ( le plus récent) [roman, nouvelles] latest

ces dernier temps — recently

4) ( extrême)

le dernier degré de — the height of

être du dernier ridicule — to be utterly ridiculous

c'était la dernière chose à faire — it was the worst possible thing to do

le dernier choix — the poorest quality

2.

nom masculin et féminin

1) ( qui est à la fin) last

les derniers — the last

arriver le dernier — to arrive last

tu es toujours le dernier — you are always last

c'est le dernier qui me reste — it's my last one

le dernier qui — ( personne) the last person who

c'est bien le dernier de mes soucis — that is the least of my worries

être le dernier de la classe — to be bottom of the class

le petit dernier — the youngest child

est-ce votre dernier? — is that your youngest?

ce dernier, ces derniers — ( de plusieurs) the latter

dans ce dernier cas — in the latter case

2) ( le pire)

c'est le dernier des imbéciles or idiots — he's a complete idiot

le dernier des derniers — the lowest of the low

3.

en dernier locution adverbiale last

Phrasal Verbs:

- dernier cri

- dernière demeure

- dernières volontés

* * *
dɛʀnje, jɛʀ (-ière)
1. adj

1) (dans l'espace) last

C'est la dernière maison, après la poste. — It's the last house, after the post office.

le dernier étage — the top floor

Il est arrivé dernier. — He arrived last.

2) (dans le temps, une liste) last

la dernière fois — the last time

la dernière fois que... — last time..., last time that...

lundi dernier — last Monday

le mois dernier — last month

3) (= le plus récent) latest

le dernier film de Spielberg — Spielberg's latest film

4) (= ultime) (effort) final

Allez, un dernier effort! — Go on, one final effort!

c'est mon dernier mot — that's my last word

5) (dans une hiérarchie) (le plus élevé) top, highest, (le moins élevé) lowest, bottom

avec l'espoir de parvenir un jour au dernier échelon — with the hope of one day reaching the top rung

relégué au dernier rang — relegated to the lowest position

6) (avec valeur intensive: meilleur)

du dernier chic — extremely smart

du dernier confort — the ultimate in comfort

Le racisme sera combattu avec la dernière énergie. — We will fight racism with all our strength.

7) (avec valeur intensive: pire) worst

C'est du dernier mauvais goût. — It's in the worst possible taste.

8) (autres locutions)

le dernier cri — the last word, the last word in fashion

les derniers honneurs — the last tribute

rendre le dernier soupir — to breathe one's last

2. nm/f

1) [course] last

le dernier de la classe — the bottom of the class

2) (de la famille) youngest

Je vous présente le petit dernier. — This is my youngest.

3) (en se référant à un antécédent)

ce dernier, cette dernière — the latter

3. nm

en dernier — last

Ajoutez le lait en dernier. — Put the milk in last.

* * *

dernier, - ière

A adj

1 ( qui termine une série) [coureur, jour, paragraphe, bâtiment] last; [étage, étagère] top; ce fut son dernier roman it was his/her last novel; faire un dernier effort to make one last effort; la dernière édition de la journée Presse the last edition of the day; la dernière édition date de 1920 the last edition came out in 1920; dernière chance last chance; dernière fois last time; décision de dernière minute or heure last-minute decision; attendre la dernière minute or le dernier moment pour faire to wait until the last minute to do; arriver dernier ( dans une course) to come last; arriver bon dernier to come in last a long way behind; être bon dernier to come well and truly last; être classé or placé dernier ( dans une course) to be in last place; c'est la toute dernière maison it's the very last house; un dernier mot avant que vous ne partiez a final word before you go; je voudrais ajouter un dernier mot I'd like to say one more thing; troisième et dernier volume third and final volume; je les veux jeudi dernier délai I want them by Thursday at the latest; la dissertation est pour le 20 juin dernier délai the deadline for this essay is 20 June; de la dernière chance final;

2 ( précédent) last; l'an dernier last year; jeudi dernier last Thursday; la nuit dernière last night; au siècle dernier in the 19th century; Noël dernier last Christmas; les dernières 24 heures ont été éprouvantes the last 24 hours have been terrible ou awful; pendant la dernière guerre during the last war; son dernier livre his/her last book; la dernière édition datait de 1910 the last edition came out in 1910;

3 ( le plus récent) [roman, album, production, nouvelles] latest; mon dernier roman paraîtra demain my latest novel will come out tomorrow; notre dernier modèle our latest model; notre dernière création our latest creation; les dernières exigences des ravisseurs the kidnappers'^GB latest demands; nouvelles de dernière heure latest news; aux dernières nouvelles on apprenait que the latest news was that; ces dernier temps recently; ces derniers temps il n'a pas fait beau the weather hasn't been very good recently ou lately;

4 ( extrême) le dernier degré de the height of; c'est ridicule au dernier degré or point it's utterly ou absolutely ridiculous; être du dernier ridicule to be utterly ou absolutely ridiculous; c'est de la dernière impolitesse it's the height of rudeness; c'était la dernière chose à faire it was the worst possible thing to do; c'est bien la dernière personne à qui je ferais des confidences he/she really is the last person I would confide in; c'est bien la dernière personne que j'aurais choisie he/she really is the last person I would have chosen; le dernier choix the poorest quality; c'est la dernière fois que je viens ici that's the last time I come here; les trois derniers jours the last three days.

B nmf

1 ( qui est à la fin) last; les derniers the last; arriver le dernier to arrive last; le dernier arrivé the last to arrive; le dernier arrivé offre une bouteille de champagne the last one there has to buy a bottle of champagne; tu es toujours le dernier you are always last; c'est le dernier qui me reste it's my last one; ce fut le dernier des rois de France he was the last of the kings of France; le dernier qui the last person who; ce sont les derniers à pouvoir faire they are the last people who could do; les premiers seront les derniers Bible the first shall be last; c'est bien le dernier de mes soucis that really is the least of my worries; être le dernier de la classe to be bottom of the class; être le dernier de la liste to be bottom of the list; si tu cherches ton nom dans la liste, c'est le dernier if you're looking for your name in the list, it's at the bottom; la dernière des guerres the war to end all wars; le petit dernier the youngest child; est-ce votre dernier? is that your youngest?; ce dernier, ces derniers ( de plusieurs) the latter; c'était un fidèle de Grovagnard, et il devint chef du parti à la mort de ce dernier he was a follower of Grovagnard, and became party leader when he died; elle est venue avec son mari, ce dernier me semblait d'ailleurs pas très à l'aise she came with her husband, who actually didn't seem very comfortable; elle est venue avec Pierre et Anne, cette dernière étant seule ce soir là she came with Pierre and Anne, the latter of whom happened to be alone that evening; dans ce dernier cas in the latter case;

2 ( le pire) c'est le dernier des imbéciles or idiots he's a complete idiot; c'est le dernier des lâches he's a complete and utter coward; le dernier des ignorants or imbéciles sait cela any fool knows that; le dernier des derniers the lowest of the low.

C en dernier loc adv last; je m'en occuperai en dernier I'll deal with that last; j'irai chez eux en dernier I'll go to them last.

D dernière nf

1 (histoire, nouvelle) la dernière the latest; connaissez-vous la dernière? have you heard the latest?;

2 ( d'un spectacle) last performance.

Composés

dernier cri latest fashion; dernière demeure final resting place; conduire/accompagner qn à sa dernière demeure to take/to accompany sb to his/her final resting place; dernières volontés final ou dying wish.

Idiome

(en) être à sa dernière heure to be on one's deathbed.

( féminin dernière) [dɛrnje, dɛrnjɛr] (devant nom masculin commençant par voyelle ou 'h' muet [dɛrnjɛr]) adjectif

A.[DANS LE TEMPS]

1. (avant le nom) [qui vient après tous les autres - avion, bus, personne] last ; [ - détail, préparatif] final

un dernier mot/point! one final word/point!

il vient de terminer ses derniers examens [en fin de cycle d'études] he's just taken his final exams ou finals

le dernier enchérisseur the highest bidder

un Warhol dernière période a late Warhol

les dernières années de sa vie the last years of his life

jusqu'à son dernier jour to his dying day, until the day he died

ce furent ses dernières paroles these were his dying ou last words

ses dernières volontés his last wishes

dernier arrivant ou arrivé ou venu latecomer

sa dernière demeure her final resting place

la dernière édition the late edition

la dernière séance the last ou late performance

avoir le dernier mot: il faut toujours qu'il ait le dernier mot he always has to have the last word

rendre les derniers devoirs ou honneurs ou un dernier hommage à quelqu'un to pay a final tribute ou one's last respects to somebody

2. (avant le nom) [arrêté, ultime] final

c'est mon dernier prix

a. [vendeur] it's the lowest I'll go

b. [acheteur] that's my final offer

dans un dernier sursaut de rage in a final burst of rage

en dernière analyse in the final ou last analysis, when all's said and done

3. [précédent] last, previous

la nuit dernière last night

la dernière fois, la fois dernière last time

ces dix dernières années these last ten years

4. (avant le nom) [le plus récent] last, latest

achète-moi la dernière biographie de Proust get me the latest biography of Proust

à la dernière minute, à la dernière seconde, au dernier moment: une décision prise à la dernière seconde a last-minute decision

je ferai mes valises au dernier moment I'll pack at the last minute ou possible moment

une nouvelle de dernière minute a late newsflash

on nous apprend/ils apprirent en dernière minute que... we've just heard this minute/at the last minute they heard that...

ces derniers temps lately, of late

les derniers temps de the last stages ou days of, the end of

tu connais la dernière nouvelle? have you heard the latest?

aux dernières nouvelles, le mariage aurait été annulé according to the latest news, the wedding's been cancelled

aux dernières nouvelles, elle était en Alaska she was last heard of in Alaska

de dernière heure [changement] last-minute

B.[DANS L'ESPACE]

1. [du bas - étagère] bottom

les chaussettes sont dans le dernier tiroir the socks are in the bottom drawer

2. [du haut] top

au dernier étage on the top floor

3. [du bout] last

un siège au dernier rang a seat in the back (row)

C.[DANS UN CLASSEMENT, UNE HIÉRARCHIE]

1. [dans une série] last

suite à la dernière page continued on the back page

2. [le plus mauvais] last, bottom

en dernière position in last position, last

le dernier élève de la classe the pupil at the bottom of the class

je suis dernier à l'examen I came last ou bottom (UK) in the exam

arriver bon dernier to come in last

3. [le meilleur] top, highest

le dernier échelon the highest level

D.[EN INTENSIF]

1. (avant le nom) [extrême, sens positif]

de la dernière importance of paramount ou of the utmost importance

du dernier chic extremely smart

atteindre le dernier degré de la perfection to attain the summit of perfection

2. (avant le nom) [extrême, sens négatif]

un acte de la dernière lâcheté the most cowardly of acts

traiter quelqu'un avec le dernier mépris to treat somebody with the greatest contempt

c'est de la dernière effronterie/impolitesse it's extremely cheeky/rude

du dernier mauvais goût in appalling bad taste

c'est la dernière chose à faire it's the last thing one should do

il est la dernière personne à qui je penserais he's the last person I'd have thought of!

c'est le dernier métier qu'on puisse imaginer it's the lowest job you could imagine

faire subir les derniers outrages à une femme (euphémisme) to violate a woman

————————

, dernière [dɛrnje, dɛrnjɛr] (devant nom masculin commençant par voyelle ou 'h' muet [dɛrnjɛr]) nom masculin, nom féminin

1. [dans le temps] last ou final one

je suis partie la dernière I left last, I was the last one to leave

je suis arrivé dans les derniers I was among the last ou final ones to arrive

[dans une famille] youngest

le dernier the youngest ou last (boy)

la dernière the youngest ou last (girl)

ses deux derniers his two youngest (children)

le petit dernier the youngest son

la petite dernière the youngest daughter

2. [dans l'espace - celui du haut] top one ; [ - celui du bas] last ou bottom one ; [ - celui du bout] last one

son dossier est le dernier de la pile her file is at the bottom of the pile

3. [dans une hiérarchie - le pire]

j'étais toujours le dernier en classe I was always (at the) bottom of the class

tu arrives le dernier avec 34 points you come last with 34 points

elle est la dernière à qui je le dirais she's the last person I'd tell

le dernier des derniers (familier) the lowest of the low

tu es le dernier des imbéciles (familier) you're a complete idiot

le dernier des lâches n'aurait pas fait ça even the worst coward wouldn't have done that

je serais vraiment le dernier des idiots! I'd be a complete fool!

c'est le dernier des maris he's a terrible husband

[dans une série] last one

allez, on en prend un dernier! [verre] let's have a last one (for the road)!

ils les ont tués jusqu'au dernier every single one of them was killed

4. [dans une narration]

ce dernier, cette dernière

a. [de deux] the latter

b. [de plusieurs] this last, the last-mentioned

il attendait la réponse de Luc, mais ce dernier se taisait he was waiting for Luc's answer but the latter kept quiet

————————

nom masculin

1. [étage] top floor

2. [dans une charade]

mon dernier est/a... my last is/has...

————————

dernière nom féminin

1. THÉÂTRE last performance

2. (familier) [nouvelle]

tu connais la dernière? have you heard the latest?

————————

au dernier degré locution adverbiale,

au dernier point locution adverbiale

extremely, to the highest ou last degree

j'étais excédé au dernier point I was utterly furious

c'est un alcoolique au dernier degré he's a complete alcoholic

drogué au dernier degré drugged to the eyeballs

————————

au dernier degré de locution prépositionnelle

in the utmost

au dernier degré du désespoir in the depths of despair

————————

dernier délai locution adverbiale

at the latest

————————

en dernier locution adverbiale

last

entrer en dernier to go in last, to be the last one to go in

son nom a été mentionné en dernier his name was mentioned last ou was the last one to be mentioned

ajoute le sel en dernier add the salt last ou at the end

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > dernier

3 ab

ăb, ā, abs, prep. with abl. This IndoEuropean particle (Sanscr. apa or ava, Etr. av, Gr. upo, Goth. af, Old Germ. aba, New Germ. ab, Engl. of, off) has in Latin the following forms: ap, af, ab (av), au-, a, a; aps, abs, as-. The existence of the oldest form, ap, is proved by the oldest and best MSS. analogous to the prep. apud, the Sanscr. api, and Gr. epi, and by the weakened form af, which, by the rule of historical grammar and the nature of the Latin letter f, can be derived only from ap, not from ab. The form af, weakened from ap, also very soon became obsolete. There are but five examples of it in inscriptions, at the end of the sixth and in the course of the seventh century B. C., viz.:
AF VOBEIS,
Inscr. Orell. 3114;
AF MVRO,
ib. 6601;
AF CAPVA,
ib. 3308;
AF SOLO,
ib. 589;
AF LYCO,
ib. 3036 ( afuolunt =avolant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Mull., is only a conjecture). In the time of Cicero this form was regarded as archaic, and only here and there used in account-books; v. Cic. Or. 47, 158 (where the correct reading is af, not abs or ab), and cf. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 7 sq.—The second form of this preposition, changed from ap, was ab, which has become the principal form and the one most generally used through all periods—and indeed the only oue used before all vowels and h; here and there also before some consonants, particularly l, n, r, and s; rarely before c, j, d, t; and almost never before the labials p, b, f, v, or before m, such examples as ab Massiliensibus, Caes. B. C. 1, 35, being of the most rare occurrence.—By changing the b of ab through v into u, the form au originated, which was in use only in the two compounds aufero and aufugio for abfero, ab-fugio; aufuisse for afuisse, in Cod. Medic. of Tac. A. 12, 17, is altogether unusual. Finally, by dropping the b of ab, and lengthening the a, ab was changed into a, which form, together with ab, predominated through all periods of the Latin language, and took its place before all consonants in the later years of Cicero, and after him almoet exclusively.—By dropping the b without lengthening the a, ab occurs in the form a- in the two compounds a-bio and a-perio, q. v.—On the other hand, instead of reducing ap to a and a, a strengthened collateral form, aps, was made by adding to ap the letter s (also used in particles, as in ex, mox, vix). From the first, aps was used only before the letters c, q, t, and was very soon changed into abs (as ap into ab):
abs chorago,
Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 79 (159 Ritschl):
abs quivis,
Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1:
abs terra,
Cato, R. R. 51;
and in compounds: aps-cessero,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 24 (625 R.); id. ib. 3, 2, 84 (710 R): abs-condo, abs-que, abs-tineo, etc. The use of abs was confined almost exclusively to the combination abs te during the whole ante-classic period, and with Cicero till about the year 700 A. U. C. (=B. C. 54). After that time Cicero evidently hesitates between abs te and a te, but during the last five or six years of his life a te became predominant in all his writings, even in his letters; consequently abs te appears but rarely in later authors, as in Liv. 10, 19, 8; 26, 15, 12;
and who, perhaps, also used abs conscendentibus,
id. 28, 37, 2; v. Drakenb. ad. h. l. (Weissenb. ab).—Finally abs, in consequence of the following p, lost its b, and became ds- in the three compounds aspello, as-porto, and as-pernor (for asspernor); v. these words.—The late Lat. verb abbrevio may stand for adbrevio, the d of ad being assimilated to the following b.The fundamental signification of ab is departure from some fixed point (opp. to ad. which denotes motion to a point).
I.
In space, and,
II.
Fig., in time and other relations, in which the idea of departure from some point, as from source and origin, is included; Engl. from, away from, out of; down from; since, after; by, at, in, on, etc.
I.
Lit., in space: ab classe ad urbem tendunt, Att. ap. Non. 495, 22 (Trag. Rel. p. 177 Rib.):
Caesar maturat ab urbe proficisci,
Caes. B. G. 1, 7:
fuga ab urbe turpissima,
Cic. Att. 7, 21:
ducite ab urbe domum, ducite Daphnim,
Verg. E. 8, 68. Cicero himself gives the difference between ab and ex thus: si qui mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus extra meum fundum et me introire prohibuerit, non ex eo, sed ab ( from, away from) eo loco me dejecerit....Unde dejecti Galli? A Capitolio. Unde, qui cum Graccho fucrunt? Ex Capitolio, etc., Cic. Caecin. 30, 87; cf. Diom. p. 408 P., and a similar distinction between ad and in under ad.—Ellipt.: Diogenes Alexandro roganti, ut diceret, si quid opus esset: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92. —Often joined with usque:
illam (mulierem) usque a mari supero Romam proficisci,
all the way from, Cic. Clu. 68, 192; v. usque, I.—And with ad, to denote the space passed over: siderum genus ab ortu ad occasum commeant, from... to, Cic. N. D. 2, 19 init.; cf. ab... in:
venti a laevo latere in dextrum, ut sol, ambiunt,
Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.
b.
Sometimes with names of cities and small islands, or with domus (instead of the usual abl.), partie., in militnry and nautieal language, to denote the marching of soldiers, the setting out of a flcet, or the departure of the inhabitants from some place:
oppidum ab Aenea fugiente a Troja conditum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33:
quemadmodum (Caesar) a Gergovia discederet,
Caes. B. G. 7, 43 fin.; so id. ib. 7, 80 fin.; Sall. J. 61; 82; 91; Liv. 2, 33, 6 al.; cf.:
ab Arimino M. Antonium cum cohortibus quinque Arretium mittit,
Caes. B. C. 1, 11 fin.; and:
protinus a Corfinio in Siciliam miserat,
id. ib. 1, 25, 2:
profecti a domo,
Liv. 40, 33, 2;
of setting sail: cum exercitus vestri numquam a Brundisio nisi hieme summa transmiserint,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 32; so id. Fam. 15, 3, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 23; 3, 24 fin.:
classe qua advecti ab domo fuerant,
Liv. 8, 22, 6;
of citizens: interim ab Roma legatos venisse nuntiatum est,
Liv. 21, 9, 3; cf.:
legati ab Orico ad M. Valerium praetorem venerunt,
id. 24, 40, 2.
c.
Sometimes with names of persons or with pronouns: pestem abige a me, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 50 Vahl.):
Quasi ad adulescentem a patre ex Seleucia veniat,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; cf.:
libertus a Fuflis cum litteris ad Hermippum venit,
Cic. Fl. 20, 47:
Nigidium a Domitio Capuam venisse,
id. Att. 7, 24:
cum a vobis discessero,
id. Sen. 22:
multa merces tibi defluat ab Jove Neptunoque,
Hor. C. 1, 28, 29 al. So often of a person instead of his house, lodging, etc.: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, from the father, i. e. from his house, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6:
so a fratre,
id. Phorm. 5, 1, 5:
a Pontio,
Cic. Att. 5, 3 fin.:
ab ea,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 21; and so often: a me, a nobis, a se, etc., from my, our, his house, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 1, 7; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 50; Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1 al.
B.
Transf., without the idea of motion. To designate separation or distance, with the verbs abesse, distare, etc., and with the particles longe, procul, prope, etc.
1.
Of separation:
ego te afuisse tam diu a nobis dolui,
Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 2:
abesse a domo paulisper maluit,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39:
tum Brutus ab Roma aberat,
Sall. C. 40, 5:
absint lacerti ab stabulis,
Verg. G. 4, 14.—
2.
Of distance:
quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,
Cic. Caecin. 10, 28; cf.:
nos in castra properabamus, quae aberant bidui,
id. Att. 5, 16 fin.; and:
hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 1:
terrae ab hujusce terrae, quam nos incolimus, continuatione distantes,
Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:
non amplius pedum milibus duobus ab castris castra distabant,
Caes. B. C. 1, 82, 3; cf. id. lb. 1, 3, 103.—With adverbs: annos multos longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 103 Vahl.):
cum domus patris a foro longe abesset,
Cic. Cael. 7, 18 fin.; cf.:
qui fontes a quibusdam praesidiis aberant longius,
Caes. B. C. 3, 49, 5:
quae procul erant a conspectu imperii,
Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87; cf.:
procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt,
Caes. B. G. 5, 17, 1; and:
tu procul a patria Alpinas nives vides,
Verg. E. 10, 46 (procul often also with simple abl.;
v. procul): cum esset in Italia bellum tam prope a Sicilia, tamen in Sicilia non fuit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6; cf.:
tu apud socrum tuam prope a meis aedibus sedebas,
id. Pis. 11, 26; and:
tam prope ab domo detineri,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 6.—So in Caesar and Livy, with numerals to designate the measure of the distance:
onerariae naves, quae ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo vento tenebatur,
eight miles distant, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 4; and without mentioning the terminus a quo: ad castra contenderunt, et ab milibus passunm minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off or distant, id. ib. 2, 7, 3; so id. ib. 2, 5, 32; 6, 7, 3; id. B. C. 1, 65; Liv. 38, 20, 2 (for which:
duo milia fere et quingentos passus ab hoste posuerunt castra,
id. 37, 38, 5). —
3.
To denote the side or direction from which an object is viewed in its local relations,=a parte, at, on, in: utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus? Enn. ap. Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (Trag. v. 38 Vahl.); cf.:
picus et cornix ab laeva, corvos, parra ab dextera consuadent,
Plaut. As. 2, 1, 12: clamore ab ea parte audito. on this side, Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 4: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, id. ib. 1, 1, 5:
pleraque Alpium ab Italia sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt,
on the Italian side, Liv. 21, 35, 11:
non eadem diligentia ab decumuna porta castra munita,
at the main entrance, Caes. B. G. 3, 25 fin.:
erat a septentrionibus collis,
on the north, id. ib. 7, 83, 2; so, ab oriente, a meridie, ab occasu; a fronte, a latere, a tergo, etc. (v. these words).
II.
Fig.
A.
In time.
1.
From a [p. 3] point of time, without reference to the period subsequently elapsed. After:
Exul ab octava Marius bibit,
Juv. 1,40:
mulieres jam ab re divin[adot ] adparebunt domi,
immediately after the sucrifice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 4:
Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus,
Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:
ab hac contione legati missi sunt,
immediately after, Liv. 24, 22, 6; cf. id. 28, 33, 1; 40, 47, 8; 40, 49, 1 al.:
ab eo magistratu,
after this office, Sall. J. 63, 5:
a summa spe novissima exspectabat,
after the greatest hope, Tac. A. 6, 50 fin. —Strengthened by the adverbs primum, confestim, statim, protinus, or the adj. recens, immediately after, soon after:
ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni,
Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4; so Suet. Tib. 68:
confestim a proelio expugnatis hostium castris,
Liv. 30, 36, 1:
statim a funere,
Suet. Caes. 85;
and followed by statim: ab itinere statim,
id. ib. 60:
protinus ab adoptione,
Vell. 2, 104, 3:
Homerus qui recens ab illorum actate fuit,
soon after their time, Cic. N. D. 3, 5; so Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 2; Verg. A. 6, 450 al. (v. also primum, confestim, etc.).—
Sometimes with the name of a person or place, instead of an action: ibi mihi tuae litterae binae redditae sunt tertio abs te die,
i. e. after their departure from you, Cic. Att. 5, 3, 1: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine Nov[adot ], i. e. after leaving (=postquam a Carthagine profecti sunt), Liv. 21, 38, 1:
secundo Punico (bello) Scipionis classis XL. die a securi navigavit,
i. e. after its having been built, Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192. —Hence the poct. expression: ab his, after this (cf. ek toutôn), i. e. after these words, hereupon, Ov. M. 3, 273; 4, 329; 8, 612; 9, 764.
2.
With reference to a subsequent period. From, since, after:
ab hora tertia bibebatur,
from the third hour, Cic. Phil. 2, 41:
infinito ex tempore, non ut antea, ab Sulla et Pompeio consulibus,
since the consulship of, id. Agr. 2, 21, 56:
vixit ab omni aeternitate,
from all eternity, id. Div. 1, 51, 115:
cum quo a condiscipulatu vivebat conjunctissime,
Nep. Att. 5, 3:
in Lycia semper a terrae motu XL. dies serenos esse,
after an earthquake, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211 al.:
centesima lux est haec ab interitu P. Clodii,
since the death of, Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.:
cujus a morte quintus hic et tricesimus annus est,
id. Sen. 6, 19; and:
ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumiun annum,
since, Sall. C. 47, 2:
diebus triginta, a qua die materia caesa est,
Caes. B. C. 1, 36.—Sometimes joined with usque and inde:
quod augures omnes usque ab Romulo decreverunt,
since the time of, Cic. Vat. 8, 20:
jam inde ab infelici pugna ceciderant animi,
from the very beginning of, Liv. 2, 65 fin. —Hence the adverbial expressions ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first; v. initium, principium, primus. Likewise ab integro, anew, afresh; v. integer.—Ab... ad, from (a time)... to:
ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,
Cic. Att. 7, 8, 4; cf.:
cum ab hora septima ad vesperum pugnatum sit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 2; and:
a quo tempore ad vos consules anni sunt septingenti octoginta unus,
Vell. 1, 8, 4; and so in Plautus strengthened by usque:
pugnata pugnast usque a mane ad vesperum,
from morning to evening, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97; id. Most. 3, 1, 3; 3, 2, 80.—Rarely ab... in: Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie, from... till late in the day, Liv. 27, 2, 9; so Col. 2, 10, 17; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 2, 103, 106, § 229; 4, 12, 26, § 89.
b.
Particularly with nouns denoting a time of life:
qui homo cum animo inde ab ineunte aetate depugnat suo,
from an early age, from early youth, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 24; so Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44 al.:
mihi magna cum co jam inde a pueritia fuit semper famillaritas,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9; so,
a pueritia,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 27 fin.; id. Fam. 5, 8, 4:
jam inde ab adulescentia,
Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 16:
ab adulescentia,
Cic. Rep. 2, 1:
jam a prima adulescentia,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 23:
ab ineunte adulescentia,
id. ib. 13, 21, 1; cf.
followed by ad: usque ad hanc aetatem ab incunte adulescentia,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 20:
a primis temporibus aetatis,
Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:
a teneris unguiculis,
from childhood, id. ib. 1, 6, 2:
usque a toga pura,
id. Att. 7, 8, 5:
jam inde ab incunabulis,
Liv. 4, 36, 5:
a prima lanugine,
Suet. Oth. 12:
viridi ab aevo,
Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17 al.;
rarely of animals: ab infantia,
Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 182.—Instead of the nom. abstr. very often (like the Greek ek paioôn, etc.) with concrete substantives: a pucro, ab adulescente, a parvis, etc., from childhood, etc.:
qui olim a puero parvulo mihi paedagogus fuerat,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 90; so,
a pausillo puero,
id. Stich. 1, 3, 21:
a puero,
Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 115; id. Fam. 13, 16, 4 (twice) al.:
a pueris,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2 al.:
ab adulescente,
id. Quint. 3, 12:
ab infante,
Col. 1, 8, 2:
a parva virgine,
Cat. 66, 26 al. —Likewise and in the same sense with adject.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, Liv. 1, 39, 6 fin.; cf.:
a parvis,
Ter. And. 3, 3, 7; Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:
a parvulo,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 8; id. Ad. 1, 1, 23; cf.:
ab parvulis,
Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3:
ab tenero,
Col. 5, 6, 20;
and rarely of animals: (vacca) a bima aut trima fructum ferre incipit,
Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 13.
B.
In other relations in which the idea of going forth, proceeding, from something is included.
1.
In gen. to denote departure, separation, deterring, avoiding, intermitting, etc., or distance, difference, etc., of inanimate or abstract things. From: jus atque aecum se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):
suspitionem et culpam ut ab se segregent,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 42:
qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:
hic ab artificio suo non recessit,
id. ib. 1, 10, 20 al.:
quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:
condicionem quam ab te peto,
id. ib. 2, 4, 87; cf.:
mercedem gloriae flagitas ab iis, quorum, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:
si quid ab illo acceperis,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90:
quae (i. e. antiquitas) quo propius aberat ab ortu et divina progenie,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:
ab defensione desistere,
Caes. B. C. 2, 12, 4:
ne quod tempus ab opere intermitteretur,
id. B. G. 7, 24, 2:
ut homines adulescentis a dicendi studio deterream,
Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 117, etc.—Of distance (in order, rank, mind, or feeling):
qui quartus ab Arcesila fuit,
the fourth in succession from, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 46:
tu nunc eris alter ab illo,
next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49; cf.:
Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus,
next in rank to, Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:
quid hoc ab illo differt,
from, Cic. Caecin. 14, 39; cf.:
hominum vita tantum distat a victu et cultu bestiarum,
id. Off. 2, 4, 15; and:
discrepare ab aequitate sapientiam,
id. Rep. 3, 9 fin. (v. the verbs differo, disto, discrepo, dissideo, dissentio, etc.):
quae non aliena esse ducerem a dignitate,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7:
alieno a te animo fuit,
id. Deiot. 9, 24 (v. alienus). —So the expression ab re (qs. aside from the matter, profit; cf. the opposite, in rem), contrary to one's profit, to a loss, disadvantageous (so in the affirmative very rare and only ante-class.):
subdole ab re consulit,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12; cf. id. Capt. 2, 2, 88; more frequently and class. (but not with Cicero) in the negative, non, haud, ab re, not without advantage or profit, not useless or unprofitable, adcantageous:
haut est ab re aucupis,
Plaut. As. 1, 3, 71:
non ab re esse Quinctii visum est,
Liv. 35, 32, 6; so Plin. 27, 8, 35; 31, 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Dom. 11; Gell. 18, 14 fin.; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 31, 22 al. (but in Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 44, ab re means with respect to the money matter).
2.
In partic.
a.
To denote an agent from whom an action proceeds, or by whom a thing is done or takes place. By, and in archaic and solemn style, of. So most frequently with pass. or intrans. verbs with pass. signif., when the active object is or is considered as a living being: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro, Naev. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67: injuria abs te afficior, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:
a patre deductus ad Scaevolam,
Cic. Lael. 1, 1:
ut tamquam a praesentibus coram haberi sermo videretur,
id. ib. 1, 3:
disputata ab eo,
id. ib. 1, 4 al.:
illa (i. e. numerorum ac vocum vis) maxime a Graecia vetere celebrata,
id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:
ita generati a natura sumus,
id. Off. 1, 29, 103; cf.:
pars mundi damnata a rerum natura,
Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 88:
niagna adhibita cura est a providentia deorum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 51 al. —With intrans. verbs:
quae (i. e. anima) calescit ab eo spiritu,
is warmed by this breath, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138; cf. Ov. M. 1, 417: (mare) qua a sole collucet, Cic. Ac. 2, 105:
salvebis a meo Cicerone,
i. e. young Cicero sends his compliments to you, id. Att. 6, 2 fin.:
a quibus (Atheniensibus) erat profectus,
i. e. by whose command, Nep. Milt. 2, 3:
ne vir ab hoste cadat,
Ov. H. 9, 36 al. —A substantive or adjective often takes the place of the verb (so with de, q. v.):
levior est plaga ab amico quam a debitore,
Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7; cf.:
a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus,
id. Off. 2, 6, 19:
si calor est a sole,
id. N. D. 2, 52:
ex iis a te verbis (for a te scriptis),
id. Att. 16, 7, 5:
metu poenae a Romanis,
Liv. 32, 23, 9:
bellum ingens a Volscis et Aequis,
id. 3, 22, 2:
ad exsolvendam fldem a consule,
id. 27, 5, 6.—With an adj.:
lassus ab equo indomito,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 10:
Murus ab ingenic notior ille tuo,
Prop. 5, 1, 126:
tempus a nostris triste malis,
time made sad by our misfortunes, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 36.—Different from per:
vulgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus?
by whom and upon whose orders? Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 80 (cf. id. ib. 34, 97: cujus consilio occisus sit, invenio; cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro); so,
ab hoc destitutus per Thrasybulum (i. e. Thrasybulo auctore),
Nep. Alc. 5, 4.—Ambiguity sometimes arises from the fact that the verb in the pass. would require ab if used in the active:
si postulatur a populo,
if the people demand it, Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58, might also mean, if it is required of the people; on the contrary: quod ab eo (Lucullo) laus imperatoria non admodum exspectabatur, not since he did not expect military renown, but since they did not expect military renown from him, Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2, and so often; cf. Rudd. II. p. 213. (The use of the active dative, or dative of the agent, instead of ab with the pass., is well known, Zumpt, § 419. It is very seldom found in prose writers of the golden age of Roman liter.; with Cic. sometimes joined with the participles auditus, cognitus, constitutus, perspectus, provisus, susceptus; cf. Halm ad Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71, and ad ejusdem, Cat. 1, 7 fin.; but freq. at a later period; e. g. in Pliny, in Books 2-4 of H. N., more than twenty times; and likewise in Tacitus seventeen times. Vid. the passages in Nipperd. ad Tac. A. 2, 49.) Far more unusual is the simple abl. in the designation of persons:
deseror conjuge,
Ov. H. 12, 161; so id. ib. 5, 75; id. M. 1, 747; Verg. A. 1, 274; Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; 1, 6, 2;
and in prose,
Quint. 3, 4, 2; Sen. Contr. 2, 1; Curt. 6, 7, 8; cf. Rudd. II. p. 212; Zumpt ad Quint. V. p. 122 Spalding.—Hence the adverbial phrase a se=uph heautou, sua sponte, of one's own uccord, spontaneously:
ipsum a se oritur et sua sponte nascitur,
Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 78:
(urna) ab se cantat quoja sit,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 21 (al. eapse; cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 66); so Col. 11, 1, 5; Liv. 44, 33, 6.
b.
With names of towns to denote origin, extraction, instead of gentile adjectives. From, of:
pastores a Pergamide,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 1:
Turnus ab Aricia,
Liv. 1, 50, 3 (for which Aricinus, id. 1, 51, 1):
obsides dant trecentos principum a Cora atque Pometia liberos,
Liv. 2, 22, 2; and poet.: O longa mundi servator ab Alba, Auguste, thou who art descended from the old Alban race of kings (=oriundus, or ortus regibus Albanis), Prop. 5, 6, 37.
c.
In giving the etymology of a name: eam rem (sc. legem, Gr. nomon) illi Graeco putant nomine a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam, ego nostro a legendo, Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19: annum intervallum regni fuit: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, Liv. 1, 17, 6:
(sinus maris) ab nomine propinquae urbis Ambracius appellatus,
id. 38, 4, 3; and so Varro in his Ling. Lat., and Pliny, in Books 1-5 of H. N., on almost every page. (Cf. also the arts. ex and de.)
d.
With verbs of beginning and repeating: a summo bibere, in Plaut. to drink in succession from the one at the head of the table:
da, puere, ab summo,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; so,
da ab Delphio cantharum circum, id Most. 1, 4, 33: ab eo nobis causa ordienda est potissimum,
Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 21:
coepere a fame mala,
Liv. 4, 12, 7:
cornicem a cauda de ovo exire,
tail-foremost, Plin. 10, 16, 18:
a capite repetis, quod quaerimus,
Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18 al.
e.
With verbs of freeing from, defending, or protecting against any thing:
a foliis et stercore purgato,
Cato, R. R. 65 (66), 1:
tantumne ab re tuast oti tibi?
Ter. Heaut. 1, [p. 4] 1, 23; cf.:
Saguntini ut a proeliis quietem habuerant,
Liv. 21, 11, 5:
expiandum forum ab illis nefarii sceleris vestigiis,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:
haec provincia non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis est defendenda,
id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14 (v. defendo):
ab incendio urbem vigiliis munitam intellegebat,
Sall. C. 32:
ut neque sustinere se a lapsu possent,
Liv. 21, 35, 12:
ut meam domum metueret atque a me ipso caveret,
Cic. Sest. 64, 133.
f.
With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping, and the like, ab =a parte, as, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4: cum eadem metuam ab hac parte, since I fear the same from this side; hence, timere, metuere ab aliquo, not, to be afraid of any one, but, to fear something (proceeding from) from him:
el metul a Chryside,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 79; cf.:
ab Hannibale metuens,
Liv. 23, 36; and:
metus a praetore,
id. 23, 15, 7;
v. Weissenb. ad h. l.: a quo quidem genere, judices, ego numquam timui,
Cic. Sull. 20, 59:
postquam nec ab Romanis robis ulla est spes,
you can expect nothing from the Romans, Liv. 21, 13, 4.
g.
With verbs of fastening and holding:
funiculus a puppi religatus,
Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154:
cum sinistra capillum ejus a vertice teneret,
Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 3.
h.
Ulcisci se ab aliquo, to take vengeance on one:
a ferro sanguis humanus se ulciscitur,
Plin. 34, 14, 41 fin.
i.
Cognoscere ab aliqua re to knoio or learn by means of something (different from ab aliquo, to learn from some one):
id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 22.
j.
Dolere, laborare, valere ab, instead of the simple abl.:
doleo ab animo, doleo ab oculis, doleo ab aegritudine,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 62:
a morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 26; cf. id. Aul. 2, 2, 9:
a frigore et aestu ne quid laborent,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17; so,
a frigore laborantibus,
Plin. 32, 10, 46, § 133; cf.:
laborare ab re frumentaria,
Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1; id. B. C. 3, 9; v. laboro.
k.
Where verbs and adjectives are joined with ab, instead of the simple abl., ab defines more exactly the respect in which that which is expressed by the verb or adj. is to be understood, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of:
ab ingenio improbus,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:
a me pudica'st,
id. Curc. 1, 1, 51:
orba ab optimatibus contio,
Cic. Fl. 23, 54; ro Ov. H. 6,156: securos vos ab hac parte reddemus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24 fin. (v. securus):
locus copiosus a frumento,
Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2; cf.:
sumus imparati cum a militibas tum a pecunia,
id. ib. 7, 15 fin.:
ille Graecus ab omni laude felicior,
id. Brut. 16, 63:
ab una parte haud satis prosperuin,
Liv. 1, 32, 2 al.;
so often in poets ab arte=arte,
artfully, Tib. 1, 5, 4; 1, 9, 66; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 30.
l.
In the statement of the motive instead of ex, propter, or the simple abl. causae, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: ab singulari amore scribo, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B fin.:
linguam ab irrisu exserentem,
thrusting out the tongue in derision, Liv. 7, 10, 5:
ab honore,
id. 1, 8; so, ab ira, a spe, ab odio, v. Drak. ad Liv. 24, 30, 1: 26, 1, 3; cf. also Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 31, 3, and Fabri ad Liv. 21, 36, 7.
m.
Especially in the poets instead of the gen.:
ab illo injuria,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 129:
fulgor ab auro,
Lucr. 2, 5:
dulces a fontibus undae,
Verg. G. 2, 243.
n.
In indicating a part of the whole, for the more usual ex, of, out of:
scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto,
Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:
nonnuill ab novissimis,
id. ib.; Cic. Sest. 65, 137; cf. id. ib. 59 fin.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).
o.
In marking that from which any thing proceeds, and to which it belongs:
qui sunt ab ea disciplina,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 7:
ab eo qui sunt,
id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:
nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt,
id. Mur. 30, 63 (in imitation of oi upo tinos).
p.
To designate an office or dignity (with or without servus; so not freq. till after the Aug. period;
in Cic. only once): Pollex, servus a pedibus meus,
one of my couriers, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1; so,
a manu servus,
a secretary, Suet. Caes. 74: Narcissum ab eplstulis ( secretary) et Pallantem a rationibus ( accountant), id. Claud. 28; and so, ab actis, ab admissione, ab aegris, ab apotheca, ab argento, a balneis, a bibliotheca, a codicillis, a jumentis, a potione, etc. (v. these words and Inscr. Orell. vol. 3, Ind. xi. p. 181 sq.).
q.
The use of ab before adverbs is for the most part peculiar to later Latinity:
a peregre,
Vitr. 5, 7 (6), 8:
a foris,
Plin. 17, 24, 37; Vulg. Gen, 7, 16; ib. Matt. 23, 27:
ab intus,
ib. ib. 7, 15:
ab invicem,
App. Herb. 112; Vulg. Matt. 25, 32; Cypr. Ep. 63, 9: Hier. Ep. 18:
a longe,
Hyg. Fab. 257; Vulg. Gen. 22, 4; ib. Matt. 26, 58:
a modo,
ib. ib. 23, 39;
Hier. Vit. Hilar.: a nune,
Vulg. Luc. 1, 48:
a sursum,
ib. Marc. 15, 38.
► a.
Ab is not repeated like most other prepositions (v. ad, ex, in, etc.) with pron. interrog. or relat. after subst. and pron. demonstr. with ab:
Arsinoen, Stratum, Naupactum...fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc.,
Cic. Pis. 37, 91:
a rebus gerendis senectus abstrahit. Quibus? An iis, quae in juventute geruntur et viribus?
id. Sen. 6:
a Jove incipiendum putat. Quo Jove?
id. Rep. 1, 36, 56:
res publica, quascumque vires habebit, ab iis ipsis, quibus tenetur, de te propediem impetrabit,
id. Fam. 4, 13, 5.—
b.
Ab in Plantus is once put after the word which it governs: quo ab, As. 1, 1, 106.—
c.
It is in various ways separated from the word which it governs:
a vitae periculo,
Cic. Brut. 91, 313:
a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo,
id. Arch. 6, 12:
a minus bono,
Sall. C. 2, 6:
a satis miti principio,
Liv. 1, 6, 4:
damnis dives ab ipsa suis,
Ov. H. 9, 96; so id. ib. 12, 18; 13, 116.—
d.
The poets join a and que, making aque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.):
aque Chao,
Verg. G. 4, 347:
aque mero,
Ov. M. 3, 631:
aque viro,
id. H. 6, 156:
aque suis,
id. Tr. 5, 2, 74 al. But:
a meque,
Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:
abs teque,
id. Att. 3, 15, 4:
a teque,
id. ib. 8, 11, §
7: a primaque adulescentia,
id. Brut. 91, 315 al. —
e.
A Greek noun joined with ab stands in the dat.: a parte negotiati, hoc est pragmatikê, removisse, Quint. 3, 7, 1.
III.
In composition ab,
1.
Retains its original signif.: abducere, to take or carry away from some place: abstrahere, to draw auay; also, downward: abicere, to throw down; and denoting a departure from the idea of the simple word, it has an effect apparently privative: absimilis, departing from the similar, unlike: abnormis, departing from the rule, unusual (different from dissimilis, enormis); and so also in amens=a mente remotus, alienus ( out of one's senses, without self-control, insane): absurdus, missounding, then incongruous, irrational: abutor (in one of its senses), to misuse: aborior, abortus, to miscarry: abludo; for the privative force the Latin regularly employs in-, v. 2. in.—
2.
It more rarely designates completeness, as in absorbere, abutor ( to use up). (The designation of the fourth generation in the ascending or descending line by ab belongs here only in appearance; as abavus for quartus pater, great-great-grandfather, although the Greeks introduced upopappos; for the immutability of the syllable ab in abpatrnus and abmatertera, as well as the signif. Of the word abavus, grandfather's grandfather, imitated in abnepos, grandchild's grandchild, seems to point to a derivation from avi avus, as Festus, p. 13 Mull., explains atavus, by atta avi, or, rather, attae avus.)

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ab

4 tenir

tenir [t(ə)niʀ]

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1. transitive verb

2. intransitive verb

3. indirect transitive verb

4. impersonal verb

5. reflexive verb

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➭ TABLE 22

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► Lorsque tenir fait partie d'une locution comme tenir compagnie, tenir chaud, reportez-vous aussi à l'autre mot.

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1. <

   a. (avec les mains) to hold

• la clé qu'il tient à la main the key that he's holding

• la clé qu'il tient dans sa main the key that he's holding

• il tient son fils par la main he's holding his son's hand

• tenir la porte à qn to hold the door open for sb

   b. ( = maintenir dans un certain état) to keep

• tenir les yeux ouverts to keep one's eyes open

• le café le tient éveillé coffee keeps him awake

• tenir qch en place to keep sth in place

• tenir une note (Music) to hold a note

   c. ( = gérer) [+ hôtel, magasin, comptes, maison, ménage] to keep

   d. ( = détenir) to have

• si je le tenais ! just let me get my hands on him!

• nous le tenons we've got him

• parfait, je tiens mon article great, now I have my article

• qu'est-ce qu'il tient ! (inf) ( = il est ivre) he's plastered (inf!) ; ( = il est idiot) he's such an idiot!

• en tenir pour qn (inf) ( = l'aimer) to have a crush on sb (inf)

   e. ( = contrôler) [+ enfant, classe] to have under control

   f. ( = organiser) [+ séance, réunion, conférence] to hold

   g. ( = occuper) [+ place, largeur] to take up ; [+ rôle] to have ; [+ emploi] to hold

• ça tient trop de place it takes up too much room

• il tenait sa droite [conducteur] he was keeping to the right

• elle a bien tenu son rôle de chef she was a good manager

• elle tient le rôle d'Ophélie she plays the role of Ophelia

   h. ( = contenir) [récipient] to hold

   i. ( = résister à) tenir l'alcool (inf) to be able to hold one's drink

• tenir le coup [personne] to survive ; [chose] to last

• avec tout ce travail, est-ce qu'il pourra tenir le coup ? with all that work will he be able to cope?

   j. ( = respecter) [+ promesse, pari, planning] to keep to

• tenir le rythme to keep up the pace

   k. (locutions)

► tenir qn/qch pour ( = considérer comme) to regard sb/sth as

• je le tenais pour un imbécile I regarded him as an idiot

• elle le tient pour responsable de l'accident she holds him responsible for the accident► tenir qch de qn to get sth from sb

• il tient cela de son père he gets that from his father► tiens ! (en donnant) here you are!

• tiens, voilà mon frère ! oh, there's my brother!

• tiens, tiens ! well, well!

2. <

   a. ( = rester en place) [objet fixe, nœud, clou] to hold ; [objets empilés, échafaudage] to stay up

• ce chapeau ne tient pas sur ma tête this hat won't stay on my head

• la branche est cassée mais elle tient encore the branch is broken but it's still attached to the tree

• il tient bien sur ses jambes he's very steady on his legs

   b. ( = durer) [accord, beau temps, coiffure] to hold ; [couleur] to be fast ; [mariage, fleurs] to last

• ça tient toujours, notre pique-nique ? (inf) is our picnic still on?

• il n'y a pas de match qui tienne there's no question of going to any match

   c. ( = résister) to hold out

• tenir bon to hold out

• il fait trop chaud, on ne tient plus ici it's too hot - we can't stand it here any longer

   d. ( = pouvoir être contenu) to fit ( dans into)

• ils ne tiendront pas dans la voiture they won't fit into the car

• à cette table, on peut tenir à huit this table can seat eight

• son discours tient en quelques pages his speech is just a few pages long

3. <

• tenir à ( = être attaché à) [+ réputation, opinion de qn] to care about ; [+ objet, personne] to be fond of ; ( = avoir pour cause) to be due to

• il ne tenait plus à la vie he had lost his will to live

• tu veux aller au cinéma ? -- je n'y tiens pas do you want to go to the cinema? -- not particularly

• il tient beaucoup à vous connaître he's very anxious to meet you

• elle tenait absolument à parler she insisted on speaking

• il tient à ce que nous sachions... he is anxious that we should know...

• tu viens avec nous ? -- si tu y tiens are you coming with us? -- if you really want me to

• ça tient au climat it's because of the climate

• son succès tient à peu de chose his success hangs on very little

• à quoi ça tient ? why is that?

• tenir de ( = ressembler à) [+ parent] to take after

• il tient de son père he takes after his father

• il a de qui tenir it runs in the family

4. <

( = dépendre de) to depend

• il ne tient qu'à vous de décider it's up to you to decide

► qu'à cela ne tienne ! no problem!

5. <

   a. (avec les mains) to hold

• il se tenait le ventre de douleur he was holding his stomach in pain

• se tenir à qch to hold onto sth

• ils se tenaient par la main they were holding hands

• ils se tenaient par la taille they had their arms round each other's waists

   b. ( = être dans une position) se tenir debout to be standing up

• tiens-toi droit (debout) stand up straight ; (assis) sit up straight

• redresse-toi, tu te tiens mal stand up straight, you're slouching

• tenez-vous prêts à partir be ready to leave

• elle se tenait à sa fenêtre she was standing at her window

   c. ( = se conduire) to behave

• il ne sait pas se tenir he doesn't know how to behave

• se tenir tranquille to be quiet

• tiens-toi tranquille keep still

• se tenir mal (à table) to have bad table manners ; (en société) to behave badly

• il n'a qu'à bien se tenir ! he'd better behave himself!

   d. ( = avoir lieu) [conférence, réunion] to be held ; [festival] to take place

   e. ( = être cohérent) [raisonnement] to hold together

• tout se tient it's all connected

   f. (locutions)

► tiens-toi bien ! wait till you hear the next bit!

• tu sais combien elle a gagné ? tiens-toi bien: 3 millions ! do you know how much she won? you won't believe it! - 3 million!► s'en tenir à ( = se limiter à) to confine o.s. to ; ( = se satisfaire de) to content o.s. with

• nous nous en tiendrons là pour aujourd'hui we'll leave it at that for today

• il aimerait savoir à quoi s'en tenir he'd like to know where he stands

• je sais à quoi m'en tenir sur son compte I know the sort of man he is► se tenir pour ( = se considérer comme)

il se tient pour responsable he holds himself responsible

• tenez-vous-le pour dit ! (avertissement) you've been warned!

* * *
təniʀ
1.

verbe transitif

1) ( serrer) to hold

tiens-moi ça — hold this (for me)

tenir quelqu'un par la main — to hold somebody's hand

tenir la rampe — to hold onto the banisters

tiens! — ( voici) here you are!; ( écoute-moi) look!

tiens! c'est pour toi — ( voici un cadeau) here, it's for you; ( voici une gifle) take that!

si je le tenais! — if I could get my hands on him!

bien tenir — to hold on to

2) ( avoir sous son contrôle) to keep [somebody] under control

il nous tient — he's got a hold on us

3) Armée to hold

4) ( avoir attrapé) to hold

je te tiens! — I've caught ou got you!

pendant que je te tiens — fig whilst I've got you

tenir une grippe — (colloq) to have flu GB ou the flu US

5) ( posséder) to have [renseignements]

de qui tenez-vous ce renseignement? — where did you get that information?

elle tient ses bijoux de sa mère — she inherited her jewels from her mother

6) ( avoir la charge de) to hold [emploi]; to run [boutique, maison, journal]; to be in charge of [standard, bureau d'accueil]

bien tenir sa maison — to keep one's house spick and span

tenir la comptabilité — to keep the books

7) ( garder) to keep

tenir quelqu'un occupé — to keep somebody busy

‘tenir hors de portée des enfants’ — ‘keep out of reach of children’

tenir une note — Musique to hold a note

8) ( conserver une position)

tenir sa tête droite — to hold one's head upright

tenir les yeux baissés — to keep one's eyes lowered

9) ( maintenir en place) to hold down [chargement]; to hold up [pantalon, chaussettes]

tenir la porte fermée avec son pied — to hold the door shut with one's foot

10) ( ne pas s'écarter de) to keep to [trajectoire]

11) ( résister)

tenir la mer — [navire] to be seaworthy

tenir le coup — (physiquement, moralement) to hold out

tenir le choc — [matériel] to withstand the impact; [personne] to stand the strain

12) ( contenir) to hold [quantité, litres]

13) ( occuper) [objet] to take up [espace, volume]; [personne] to hold [rôle, position]

14) ( considérer)

tenir quelqu'un/quelque chose pour responsable — to hold somebody/something responsible

je tiens mes renseignements pour exacts — I consider my information to be correct

tenir quelqu'un pour mort — to give somebody up for dead

tenir pour certain que — to regard it as certain that

2.

tenir à verbe transitif indirect

1) ( avoir de l'attachement pour)

tenir à — to be fond of, to like

tenir à sa réputation/à la vie — to value one's reputation/one's life

il tient à son argent — he can't bear to be parted from his money

tenir à son indépendance — to like one's independence

2) ( vouloir)

j'y tiens — I insist

tenir à faire — to want to do

je ne tiens pas à faire — I'd rather not do

tenir à ce que quelqu'un fasse — to insist that somebody should do

je ne tiens pas à ce qu'elle y aille — I'd rather she didn't go

je tiens beaucoup à la revoir — I'd really like to see her again

nous tenons absolument à vous avoir à dîner bientôt — you really must come to dinner soon

3) ( être dû à)

tenir à — to be due to

3.

tenir de verbe transitif indirect

1) ( ressembler à)

tenir de — to take after

il a de qui tenir — (colloq) you can (just) see who he takes after ou where he gets it from

de qui peut-elle tenir pour être si méchante? — where does she get her nastiness from?

2) ( s'apparenter à)

tenir de — to border on

4.

verbe intransitif

1) ( rester en place) [attache, corde, étagère, barrage, soufflé] to hold; [timbre, colle, sparadrap] to stick (à to); [assemblage, bandage] to stay in place; [coiffure] to stay tidy; [mise en plis] to stay in

ces chaussures ne me tiennent pas aux pieds — these shoes won't stay on my feet

2) ( résister)

tenir (bon) — ( surmonter les conditions) to hold out; ( refuser de capituler) gén to hang on; Armée to hold out; ( ne pas relâcher sa prise) [personne] to hang on

tenir sans cigarettes jusqu'à la fin de la réunion — to last without cigarettes till the end of the meeting

j'espère que ma voiture va tenir (bon) — I hope my car will last out

il n'y a pas de télévision qui tienne — (colloq) there's no question of watching television

3) ( durer)

le plan tient-il toujours? — is the plan still on?

la neige tient — the snow is settling

les fleurs n'ont pas tenu — the flowers didn't last long

la couleur n'a pas tenu — the colour [BrE] has faded

4) ( rester valable) [théorie, argument] to hold good; [alibi] to stand up

5) ( être contenu) [personnes, objets] to fit ( dans into)

faire tenir six personnes dans une voiture — to fit six people into a car

mon article tient en trois pages — my article takes up only three pages

tenir en hauteur/largeur/longueur — to be short enough/narrow enough/short enough ( dans for)

tenir en hauteur dans une pièce — to fit into a room (heightwise)

ne pas tenir en hauteur — to be too tall ( dans for)

5.

se tenir verbe pronominal

1) ( soi-même) to hold

se tenir la tête de douleur — to hold one's head in pain

2) ( l'un l'autre)

se tenir par le bras — to be arm in arm

ils se tenaient par la taille — they had their arms around each other's waists

se tenir par la main — to hold hands

3) ( s'accrocher) to hold on

se tenir par les pieds — to hold on with one's feet

tiens-toi or tenez-vous bien — (colloq) fig prepare yourself for a shock

4) ( demeurer)

se tenir accroupi/allongé — to be squatting/stretched out

se tenir sans bouger — to stay still

se tenir prêt — to be ready

se tenir tranquille — ( immobile) to keep still; ( silencieux) to keep quiet; ( dans la légalité) to behave oneself

se tenir immobile — ( debout) to stand still

5) ( se comporter) to behave

savoir se tenir — to know how to behave

tiens-toi bien! — behave yourself!

6) ( avoir une posture)

se tenir bien/mal — to have (a) good posture/(a) bad posture

tiens-toi droit! — ( debout) stand up straight!; ( assis) sit straight!

7) ( avoir lieu) [manifestation, exposition] to be held

8) ( être liés) [événements] to fit together

9) ( être cohérent) [raisonnement, œuvre] to hold together

ça se tient — it makes sense

10) ( se considérer)

se tenir pour — to consider oneself to be

tenez-vous le pour dit! — (colloq) I don't want to have to tell you again!

11) ( être fidèle)

s'en tenir à — to stand by

12) ( se limiter)

s'en tenir à — to keep to

s'en tenir aux ordres — to stick to orders

s'en tenir là — to leave it there

ne pas savoir à quoi s'en tenir avec — not to know what to make of

6.

verbe impersonnel

il ne tient qu'à toi de partir — it's up to you to decide whether to leave

qu'à cela ne tienne! — never mind!

7.

tiens exclamation oh!

tiens (donc), vous voilà! — oh, there you are!

tiens, vous croyez? — do you think so?

tiens donc! — iron fancy that!

tiens tiens (tiens)! — well, well!

* * *
t(ə)niʀ
1. vt

1) (avec sa main) to hold

Tu peux tenir la lampe, s'il te plaît? — Can you hold the torch, please?

Il tenait un enfant par la main. — He was holding a child by the hand.

2) (= gérer) [magasin, hôtel] to run

tenir les comptes — to keep the books

tenir un rôle — to play a part

3) [promesse, engagement] to keep

4) (= considérer)

tenir qn pour — to take sb for

5) (= occuper)

tenir de la place — to take up space

6) (= résister à)

tenir l'alcool — to be able to hold a drink

tenir le coup — to hold out

7) (= garder, maintenir)

tenir sa langue fig — to hold one's tongue

tenir au chaud — to keep hot

tenir à l'abri — to keep under cover

tenir prêt — to have ready

Tenez votre chien en laisse. — Keep your dog on the lead.

8) (= avoir reçu)

tenir qch de qn [histoire] — to have heard sth from sb, [qualité, défaut] to have inherited sth from sb, to have got sth from sb

2. vi

1) (= ne pas se défaire) [noeud, joint] to hold

2) (= ne pas disparaître) [neige, gel] to last

3) (= résister) (= survivre) to survive

tenir bon — to stand fast

tenir 3 jours — to last 3 days

4) (en donnant quelque chose)

tiens, voilà le stylo! — there's the pen!

5) (exclamatif)

Tiens, c'est Alain là-bas! — Look, that's Alain over there!

tiens? (surprise) — really?

6)

tenir à [ami, objet] — to be attached to, to care for

Il tient beaucoup à elle. — He's very attached to her., (= avoir pour cause) to be due to, to stem from, (= dépendre de)

ça ne tient qu'à lui — it is entirely up to him

tenir à faire — to really want to do, to be determined to do

Elle tient à y aller. — She's determined to go.

tenir à ce que qn fasse qch — to really want sb to do sth

7)

tenir de (= relever de) — to partake of, (= ressembler à) to take after

Il tient de son père. — He takes after his father.

* * *

tenir verb table: venir

A vtr

1 ( serrer) to hold [objet, personne, animal]; tiens-moi ça hold this (for me); tiens-moi hold me; tiens-moi la main hold my hand; tenir qn par la main/le bras to hold sb's hand/arm; tenir un enfant contre sa poitrine to hold a child to one's breast; tenir qch à la main/dans ses mains to hold sth in one's hand/in one's hands; tenir un couteau par le manche to hold a knife by the handle; tenir la rampe to hold onto the banister; tenir son chien to hold one's dog; tenir fermement qch to hold sth firmly ou tightly; tenir qch serré sous le bras to hold sth firmly ou tightly under one's arm; tiens!, tenez! ( voici) here you are!; ( écoutez-moi) look!; tiens! c'est pour toi ( voici un cadeau) here, it's for you; ( voici une gifle) take that!; si je le tenais! if I could get or lay my hands on him!; bien tenir to hold on to [portefeuille, chien]; faire tenir une lettre/un message à qn† to dispatch a letter/a message to sb; ⇒ deux;

2 ( avoir sous son contrôle) to keep [sb] under control [élèves, enfants]; tenir sa classe to control one's class well; tenir son cheval Équit to keep one's horse well in hand; il nous tient he's got a hold on us;

3 Mil (occuper, contrôler) to hold [colline, pont, ville]; tenir la première place Sport to be in first place;

4 ( avoir attrapé) to hold [animal, coupable, meurtrier]; je te tiens! I've caught ou got you!; pendant que je te tiens fig whilst I've got you; tenir une grippe○ to have flu GB ou the flu US;

5 ( posséder) to have [preuves, renseignements]; il tient le sujet de son prochain roman he's got the subject of his next novel; tenir qch de qn to get sth from sb [trait physique, caractère, information]; il tient ses yeux bleus de son père he gets his blue eyes from his father; il tient ses informations d'un ami he got his information from a friend; je tiens cette nouvelle de Paul I got this news from Paul; d'où or de qui tenez-vous ce renseignement? where did you get that information?; d'où tenez-vous cette certitude? what makes you so certain?; elle tient ses bijoux de sa mère she inherited her jewels from her mother;

6 ( avoir la charge de) to hold [emploi, poste, assemblée]; to run [café, boutique, maison, journal, municipalité]; to be in charge of, to be on duty on [standard, bureau d'accueil]; bien tenir sa maison to keep one's house spick and span; tenir la comptabilité to keep the books;

7 ( garder) to keep; tenir qn occupé to keep sb busy; tenir sa chambre propre to keep one's room tidy; tenir les aliments au frais to keep food in a cool place; ‘tenir hors de portée des enfants’ ‘keep out of reach of children’; tenir un accord secret to keep an agreement secret; tenir la porte fermée to keep the door closed; tenir une note Mus to hold a note; tenir un article† to carry an item; tenir les cours† Fin to maintain prices;

8 ( conserver une position) tenir sa tête droite/immobile to hold one's head upright/still; tenir les bras écartés to hold one's arms apart; tenir les mains/les bras en l'air to hold up one's hands/one's arms; tenir les yeux ouverts/baissés to keep one's eyes open/lowered; tenir les poings serrés to keep one's fists clenched;

9 ( maintenir en place) to hold down [chargement]; to hold up [pantalon, chaussettes]; tenir la porte fermée avec son pied to hold the door shut with one's foot;

10 ( ne pas s'écarter de) to keep to [trajectoire]; to keep [rythme] ; tenir sa droite/sa gauche to keep to the right/to the left; tenir le large to stay in open waters;

11 ( résister) ne pas tenir la comparaison not to bear comparison; tenir l'eau to be waterproof; tenir la mer [navire] to be seaworthy; tenir le coup (physiquement, moralement) to hold out; tenir le choc lit [matériel, appareil, verre] to withstand the impact; [personne] to stand the strain;

12 ( contenir) to hold [quantité]; tenir vingt litres to hold twenty litres^GB; ma voiture ne tient que deux personnes there's room for only two people in my car;

13 ( occuper) [objet] to take up [espace, place, volume]; [personne] to hold [rôle, position]; tenir peu de place not to take up much room; tenir la place de deux personnes to take up as much room as two people; le monument tient le centre de la place the monument stands in the centre^GB of the square;

14 ( considérer) tenir qch pour sacré to hold sth sacred; tenir qn pour responsable to hold sb responsible; je le tiens pour un lâche I consider him (to be) a coward; je tiens mes renseignements pour exacts I consider my information to be correct; tenir qn pour mort to give sb up for dead; tenir pour certain que to regard it as certain that.

B tenir à vtr ind

1 ( avoir de l'attachement pour) tenir à to be fond of, to like [personne, objet]; tenir à sa réputation/à la vie to value one's reputation/one's life; il tient à son argent he can't bear to be parted from his money; tenir à son indépendance to like one's independence; tenir au corps [aliment] to be nourishing;

2 ( vouloir) j'y tiens I insist; si vous y tenez if you insist; tenir à faire to want to do; elle tient à vous parler she insists on speaking to you; je ne tiens pas à faire I'd rather not do; tenir à ce que qn fasse to insist that sb should do; je ne tiens pas à ce qu'elle fasse I'd rather she didn't do; je tiens beaucoup à la revoir I'd really like to see her again; il tient à rentrer avant la nuit he's anxious to get home before dark; nous tenons absolument à vous avoir à dîner bientôt you really must come to dinner soon; ne reste pas si tu n'y tiens pas don't stay if you don't want to;

3 ( être dû à) tenir à to be due to; la mauvaise récolte tient au manque d'eau the poor harvest is due to a lack of water; tes erreurs tiennent à ton inexpérience your mistakes are due to your lack of experience.

C tenir de vtr ind

1 ( ressembler à) tenir de to take after; tenir de sa mère/son père to take after one's mother/one's father; il a de qui tenir○ you can (just) see who he takes after ou where he gets it from; de qui peut-elle tenir pour être si méchante? where does she get her nastiness from?;

2 ( s'apparenter à) tenir de to border on; tenir du délire to border on madness.

D vi

1 ( rester en place) [clou, attache, corde, étagère, barrage, soufflé] to hold; [timbre, colle, sparadrap] to stick; [assemblage, bandage] to stay in place; [coiffure] to stay tidy; [mise en plis] to stay in; tenir au mur avec de la colle/des épingles ( adhérer) to stick to the wall with glue/pins; tenir sur une jambe/un pied to stand on one leg/one foot; ces chaussures ne me tiennent pas aux pieds these shoes won't stay on my feet;

2 ( résister) tenir (bon) ( surmonter les conditions) [personne, matériel] to hold out; ( refuser de capituler) gén to hang on, to hold out; Mil to hold out; ( ne pas relâcher sa prise) [personne] to hang on; tenir sans cigarettes jusqu'à la fin de la réunion to last ou go without cigarettes till the end of the meeting; tenir jusqu'à la fin de la réunion to hold out until the end of the meeting; tenir économiquement to hold ou last out in economic terms; j'espère que ma voiture va tenir (bon) I hope my car will last out; on a voulu me renvoyer mais j'ai tenu (bon) they wanted to fire me but I hung on; je ne peux plus (y) tenir I can't stand it any longer; il n'y a pas de télévision qui tienne○ there's no question of watching television;

3 ( durer) le plan tient-il toujours? is the plan still on?; leur mariage tient encore their marriage is still holding together; le soleil n'a pas tenu longtemps the sun didn't last long; la neige tient/ne tient pas the snow is settling/is not settling; les fleurs n'ont pas tenu the flowers didn't last long; la couleur n'a pas tenu the colour^GB has faded; tenir au lavage [couleur] not to run in the wash GB ou laundry US;

4 ( rester valable) [théorie, argument] to hold good; ton alibi ne tient plus your alibi no longer stands up; ‘ça tient toujours pour demain?’ ‘is it still all right for tomorrow?’;

5 ( être contenu) [personnes, véhicule, meubles, objets] to fit (dans into); mes vêtements tiendront dans une valise my clothes will fit into one suitcase; tenir à six dans une voiture to fit six into a car; faire tenir six personnes dans une voiture to fit six people into a car; mon article tient en trois pages my article takes up only three pages; tenir en hauteur/largeur/longueur to be short enough/narrow enough/short enough (dans for); tenir en hauteur dans une pièce to fit into a room (heightwise); ne pas tenir en hauteur/largeur/longeur to be too tall/wide/long (dans for); ne pas tenir en largeur dans un espace to be too wide for a space.

E se tenir vpr

1 ( soi-même) [personne] to hold [tête, ventre, bras]; se tenir la tête de douleur to hold one's head in pain; se tenir la tête à deux mains to hold one's head in one's hands;

2 ( l'un l'autre) se tenir par le bras [personnes] to be arm in arm; ils se tenaient par la taille they had their arms around each other's waists; se tenir par la main [personnes] to hold hands;

3 ( s'accrocher) to hold on; se tenir par les pieds to hold on with one's feet; se tenir à une branche/à la rampe to hold onto a branch/onto the banisters; se tenir d'une main à qch to hold onto sth with one hand; tiens-toi or tenez-vous bien○ fig prepare yourself for a shock;

4 ( demeurer) se tenir accroupi/allongé/penché/courbé/à genoux to be squatting/stretched out/leaning/bent over/kneeling; se tenir au milieu/à la porte ( debout) to be standing in the middle/at the door; se tenir caché/sans bouger/au chaud to stay hidden/still/in the warm; se tenir prêt to be ready; se tenir tranquille ( immobile) to keep still; ( silencieux) to keep quiet; ( dans la légalité) to behave oneself; se tenir immobile ( debout) to stand still;

5 ( se comporter) to behave; se tenir bien/mal to behave well/badly; savoir se tenir to know how to behave; tiens-toi bien! behave yourself!;

6 ( avoir une posture) se tenir droit or bien/mal to have (a) good posture/(a) bad posture; tiens-toi droit! ( debout) stand up straight!; ( assis) sit straight!;

7 ( avoir lieu) [manifestation, exposition] to be held; la réunion se tiendra au Caire the meeting will be held in Cairo;

8 ( être liés) [événements] to fit together;

9 ( être cohérent) [exposé, raisonnement, œuvre] to hold together; il n'y a rien à dire, tout se tient there's nothing to be said, it all holds together; ça se tient it makes sense;

10 ( se considérer) se tenir pour to consider oneself to be; je me tiens pour satisfait des résultats I consider myself to be satisfied with the results; tenez-vous le pour dit○! I don't want to have to tell you again!;

11 ( être fidèle) s'en tenir à to stand by; je m'en tiendrai à ma promesse/notre accord/leur décision I will stand by my promise/our agreement/their decision;

12 ( se limiter) s'en tenir à to keep to; s'en tenir au minimum/au sujet to keep to a minimum/to the point; s'en tenir aux ordres to stick to orders; s'en tenir là to leave it there; ne pas savoir à quoi s'en tenir avec qn/qch not to know what to make of sb/sth.

F v impers il ne tient qu'à toi de partir it's up to you to decide whether to leave; qu'à cela ne tienne! never mind!

G tiens excl oh!; tiens (donc), vous voilà! oh, there you are!; tiens, je parie que c'est ta mère! oh! I bet it's your mother; tiens, vous croyez? do you think so?; tiens, tu es invité aussi? oh! so you've been invited as well?; tiens, tu n'étais pas au courant? didn't you know?; tiens donc! iron fancy that!; tiens tiens (tiens)! well, well!

Idiome

en tenir pour qn to have a crush on sb.

[tənir] verbe transitif

A.[AVOIR DANS LES MAINS]

1. [retenir] to hold (on to)

tenir la main de quelqu'un to hold somebody's hand

je tenais mal la bouteille et elle m'a échappé I wasn't holding the bottle tightly enough and it slipped

2. [manier] to hold

tu tiens mal ta raquette/ton arc you're not holding your racket/your bow properly

B.[CONSERVER]

1. [maintenir - dans une position] to hold, to keep ; [ - dans un état] to keep

enlève les vis qui tiennent le panneau undo the screws which hold the panel in place

tiens-lui la porte, il est chargé hold the door open for him, he's got his hands full

tenez-lui la tête hors de l'eau hold her head above the water

elle tient ses chiens attachés she keeps her dogs tied up

tenir chaud to keep warm

je veux une robe qui tienne chaud I'd like a warm dress

tenez-le prêt (à partir) make sure he's ready (to leave)

2. [garder - note] to hold

tenir l'accord to stay in tune

‘tenez votre droite’

a. [sur la route] ‘keep (to the) right’

b. [sur un Escalator] ‘keep to the right’

3. (vieilli) [conserver - dans un lieu] to keep

4. (Belgique) [collectionner] to collect

C.[POSSÉDER]

1. [avoir reçu]

tenir quelque chose de quelqu'un [par hérédité] to get something from somebody

les propriétés que je tenais de ma mère [par héritage] the properties I'd inherited from my mother

2. [avoir capturé] to have caught, to have got hold of

[avoir à sa merci] to have got

ah, ah, petit coquin, je te tiens! got you, you little devil!

si je tenais celui qui a défoncé ma portière! just let me get ou lay my hands on whoever smashed in my car door!

elle m'a tenu une heure avec ses histoires de divorce I had to listen to her going on about her divorce for a whole hour

pendant que je vous tiens (au téléphone), pourrais-je vous demander un service? since I'm speaking to you (on the phone), may I ask you a favour?

3. [détenir - indice, information, preuve] to have ; [ - contrat] to have, to have won ; [ - réponse, solution] to have (found) ou got

je crois que je tiens un scoop! I think I've got a scoop!

tenir quelque chose de [l'apprendre] to have (got) something from

il a eu des troubles psychologiques — de qui tenez-vous cela? he's had psychological problems — who told you that?

nous tenons de source sûre/soviétique que... we have it on good authority/we hear from Soviet sources that...

tenir quelque chose de [le tirer de]: je tiens mon autorité de l'État I derive my power from the state

qu'est-ce que je tiens comme rhume! (familier) I've got a stinking (UK) ou horrible cold!

elle en tient une couche! (familier) she's as thick as two short planks (UK), what a dumb bell! (US)

il en tient une bonne ce soir (familier) he's had a skinful (UK) ou he's three sheets to the wind tonight

qu'est-ce qu'il tient!

a. (familier) [il est stupide] what a twit (UK) ou blockhead!

b. [il est ivre] he's really plastered!

c. [il est enrhumé] he's got a stinking (UK) ou horrible cold!

4. [transmettre]

nous vous ferons tenir une copie des documents (soutenu) we will make sure you receive a copy of the documents

D.[CONTRÔLER, AVOIR LA RESPONSABILITÉ DE]

1. [avoir prise sur, dominer] to hold

quand la colère le tient, il peut être dangereux he can be dangerous when he's angry

la jalousie le tenait jealousy had him in its grip, he was gripped by jealousy

ce rhume me tient depuis deux semaines I've had this cold for two weeks

MILITAIRE to control

[avoir de l'autorité sur - classe, élève] to (keep under) control

2. [diriger, s'occuper de - commerce, maison, hôtel] to run ; [ - comptabilité, registre] to keep

tenir la caisse to be at the cash desk, to be the cashier

elle tient la rubrique artistique à "Madame" she has a regular Arts column in "Madame"

le soir, il tenait le bar at night he used to serve behind the bar

tenir la marque JEUX & SPORT to keep score

3. [donner - assemblée, conférence, séance] to hold, to have

le tribunal tiendra audience dans le nouveau bâtiment the court hearings will be held in the new building

4. [prononcer - discours] to give ; [ - raisonnement] to have ; [ - langage] to use

il me tint à peu près ce langage La Fontaine (allusion) here's roughly what he said to me

tenir des propos désobligeants/élogieux to make offensive/appreciative remarks

comment peux-tu tenir un tel raisonnement? how can you possibly think this way?

5. [astreint à]

être tenu à quelque chose: être tenu au secret professionnel to be bound by professional secrecy

nous sommes tenus à la discrétion we're obliged to be very discreet

je me sens tenu de la prévenir I feel morally obliged ou duty-bound to warn her

6. THÉÂTRE [rôle] to play, to have

tenir un rôle dans (figuré) to play a part in

7. ÉQUITATION [cheval] to keep in hand

E.[EXPRIME UNE MESURE]

1. [occuper] to take up (separable), to occupy

le fauteuil tient trop de place the armchair takes up too much room

tenir une place importante to have ou to hold an important place

2. [contenir] to hold

F.[ÊTRE CONSTANT DANS]

1. [résister à] (to be able) to take

il tient l'alcool he can take (especially UK) ou hold his drink

tenir le coup

a. (familier) [assemblage, vêtements] to hold out

b. [digue] to hold (out)

c. [personne] (to be able) to take it

le soir, je ne tiens pas le coup I can't take late nights

tenir la route [véhicule] to have good road-holding (UK), to hold the road well

ton raisonnement ne tient pas la route (figuré) your argument doesn't stand up to scrutiny

2. [respecter] to keep to, to stand by, to uphold

tenir une promesse to keep ou to fulfil a promise

[s'engager dans - pari]

je tiens la gageure ou le pari! I'll take up the challenge!

tenu!, je tiens! JEUX you're on!

G.[CONSIDÉRER] (soutenu) to hold, to consider

tenir quelqu'un/quelque chose pour to consider somebody/something to be, to look upon somebody/something as

————————

[tənir] verbe intransitif

1. [rester en position - attache] to hold ; [ - chignon] to stay up, to hold ; [ - bouton, trombone] to stay on ; [ - empilement, tas] to stay up

tenir en place to stay in place

mets du gel, tes cheveux tiendront mieux use gel, your hair'll hold its shape better

la porte du placard ne tient pas fermée the cupboard door won't stay shut

tout ça tient avec de la colle all this is held together with glue

le porridge vous tient au corps ou à l'estomac porridge keeps you going

faire tenir quelque chose avec de la colle/des clous to glue/to nail something into position

tenir à

a. [être fixé à] to be fixed on ou to

b. [être contigu à] to be next to

[personne]

il ne tient pas encore bien sur sa bicyclette/ses skis/ses jambes he's not very steady on his bike/his skis/his legs yet

je ne tiens plus sur mes jambes [de fatigue] I can hardly stand up any more

cet enfant ne tient pas sur sa chaise this child can't sit still ou is always fidgeting in his chair

elle ne tient pas en place she can't sit still

2. [résister - union] to last, to hold out ; [ - chaise, vêtements] to hold ou to last out ; [ - digue] to hold out ; [ - personne] to hold ou to last out

je ne tiens plus au soleil, je rentre I can't stand the sun any more, I'm going in

le cœur ne tiendra pas his heart won't take it

tes arguments ne tiendront pas longtemps face à la réalité your arguments won't hold for very long when faced with reality

tenir bon ou ferme

a. [s'agripper] to hold firm ou tight

b. [ne pas céder] to hold out

tenez bon, les secours arrivent hold ou hang on, help's on its way

il me refusait une augmentation, mais j'ai tenu bon he wouldn't give me a rise but I held out ou stood my ground

le dollar tient toujours bon the dollar is still holding firm

ne pas y tenir, ne (pas) pouvoir y tenir: n'y tenant plus, je l'appelai au téléphone unable to stand it any longer, I phoned him

ça sent si bon le chocolat, je ne vais pas pouvoir y tenir there's such a gorgeous smell of chocolate, I just won't be able to resist it

3. [durer, ne pas s'altérer - fleurs] to keep, to last ; [ - tissu] to last (well) ; [ - beau temps] to last, to hold out ; [ - bronzage] to last ; [ - neige] to settle, to stay

aucun parfum ne tient sur moi perfumes don't stay on me

4. [être valable, être d'actualité - offre, pari, rendez-vous] to stand ; [ - promesse] to hold

ça tient toujours pour demain? is it still on for tomorrow?

il n'y a pas de... qui tienne: il n'y a pas de congé qui tienne there's no question of having leave

il n'y a pas de "mais ma tante" qui tienne, tu vas te coucher! there's no "but Auntie" about it, off to bed with you!

5. [pouvoir être logé] to fit

le compte rendu tient en une page the report takes up one page

tenir en hauteur/largeur (dans) to fit vertically/widthwise (in)

on tient facilement à cinq dans la barque the boat sits five in comfort

son histoire tient en peu de mots his story can be summed up in a few words

6. (locution)

en tenir pour quelqu'un (familier) to have a crush on somebody

en tenir pour quelque chose

a. (familier) [aimer] to be hooked on something

b. [ne considérer que] to stick to something

elle en tient vraiment pour l'hypothèse de l'assassinat she seems convinced it was murder

tiens, tenez [en donnant quelque chose] here

tiens, tenez [pour attirer l'attention, pour insister]: tiens, le tonnerre gronde listen, it's thundering

tiens, rends-toi utile here, make yourself useful

tenez, je ne vous ferai même pas payer l'électricité look, I won't even charge you for the electricity

s'il est intéressé par le salaire? tiens, bien sûr que oui! is he interested in the salary? you bet he is!

tiens, tenez [exprime la surprise, l'incrédulité]: tiens, Bruno! que fais-tu ici? (hello) Bruno, what are you doing here?

tiens, je n'aurais jamais cru ça de lui well, well, I'd never have expected it of him

elle a refusé? tiens donc! (familier & ironique) she said no? you amaze me! ou surprise, surprise!

un tiens vaut mieux que deux tu l'auras (proverbe) a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush (proverbe)

————————

tenir à verbe plus préposition

1. [être attaché à - personne] to care for, to be very fond of ; [ - objet] to be attached to ; [ - réputation] to care about ; [ - indépendance, liberté] to value

si tu tiens à la vie... if you value your life...

2. [vouloir]

tenir à faire quelque chose to be eager to do ou to be keen on doing something

je tiens à être présent à la signature du contrat I insist on being there when the contract is signed

tu veux lui parler? — je n'y tiens pas vraiment would you like to talk to him? — not really ou not particularly

tenir à ce que: je tiens à ce qu'ils aient une bonne éducation I'm most concerned that they should have a good education

tiens-tu à ce que cela se sache? do you really want it to become known?

je voudrais t'aider — je n'y tiens pas I'd like to help you — I'd rather you didn't

venez dîner, j'y tiens absolument! come and have dinner, I insist!

3. [résulter de] to stem ou to result from, to be due to, to be caused by

le bonheur tient parfois à peu de chose sometimes it's the little things that give people the most happiness

à quoi ça tient? (familier) what's the reason for it?, what's it due to?

qu'à cela ne tienne never mind, fear not (humoristique)

4. (tournure impersonnelle) [être du ressort de]

il ne tient qu'à toi de mettre fin à ce désordre it's entirely up to you to sort out this shambles

s'il ne tenait qu'à moi if it was up to me ou my decision

————————

tenir de verbe plus préposition

1. [ressembler à] to take after

ce chien tient à la fois de l'épagneul et du setter this dog is a sort of cross between a spaniel and a setter

elle est vraiment têtue/douée — elle a de qui tenir! she's so stubborn/gifted — it runs in the family!

2. [relever de]

sa guérison tient du miracle his recovery is something of a miracle

des propos qui tiennent de l'injure remarks verging on the insulting

————————

se tenir verbe pronominal (emploi réciproque)

ils marchaient en se tenant la main they were walking hand in hand

se tenir par le cou/la taille to have one's arms round each other's shoulders/waists

————————

se tenir verbe pronominal (emploi passif)

[se dérouler - conférence] to be held, to take place ; [ - festival, foire] to take place

le festival se tient en plusieurs endroits there are several venues for the festival

————————

se tenir verbe pronominal transitif

se tenir la tête à deux mains to hold ou to clutch one's head in one's hands

————————

se tenir verbe pronominal intransitif

1. [se retenir] to hold on (tight)

se tenir à

a. to hold on to

b. [fortement] to cling to, to clutch, to grip

2. [se trouver - en position debout] to stand, to be standing ; [ - en position assise] to sit, to be sitting ou seated

se tenir (légèrement) en retrait to stand back (slightly)

se tenir debout to be standing (up)

se tenir droit

a. [debout] to stand up straight

b. [assis] to sit up straight

tiens-toi mieux sur ta chaise sit properly on your chair

c'est parce que tu te tiens mal que tu as mal au dos you get backaches because of bad posture

se tenir aux aguets to be on the lookout, to watch out

se tenir coi to remain silent

3. [se conduire] to behave

bien se tenir to behave oneself

mal se tenir to behave oneself badly

4. [être cohérent]

se tenir (bien)

a. [argumentation, intrigue] to hold together, to stand up

b. [raisonnement] to hold water, to hold together

je voudrais trouver un alibi qui se tienne I'm looking for a plausible excuse

[coïncider - indices, événements] to hang together, to be linked

5. (locution)

s'en tenir à: tenez-vous-en aux ordres confine yourself to carrying out orders

d'abord ingénieur puis directrice d'usine, elle ne s'en est pas tenue là she started out as an engineer, then became a factory manager, but she didn't stop there

je ne m'en tiendrai pas à ses excuses I won't be content with a mere apology from him

ne pas se tenir de [joie, impatience] to be beside oneself with

on ne se tenait plus de rire we were in absolute fits (of laughter)

tiens-toi bien, tenez-vous bien: ils ont détourné, tiens-toi bien, deux millions d'euros! they embezzled, wait for it, 2 million euros!

elle a battu le record, tenez-vous bien, de plus de deux secondes! she broke the previous record and by over two seconds, would you believe!

————————

se tenir pour verbe pronominal plus préposition

1. [se considérer comme]

je ne me tiens pas encore pour battu I don't reckon I'm ou I don't consider myself defeated yet

se tenir pour satisfait to feel satisfied

je ne me tiens pas pour un génie I don't regard myself as ou think of myself as ou consider myself a genius

2. (locution)

je ne supporterai pas tes insolences, tiens-le-toi pour dit! I'll say this only once, I won't put up with your rudeness!

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > tenir

5 primo

1. adj first

primo piano m first floor

in prima visione film just out

2. m, prima f first

ai primi del mese at the beginning of the month

sulle prime in the beginning, at first

3. m gastronomy first course, starter

* * *

primo agg.num.ord.

1 first: il primo mese dell'anno, giorno della settimana, the first month of the year, day of the week; è il suo primo figlio, he's her first son; il suo primo libro è stato un successo, his first book was a success; è sul primo scaffale a destra, it's on the first shelf on the right; è sul primo scaffale in alto, in basso, it's on the top, the bottom shelf // Atto I, Scena II, Act one, Scene two // Carlo primo, Elisabetta prima, re Enrico primo, Charles the First, Elizabeth the First, King Henry the First // di prima mano, firsthand // di prim'ordine, first-class (o first-rate): un mascalzone di prim'ordine, a first-class scoundrel // un diamante, una perla di prim'acqua, di prima purezza, a diamond, a pearl of the first water // in primo luogo, in the first place (o first of all) // in un primo tempo, at first // per prima cosa, first thing: fallo per prima cosa domani, do it first thing tomorrow; per prima cosa gli ho chiesto..., first I asked him... // sulle prime, at first // è la prima e l'ultima volta che ti do retta, this is the first and last time I'll pay attention to you

2 ( principale, più importante) chief, principal, main; ( migliore) best: i primi cittadini del paese, the leading (o first) citizens of the country; appartiene a una delle prime famiglie della città, he belongs to one of the most prominent families in town; è uno dei primi ristoranti, it's one of the best restaurants; ecco la ragione prima per cui non vengo, that's the main (o chief o principal) reason why I don't come // (teatr.): prima donna, leading lady; ( d'opera) prima donna; prima parte, lead; leading rôle (anche fig.) // primo violino, violoncello, first violin (o leader), first cello // Primo Ministro, Prime Minister (o Premier)

3 ( iniziale; più lontano nel tempo) early, first: i primi Cristiani, the early Christians; i primi giorni della rivoluzione, the early days of the revolution; la prima infanzia, giovinezza, early childhood, youth; le prime leggende, the earliest (o first) legends; le prime ore del mattino, the early hours of the morning; la prima parte dell'anno, del secolo, the early part of the year, of the century; fin dalla sua prima infanzia, from a very early age; nei primi mesi dell'anno, in the early months of the year; i nostri primi poeti, our early poets; uno dei primi Vittoriani, an early Victorian // di primo mattino, pomeriggio, early in the morning, in the afternoon

4 ( prossimo) next: glielo porterò la prima volta che andrò da lui, I'll take it to him the next time I go to his house; ho perso il treno delle dieci; prenderò il primo treno in partenza, I have missed the ten o'clock train; I'll get the next one.

primo s.m.

1 ( primo di una graduatoria o serie) first: chi è arrivato ( per) primo?, who arrived first?; chi è il primo?, who is first?; ti riceverò per primo domani, I'll see you first tomorrow // primo venuto, just anybody: non si deve accordare fiducia al primo venuto, you can't trust just anybody (o strangers); non sono il primo venuto, I'm not just anybody (o a stranger) // il primo che capita, (just) anyone; lo venderò al primo che capita, I'll sell it to the first person who comes along

2 (il primo citato, nominato) ( tra due) the former; ( tra molti) the first: Piero e Giovanni sono amici; il primo è avvocato, il secondo dottore, Peter and John are friends; the former is a lawyer, the latter is a doctor; ''Preferisci Virgilio, Orazio o Lucrezio?'' ''Preferisco il primo'', ''Do you prefer Virgil, Horace or Lucretius?'' ''I prefer the first''

3 ( più importante; migliore) the best; the top: è dei primi, he is one of the best; essere il primo della classe, to be top of the form

4 ( il primo giorno) the first; pl. first days: il primo di febbraio, di marzo, 1st February, 1st March; ci rivedremo ai primi di dicembre, we'll meet again at the beginning of December; il pagamento va effettuato entro i primi di aprile, payment is due within the first days of April // ai primi dell'Ottocento, in the early nineteenth century

5 ( primo piatto) first course: prendo solo un primo, I'll just have a first course; come primi oggi abbiamo..., the first course today includes...

6 ( minuto primo) minute: 2 ore, 20 primi e 10 secondi, two hours, twenty minutes and ten seconds.

primo avv. first: quell'appartamento non mi piace, primo perché è troppo grande e poi perché è rumoroso, I don't like that flat, first because it's too big and then because it's noisy.

* * *
['primo] primo (-a)
1. agg

1) (gen) first, (impressione) first, initial, (infanzia) early, (Mat : numero) prime

le prime 20 pagine — the first 20 pages

dalla prima all'ultima pagina — from beginning to end

in prima pagina Stampa; i suoi primi quadri — his early paintings

questo quadro è un Michelangelo prima maniera — this is an early Michelangelo

questo film è di Fellini prima maniera — this film is in Fellini's early style

di prima mattina — early in the morning

le prime ore del mattino — the early hours of the morning

posare la prima pietra — to lay the foundation stone

ai primi freddi — at the first sign of cold weather

ustioni di primo grado — first-degree burns

2) (in un ordine) first

preferisco il primo pittore al secondo — I prefer the former painter to the latter

essere primo in classifica — (squadra) to be top of the league, (disco) to be number one in the charts

essere in prima posizione — to be in the lead

sul primo scaffale in alto/in basso — on the top/bottom shelf

prima classe — first class

un biglietto di prima classe — a first class ticket

viaggiare in prima classe — to travel first-class

di prim'ordine o prima qualità — first-class, first-rate

è un attore di prim'ordine — he is a first-rate actor

3) (prossimo) first, next

prendi la prima (strada) a destra — take the first o next (street) on the right

scendo alla prima fermata — I am getting off at the next stop

4) (principale) main, principal

il primo attore — the leading man

la causa prima — the main reason

5)

(fraseologia) per prima cosa — firstly

in primo luogo — in the first place, first of all

in un primo tempo o momento — at first

fin dal primo momento — from the very first

amore a prima vista — love at first sight

fare i primi passi — to take one's first steps

fare il primo passo fig — to make the first move

2. sm/f

first (one)

è stata la prima a farlo — she was the first to do it

fu tra i primi ad arrivare — he was among the first to arrive

è la prima della classe — she is the top of the class

non sposerò il primo venuto — I won't marry just anyone

3. sm

(gen) first, (piano) first floor Brit, second floor Am, Culin first course

il primo luglio — the first of July

il primo d'Aprile — April Fools' Day

il primo dell'anno — New Year's Day

i primi del Novecento — the early twentieth century

ai primi del mese — at the beginning of the month

ai primi di maggio — at the beginning of May

* * *
['primo] 1.
aggettivo

1) (in una serie, in un gruppo) first; (tra due) former

le -e tre pagine — the first three pages, the three first pages

i -i gradini della scala — the first few steps of the stairs

"libro primo" — "book one"

arrivare primo — (in una gara) to come (in) o finish first

essere tra i -i tre — to be in the top three

il primo esercizio è semplice, il secondo è complesso — the former exercise is simple, the latter is complex

per la -a volta — for the first time

non era la -a volta che lo avvertivo che — I warned him not for the first time

lo incontrai a Oxford per la -a volta — I first met him in Oxford

per -a cosa domani telefono — I'll ring first thing tomorrow

- a pagina — front page

finire in -a pagina — to hit the headlines

essere una notizia da -a pagina — to be front page news

2) (nel tempo) early

nel primo pomeriggio — in the early afternoon, early in the afternoon

i -i romanzi dell'autore — the author's early novels

un Picasso -a maniera — an early Picasso, an example of Picasso's early work

nei -i tempi andava tutto bene — at first things went well

nei -i anni '60 — in the early 60's

3) (prossimo) first, next

scendere alla -a fermata — to get off at the next stop

prendere il primo treno, volo — to leave on the first train, flight

4) (per superiorità)

il primo produttore mondiale di vino — the world leading wine producer

5) ling.

-a persona singolare, plurale — first person singular, plural

6) (nelle parentele)

cugino primo — first cousin

7) telev.

il primo canale — channel one

8) in primo luogo to begin with, firstly, in the first instance o place

in primo luogo non avrei dovuto dirglielo — I wish I hadn't told her to begin with

9) sulle prime at first, initially

10) in primo piano in the foreground

mettere qcs. in primo piano — to bring sth. to the fore, to foreground sth., to bring sth. into sharp focus
2.
sostantivo maschile (f. -a)

1) (in una successione) first; (tra due) former

sei il primo a dirmelo — you are the first to tell me

fu tra i -i ad arrivare — he was one of o among the first to arrive

preferisco il primo — I prefer the first one

il primo dei miei figli — (tra due) my elder son; (tra più di due) my eldest son

2) (in una classifica) first

essere il primo della classe — to be top of the class

3) (giorno iniziale) first

il primo (di) maggio — the first of May

ai — -

i del mese — at the beginning of the month

il primo dell'anno — New Year's Day

4) (minuto primo) minute

5) (prima portata) first course

6) telev. (canale) channel one

7) per primo first

arrivare per primo — to get there first
3.
avverbio first

ci sono due ragioni: primo... — there are two reasons: first...

non ci andrò, primo perché non ho tempo e poi perché non ho voglia — I'm not going first because I'm busy and then because I don't feel like it

primo attore — teatr. principal

primo ballerino — principal dancer

- a comunione — First Communion

primo ministro — prime minister, premier

primo violino — first o lead violin

* * *

primo

/'primo/ ⇒ 26

I aggettivo

1 (in una serie, in un gruppo) first; (tra due) former; le -e tre pagine the first three pages, the three first pages; i -i gradini della scala the first few steps of the stairs; "libro primo" "book one"; arrivare primo (in una gara) to come (in) o finish first; essere tra i -i tre to be in the top three; il primo esercizio è semplice, il secondo è complesso the former exercise is simple, the latter is complex; per la -a volta for the first time; non era la -a volta che lo avvertivo che I warned him not for the first time; lo incontrai a Oxford per la -a volta I first met him in Oxford; per -a cosa domani telefono I'll ring first thing tomorrow; - a pagina front page; finire in -a pagina to hit the headlines; essere una notizia da -a pagina to be front page news

2 (nel tempo) early; nel primo pomeriggio in the early afternoon, early in the afternoon; i -i romanzi dell'autore the author's early novels; un Picasso -a maniera an early Picasso, an example of Picasso's early work; nei -i tempi andava tutto bene at first things went well; nei -i anni '60 in the early 60's

3 (prossimo) first, next; scendere alla -a fermata to get off at the next stop; prendere il primo treno, volo to leave on the first train, flight

4 (per superiorità) il primo produttore mondiale di vino the world leading wine producer

5 ling. -a persona singolare, plurale first person singular, plural

6 (nelle parentele) cugino primo first cousin

7 telev. il primo canale channel one

8 in primo luogo to begin with, firstly, in the first instance o place; in primo luogo non avrei dovuto dirglielo I wish I hadn't told her to begin with

9 sulle prime at first, initially

10 in primo piano in the foreground; mettere qcs. in primo piano to bring sth. to the fore, to foreground sth., to bring sth. into sharp focus

II sostantivo maschile

(f. -a)

1 (in una successione) first; (tra due) former; sei il primo a dirmelo you are the first to tell me; fu tra i -i ad arrivare he was one of o among the first to arrive; preferisco il primo I prefer the first one; il primo dei miei figli (tra due) my elder son; (tra più di due) my eldest son

2 (in una classifica) first; essere il primo della classe to be top of the class

3 (giorno iniziale) first; il primo (di) maggio the first of May; ai- i del mese at the beginning of the month; il primo dell'anno New Year's Day

4 (minuto primo) minute

5 (prima portata) first course

6 telev. (canale) channel one

7 per primo first; arrivare per primo to get there first

III avverbio

first; ci sono due ragioni: primo... there are two reasons: first...; non ci andrò, primo perché non ho tempo e poi perché non ho voglia I'm not going first because I'm busy and then because I don't feel like it

COMPOUNDS

primo attore teatr. principal; primo ballerino principal dancer; - a comunione First Communion; primo ministro prime minister, premier; primo violino first o lead violin.

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > primo

6 de

de [də]

━━━━━━━━━

1. preposition

2. article

━━━━━━━━━

1. <

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► de + le = du ; de + les = des ; de becomes d' before a vowel or silent h.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Lorsque de fait partie d'une locution du type décider de, content de, de plus en plus, reportez-vous à l'autre mot.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

   a. (provenance) from

• s'échapper de to escape from

• il arrive du Japon he has just arrived from Japan

• nous recevons des amis du Canada we've got friends from Canada staying with us

• l'avion de Londres the plane from London

• je l'ai vu en sortant de la maison I saw him as I was coming out of the house

   b. (lieu) in

• les magasins de Londres the shops in London

• les voisins du 2^e étage the neighbours on the 2nd floor

   c. (destination) to

• l'avion de Bruxelles the plane to Brussels

• la route de Tours the road to Tours

   d. (appartenance) of

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Lorsque de sert à exprimer l'appartenance, il se traduit par of ; on préférera toutefois souvent le génitif lorsque le possesseur est une personne ou un animal.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• les oreilles du lapin the rabbit's ears

• la maison de David David's house

• la maison de notre ami our friend's house

• un ami de la famille a friend of the family

• un ami de mon père a friend of my father's

• la porte de la maison the door of the house

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Après un pluriel se terminant par un s, l'apostrophe s'utilise sans s.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• la maison de nos amis our friends' house

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► On ajoute cependant le 's après un nom commun se terminant par ss.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• la loge de l'actrice the actress's dressing-room

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Dans le cas où le possesseur est une chose, l'anglais supprime parfois le 's.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• le pied de la table the table leg

• le bouton de la porte the door knob

• les romanciers du 20^e siècle 20th-century novelists

   e. (contenu) of

• une bouteille de vin a bottle of wine

• une pincée de sel a pinch of salt

• une collection de timbres a collection of stamps

   f. (matière)

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► En anglais, un nom en apposition sert souvent à décrire la matière dont quelque chose est fait.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• un vase de cristal a crystal vase

• une table de chêne an oak table

   g. (qualité) un homme de goût a man of taste

• quelque chose de beau something lovely

• rien d'intéressant nothing interesting

   h. (agent) by

• un film de Fellini a Fellini film

• un concerto de Brahms a concerto by Brahms

• c'est de qui ? who is it by?

• ce poème n'est pas de moi I didn't write the poem

   i. ( = avec)

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Lorsque de signifie avec, au moyen de, à l'aide de, ou exprime la manière ou la cause, la traduction dépend du contexte ; reportez-vous à l'autre mot.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• il l'attrapa de la main gauche he caught it with his left hand

• marcher d'un pas lent to walk slowly

• rougir de honte to go red with embarrassment

• être fatigué de répéter to be tired of repeating

• couvert de boue covered in mud

   j. ( = par) il gagne 30 € de l'heure he earns 30 euros an hour

   k. ( = durant) de jour during the day

• de nuit during the night

• 3 heures du matin 3 o'clock in the morning

• je ne l'ai pas vu de la soirée I haven't seen him all evening

   l. (locutions) il y a deux verres de cassés there are two broken glasses

• j'ai une semaine de congé I've got a week's holiday

• il est d'une bêtise ! he's so stupid!

• tu as de ces idées ! you have the strangest ideas!

• le jour de Noël Christmas Day

• cette saleté de temps this rotten weather

• la ville de Paris the city of Paris

• le mois de juin the month of June

• une pièce de 6 m² a room 6 metres square

• un enfant de 5 ans a 5-year-old child

• un voyage de trois jours a three-day journey

• il y aura une attente de quelques heures you will have to wait a few hours

• un chèque de 100 € a cheque for 100 euros

• il est professeur d'anglais he's an English teacher

► de... à from... to

• de chez moi à la gare, il y a 5 km it's 5km from my house to the station

• du 2 au 7 mai from 2 to 7 May

• les enfants de 9 à 12 ans children from 9 to 12► de... en from... to

• il va de village en village he goes from village to village

• de jour en jour from day to day

• le nombre diminue d'année en année the number is decreasing every year

• nous allions de surprise en surprise we had one surprise after another

2. <

   a. (affirmation)

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► L'article de n'est souvent pas traduit mais il peut parfois être rendu par some.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• au déjeuner, nous avons eu du poulet we had chicken for lunch

• j'ai du travail à faire I've got work to do

• j'ai des voisins charmants I've got lovely neighbours

• boire de l'eau to drink water

• ils vendent des pommes they sell apples

• il mange des biscuits toute la journée he eats biscuits all day

• elle a de jolies mains she's got lovely hands

• il portait des lunettes he was wearing glasses

• il a joué du Chopin he played Chopin

• cela demande de la patience it takes patience

• c'est du vol ! that's robbery!

• j'ai acheté des pommes I bought some apples

   b. (interrogation, hypothèse)

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Dans les questions et les hypothèses, de soit ne se traduit pas, soit est rendu par any ou some.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• accepteriez-vous de l'argent liquide ? would you take cash?

• as-tu de l'argent ? have you got any money?

• as-tu rencontré des randonneurs ? did you meet any hikers?

• si tu achètes du vin, j'en prendrai aussi if you buy some wine, I'll buy some too

• s'il y a des problèmes if there are any problems

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Dans les offres polies, on utilise plus souvent some.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• tu veux de l'aide ? do you want any help? ; (plus poli) would you like some help?

• voulez-vous des œufs ? would you like some eggs?

• vous ne voulez vraiment pas de vin ? are you sure you don't want some wine?

   c. ► pas... de... not any... no...

• je n'ai pas acheté de pommes I didn't buy any apples

• je n'ai pas de voisins I haven't got any neighbours

• il n'y a pas de pain there isn't any bread there's no bread

* * *

(d' before vowel or mute h) də, d préposition

1) ( indiquant l'origine) from

le train de Bruxelles — the train from Brussels

il arrive du Japon — he's just come from Japan

à 20 mètres de là — 20 metres [BrE] from there

un enfant de mon premier mari — a child by my first husband

un vin de Grèce — ( rapporté de là-bas) a wine from Greece; ( fait là-bas) a Greek wine

né de parents immigrés — born of immigrant parents

il est de père italien — his father is Italian

de méfiant il est devenu paranoïaque — he went from being suspicious to being paranoid

2) ( indiquant la progression)

de...à, de...en — from...to

de 8 à 10 heures — from 8 to 10 (o'clock)

du matin au soir — from morning till night

d'heure en heure — from hour to hour

3) ( indiquant la destination) to

4) ( indiquant la cause)

mourir de soif — to die of thirst

pleurer de rage — to cry with rage

trembler de froid — to shiver with cold

5) ( indiquant la manière) in

parler d'un ton monocorde — to speak in a monotone

tirer de toutes ses forces — to pull with all one's might

6) ( indiquant le moyen) with

pousser quelque chose du pied — to push something aside with one's foot

vivre de saucisses — to live on sausages

7) ( indiquant l'agent) by

un poème de Victor Hugo — a poem by Victor Hugo

avoir un enfant de quelqu'un — to have a child by somebody

8) ( indiquant la durée)

travailler de nuit/de jour — to work at night/during the day

ne rien faire de la journée — to do nothing all day

9) (indiquant l'appartenance, la dépendance)

les chapeaux de Paul — Paul's hats

un élève du professeur Talbin — one of professor Talbin's students

l'immensité de la mer — the immensity of the sea

le toit de la maison — the roof of the house

la porte de la chambre — the bedroom door

le cadran du téléphone — the dial on the telephone

c'est bien de lui — it's just like him

10) ( détermination par le contenant)

le foin de la grange — the hay in the barn

le vin du tonneau — ( qui s'y trouve) the wine in the barrel; ( qu'on a tiré) the wine from the barrel

11) ( détermination par le contenu) of

une tasse de café — a cup of coffee

12) ( détermination par la quantité) of

une minute de silence — one minute of silence, a minute's silence

13) ( détermination par le lieu) of

les pyramides d'Égypte — the pyramids of Egypt

14) ( détermination par le temps) of

le 20 du mois — the 20th of the month

la réunion de samedi — Saturday's meeting

la réunion du 20 juin — the meeting on 20 June

le train de 15 heures — the 3 o'clock train

les ventes de juin — the June sales

15) (détermination par la dimension, la mesure)

un livre de 200 pages — a 200-page book

être long de 20 mètres — to be 20 metres [BrE] long

7 euros de l'heure — 7 euros an hour

trop lourd de trois kilos — three kilos too heavy

16) (détermination par la nature, fonction, matière)

un billet de train — a train ticket

une robe de coton rouge — a red cotton dress

une bulle d'air — an air bubble

17) ( apposition) of

le mois de juillet — the month of July

le nom de Flore — the name Flore

18) ( avec attribut du nom ou du pronom)

trois personnes de tuées — three people killed

deux heures de libres — two hours free

20 euros de plus — 20 euros more

l'ourlet a deux centimètres de trop — the hem is two centimetres [BrE] too long

quelque chose/rien de nouveau — something/nothing new

c'est quelqu'un de célèbre — he's/she's famous

c'est ça de fait — (colloq) that's that out of the way

19) ( avec un infinitif)

ça me peinait de la voir ainsi — it upset me to see her like that

et eux de rire — and they laughed

20) ( après un déverbal)

le filtrage de l'eau pose de gros problèmes — filtering water poses big problems

21) ( après un superlatif) gén of; ( avec un lieu ou ensemble assimilé) in

le plus grand restaurant de la ville — the biggest restaurant in the town

22) (colloq) (en corrélation avec le pronom un, une)

pour une gaffe, c'en est une, de gaffe! — as blunders go, that was a real one!

23) ( dans une comparaison chiffrée) than

plus/moins de 10 — more/less than 10

••

La préposition

Certains emplois de la préposition de sont traités ailleurs dans le dictionnaire, notamment

lorsque de introduit le complément de verbes transitifs indirects comme douter de, jouer de, de verbes à double complément comme recevoir quelque chose de quelqu'un, de certains noms comme désir de, obligation de, de certains adjectifs comme fier de, plein de

lorsque de fait partie de locutions comme d'abord, de travers ou de composés comme chemin de fer, pomme de terre

lorsque de est utilisé dans la structure de déterminants indéfinis comme peu de, moins de etc

lorsque de fait suite à être dans certaines tournures être I

D'autres renvois essentiels apparaissent dans l'entrée ci-dessous, mais on se reportera également aux notes d'usage répertoriées pour certaines constructions

L'article indéfini

de article indéfini pluriel est traité avec un I

L'article partitif: de, de l', de la, du

Lorsqu'il exprime une généralité non quantifiée ou une alternative, de, article partitif ne se traduit pas: manger de la viande/du lapin/des oeufs = to eat meat/rabbit/eggs; il ne boit jamais de vin = he never drinks wine; tu prends du café au petit déjeuner? = do you have coffee for breakfast?; voulez-vous de la bière ou du vin? = would you like beer or wine?; il ne veut pas de vin mais de la bière = he doesn't want wine, he wants beer

Lorsque l'idée de quantité est présente il se traduit par some ou any: achète de la bière/des bananes = buy some beer/some bananas; voulez-vous de la bière? = would you like some beer?; évidemment, tu leur as donné de l'argent? = of course, you gave them some money?; y a-t-il du soleil? = is there any sun?; il n'y a pas de soleil = there isn't any sun, there's no sun; il y a rarement du soleil = there's seldom any sun; il n'y a jamais de soleil = there's never any sun; il n'y a plus de vin = there isn't any more wine

Et lorsque qu'il s'agit d'une partie déterminée d'un tout, il se traduit par some of ou any of: elle a mangé des gâteaux que j'ai achetés = she has eaten some of the cakes I bought; a-t-elle bu du vin que j'ai apporté? = did she drink any of the wine I brought?; je ne prendrai plus de ce mélange = I won't take any more of this mixture

* * *
de
1. nm

1) (à jouer) dice

un coup de dés — a throw of the dice

2) (dé à coudre) thimble

2. dés nmpl

1) (= jeu) dice, game of dice

2) CUISINE

couper en dés — to dice

* * *

de ⇒ Note d'usage (d' before vowel or mute h) prép

1 ( indiquant l'origine) from; leur départ/le train de Bruxelles their departure/the train from Brussels; il arrive du Japon he's just come from Japan; de la fenêtre, on peut voir… from the window, one can see…; à 20 mètres de là 20 metres^GB from there; de ce moment fml from that moment; un enfant de mon premier mari/mariage a child by my first husband/from my first marriage; elle est de Taiwan she's from Taiwan; un vin de Grèce ( rapporté de là-bas) a wine from Greece; ( fait là-bas) a Greek wine; né de parents immigrés born of immigrant parents; il est de père italien et de mère chinoise his father is Italian and his mother Chinese; le bébé est de février the baby was born in February; de méfiant il est devenu paranoïaque he went from being suspicious to being paranoid; d'ici là between now and then; d'ici la fin du mois by the end of the month; ⇒ par;

2 ( indiquant la progression) de…à, de…en from…to; de 8 à 10 heures from 8 to 10 (o'clock); de mardi à samedi, du mardi au samedi from Tuesday to Saturday; du matin au soir from morning till night; d'une semaine à l'autre from one week to the next; de Lisbonne à Berlin from Lisbon to Berlin; de l'équateur aux pôles from the equator to the poles; de ville en ville from town to town; d'heure en heure from hour to hour; de déception en désillusion from disappointment to disillusion; ⇒ Charybde, long, moins, moment, place, plus;

3 ( indiquant la destination) to; le train de Paris the train to Paris, the Paris train;

4 ( indiquant la cause) mourir de soif/de chagrin/d'une pneumonie to die of thirst/of a broken heart/of pneumonia; phobie de l'eau/la foule fear of water/crowds; des larmes de désespoir tears of despair; un hurlement de terreur a scream of terror; pleurer de rage to cry with rage; hurler de terreur to scream with terror; trembler de froid to shiver with cold; ⇒ joie;

5 ( indiquant la manière) in; parler d'un ton monocorde to speak in a monotone; s'exprimer de manière élégante to express oneself in an elegant way; plaisanterie d'un goût douteux joke in dubious taste; tirer de toutes ses forces to pull with all one's might; il a répondu d'un geste obscène he answered with an obscene gesture; ⇒ beau, cœur, concert, mémoire, tac, trait;

6 ( indiquant le moyen) with; pousser qch du pied to push sth aside with one's foot; soulever qch d'une main to lift sth with one hand; gravure/graver de la pointe d'un couteau engraving/to engrave with the point of a knife; suspendu des deux mains hanging by two hands; déjeuner/vivre de saucisses et de haricots to lunch/to live on sausages and beans; il a fait de sa chambre un bureau he made his bedroom into a study; ⇒ coup, coude;

7 ( indiquant l'agent) by; un poème/dessin de Victor Hugo a poem/drawing by Victor Hugo; avoir un enfant de qn to have a child by sb; respecté de tous respected by all;

8 ( indiquant la durée) travailler de nuit/de jour to work at night/during the day; ne rien faire de la journée/semaine to do nothing all day/week; de ma vie je n'avais vu ça I had never seen such a thing in my life; ⇒ temps;

9 (indiquant l'appartenance, la dépendance) les chapeaux de Paul/de mon frère/de mes parents Paul's/my brother's/my parents' hats; les oreilles de l'ours/de mon chat the bear's/my cat's ears; la politique de leur gouvernement/de la France their government's/France's policy, the policy of their government/of France; un élève du professeur Talbin one of professor Talbin's students; l'immensité de l'espace/la mer the immensity of space/the sea; le toit de la maison the roof of the house; la porte de la chambre the bedroom door; les rideaux de la chambre sont sales the bedroom curtains are dirty; j'ai lavé les rideaux de la chambre I washed the bedroom curtains; le cadran du téléphone the dial on the telephone; c'est bien de lui it's just like him;

10 ( détermination par le contenant) le foin de la grange the hay in the barn; le vin du tonneau ( qui s'y trouve) the wine in the barrel; ( qu'on a tiré) the wine from the barrel;

11 ( détermination par le contenu) of; une tasse de café a cup of coffee; un sac de charbon a sack of coal;

12 ( détermination par la quantité) of; cinq pages de roman five pages of a novel; deux mètres de tissu two metres^GB of material; trois litres de vin three litres^GB of wine; une minute de silence one minute of silence, a minute's silence; quatre heures de musique four hours of music; deux milliardièmes de seconde two billionths of a second; le quart de mes économies a quarter of my savings; la totalité or l'ensemble de leurs œuvres the whole of their works; les sept maisons du hameau the seven houses of the hamlet;

13 ( détermination par le lieu) of; les pyramides d'Égypte the pyramids of Egypt; le roi de Brunéi the King of Brunei; le premier ministre du Japon the prime minister of Japan, the Japanese prime minister; le comte de Monte-Cristo the Count of Monte-Cristo;

14 ( détermination par le temps) of; les ordinateurs de demain the computers of tomorrow; le 20 du mois the 20th of the month; la réunion de samedi Saturday's meeting; la réunion du 20 juin the meeting on 20 June; le train de 15 heures the 3 o'clock train; les ventes de juin the June sales;

15 (détermination par la dimension, la mesure) un livre de 200 pages a 200-page book; un spectacle de deux heures a two-hour show; une grue de 50 tonnes a 50-tonne crane; être long de 20 mètres, avoir 20 mètres de long to be 20 metres^GB long; 20 euros de l'heure 20 euros an hour; enceinte de trois mois three months' pregnant; on aura deux heures d'attente we'll have a two-hour wait; on aura deux heures de retard we'll be two hours late; trop lourd de trois kilos three kilos too heavy; plus/moins de trois more/less than three; elle est la plus âgée/jeune de deux ans she's the oldest/youngest by two years;

16 (détermination par la nature, fonction, matière) un billet de train a train ticket; une statue de cristal a crystal statue; un livre de géographie a geography book; un professeur de botanique a botany teacher; un chapeau de cow-boy a cowboy hat; une salle de réunion a meeting room; une robe de coton rouge a red cotton dress; une bulle d'air/de savon an air/a soap bubble; un joueur de tennis a tennis player; un produit de qualité a quality product; un travail de qualité quality work; un spécialiste de l'électronique an electronics expert, an expert in electronics; un homme de bon sens a man of common sense; la théorie de la relativité the theory of relativity; ⇒ bois, laine;

17 ( apposition) of; le mois de juillet the month of July; la ville de Singapour the city of Singapore; le titre de duc the title of duke; le nom de Flore the name Flore; le terme de quark the term quark;

18 ( avec attribut du nom ou du pronom) trois personnes de tuées three people killed; une jambe de cassée a broken leg; un seul ticket de valable only one valid ticket; deux heures de libres two hours free; 200 euros de plus 200 euros more; l'ourlet a deux centimètres de trop the hem is two centimetres^GB too long; ton imbécile de frère your stupid brother; quelque chose/rien de nouveau something/nothing new; je n'ai jamais rien vu de semblable I've never seen anything like it; c'est quelqu'un de célèbre he's/she's famous; c'est ça de fait○ that's that out of the way, that's that taken care of;

19 ( avec un infinitif) de la voir ainsi me peinait seeing her like that upset me; ça me peinait de la voir ainsi it upset me to see her like that; et eux/toute la salle de rire and they/the whole audience laughed; être content de faire to be happy to do;

20 ( après un déverbal) le filtrage de l'eau pose de gros problèmes filtering water poses big problems; le remplacement de la chaudière a coûté très cher replacing the boiler was very expensive;

21 ( après un superlatif) gén of; ( avec un lieu ou ensemble assimilé) in; le plus jeune des trois frères the youngest of the three brothers; le roi des rois the king of kings; le plus grand restaurant de la ville the biggest restaurant in the town; le plus vieux de la classe/famille the oldest in the class/family;

22 ○(en corrélation avec le pronom un, une) pour une gaffe, c'en est une, de gaffe! as blunders go, that was a real one!; est-ce que j'en ai une, moi, de voiture? and me, have I got a car?;

23 ( dans une comparaison chiffrée) than; plus/moins de 10 more/less than 10.

[də] (devant voyelle ou 'h' muet d' [d], contraction de 'de' avec 'le' du [dy], contraction de 'de' avec 'les' des [de]) préposition

A.[INDIQUANT L'ORIGINE, LE POINT DE DÉPART]

1. [indiquant la provenance] from

il n'est pas d'ici he's not from (around) here

il a sorti un lapin de son chapeau he produced ou pulled a rabbit out of his hat

2. [à partir de]

de quelques fleurs des champs, elle a fait un bouquet she made a posy out of ou from a few wild flowers

faire un drame de rien to make a fuss over nothing

3. [indiquant l'auteur] by

4. [particule]

Madame de Sévigné Madame de Sévigné

épouser un/une de quelque chose (familier) to marry a man/woman with an aristocratic sounding name

B.[DANS LE TEMPS]

1. [à partir de] from

de ce jour from that day

2. [indiquant le moment]

de jour during the ou by day

travailler de nuit to work nights

il n'a pas travaillé de l'année he hasn't worked all year

je ne le vois pas de la semaine I don't see him at all during the week

le train de 9 h 30 the 9.30 train

[depuis]

de longtemps, on n'avait vu cela such a thing hadn't been seen for a long time

C.[INDIQUANT LA CAUSE]

rougir de plaisir to blush with pleasure

mourir de peur/de faim to die of fright/of hunger

pleurer de joie to cry for joy

souffrir de rhumatismes to suffer from rheumatism

se tordre de douleur/de rire to be doubled up in pain/with laughter

D.[INDIQUANT LE MOYEN, L'INSTRUMENT]

faire signe de la main to wave

il voit mal de l'œil gauche he can't see properly with his left eye

E.[INDIQUANT LA MANIÈRE]

manger de bon appétit to eat heartily

de toutes ses forces with all one's strength

F.[AVEC DES NOMBRES, DES MESURES]

1. [emploi distributif]

50 euros de l'heure 50 euros per ou an hour

2. [introduisant une mesure]

un appartement de 60 m² a 60 m² flat

un homme d'1 m 80 a man who is 1 m 80 tall

une femme de 30 ans a 30-year-old woman

un moteur de 15 chevaux a 15 h.p. engine

un cadeau de 50 euros a gift worth 50 euros

une équipe de 15 personnes a team of 15

3. [indiquant une différence dans le temps, l'espace, la quantité]

distant de cinq kilomètres five kilometres away

ma montre retarde de 10 mn my watch is 10 minutes slow

ce colis est trop lourd de 100 grammes this parcel is 100 grammes too heavy

G.[INDIQUANT L'APPARTENANCE]

la maison de mes parents/Marie my parents'/Marie's house

la porte du salon the living room door

les pays de l'UE the countries in the EU, the EU countries

pour les membres du club for members of the club ou club members

les élèves de sa classe the pupils in his class

H.[MARQUANT LA DÉTERMINATION]

1. [indiquant la matière, la qualité, le genre etc.]

un buffet de chêne an oak dresser

un bonhomme de neige a snowman

une réaction d'horreur a horrified reaction

une pause de publicité a commercial break

un livre d'un grand intérêt a book of great interest

elle est d'un snob! she is so snobbish!, she's such a snob!

2. [indiquant le contenu, le contenant]

l'eau de la citerne the water in the tank

un pot de fleurs

a. [récipient] a flowerpot

b. [fleurs] a pot of flowers

3. [dans un ensemble]

le plus jeune de la classe the youngest pupil in the class

le plus jeune des deux the younger of the two

4. [avec une valeur emphatique]

l'as des as the champ

le fin du fin the very latest thing

I.[SERVANT DE LIEN SYNTAXIQUE]

1. [après un verbe]

parler de quelque chose to speak about ou of something

se séparer de quelqu'un to leave somebody

se libérer du passé to free oneself from the past

instruire quelqu'un de ses intentions to notify somebody of one's plans

ce champ est entouré d'une palissade this field is surrounded by a fence

2. [après un substantif]

l'amour de quelque chose the love of something

troubles de l'audition hearing problems

3. [après un adjectif]

sûr de soi sure of oneself

il est facile de critiquer it's easy to criticize

4. [après un pronom]

rien de nouveau nothing new

quoi de plus beau que la mer? what is more beautiful than the sea?

5. [devant un adjectif, participe ou adverbe]

c'est une heure de perdue that's an hour lost

restez une semaine de plus stay (for) one more ou an extra week

6. [introduisant un nom en apposition]

le mois de janvier the month of January

au mois de janvier in January

cet imbécile de Pierre that idiot Pierre

7. [indiquant le sujet d'un ouvrage]

‘De l'art d'être mère’ ‘The Art of Being a Mother’

8. (littéraire) [introduisant un infinitif]

et tous de rire they all burst into laughter

————————

[də] (devant voyelle ou 'h' muet d' [d], contraction de 'de' avec 'le' du [dy], contraction de 'de' avec 'les' des [de]) article partitif

1. [dans une affirmation]

j'ai acheté de la viande I bought (some) meat

c'est de la provocation/de l'entêtement! it's sheer provocation/pig-headedness!

j'ai bu de ce vin I drank some of that wine

manger de la viande to eat meat

chanter du Fauré to sing some Fauré ou a piece by Fauré

[dans une interrogation]

prends-tu du sucre dans ton café? do you take sugar in your coffee?

[dans une négation]

il n'y a pas de place there's no room, there isn't any room

2. [exprimant une comparaison]

il y a du prophète chez lui he's a bit like a prophet

ça c'est du Julien tout craché ou du pur Julien that's Julien all over, that's typical of Julien

————————

[də] (devant voyelle ou 'h' muet d' [d], contraction de 'de' avec 'le' du [dy], contraction de 'de' avec 'les' des [de]) article défini

[dans une affirmation]

il a de bonnes idées he has ou he's got (some) good ideas

[dans une négation]

nous ne faisons pas de projets pour cet été we are not making any plans for this summer

————————

de... à locution correlative

1. [dans l'espace] from... to

2. [dans le temps] from... to

d'un instant à l'autre

a. [progressivement] from one minute to the next

b. [bientôt] any minute ou time now

d'ici à demain by tomorrow

3. [dans une énumération] from... to

4. [dans une évaluation]

ça vaut de 100 à 150 euros it's worth between 100 and 150 euros

————————

de... en locution correlative

1. [dans l'espace] from... to

2. [dans le temps]

de jour en jour from day to day

l'espoir s'amenuisait d'heure en heure hope dwindled as the hours went by

le nombre d'étudiants augmente d'année en année the number of students is getting bigger by the year ou every year ou from one year to the next

3. [dans une évolution]

de déduction en déduction, il avait trouvé le coupable he'd deduced who the culprit was

aller de déception en déception to go from one disappointment to the next

un musée où vous irez de surprise en surprise a museum where many surprises await you

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > de

7 discedo

dis-cēdo, cessi, cessum, 3 ( perf. sync. discesti, Plaut. As. 2, 1, 3), v. n.
I.
(With the notion of dis predominating.)
A.
To part asunder, divide, separate (rare but class.; cf.: linquo, relinquo, desero, desum, destituo, deficio).
1.
Lit.:
cum terra discessisset magnis quibusdam imbribus,
Cic. Off. 3, 9:
caelum,
opens, id. Div. 1, 43, 97; 1, 44, 99, i. e. clears off, Verg. A. 9, 20 (this last is quoted in Sen. Q. N. 7, 20):
sulcus vomere,
Luc. 6, 382: VT SODALITATES DECVRIATIQVE DISCEDERENT, SC. ap. Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 5; cf.:
cum discedere populum jussissent tribuni,
Liv. 3, 11:
populus ex contione,
Sall. J. 34 fin.: armati in latitudinem, Sisenn. ap. Non. 99, 7:
in duas partes,
Sall. J. 13, 1:
in partes,
Tac. A. 1, 49; cf.:
in manipulos,
id. ib. 1, 34:
fumus in auras,
Lucr. 3, 436:
ad semina rerum,
id. 2, 833:
palus multos discessit in amnes,
Luc. 6, 360:
citius paterer caput hoc discedere collo,
Prop. 2, 6, 7.—
2.
Trop.:
divisio in tres partes,
Quint. 12, 10, 58:
haec in duo genera,
id. 3, 6, 86.—
B.
To part from one's connection with one, i. e. to leave, forsake, desert (rare but class.).—With a or ab: uxor a Dolabella discessit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6:
ab amicis in re publica peccantibus,
Cic. Lael. 12, 42:
ab amicis,
id. ib. 20, 75:
a nobis,
Caes. B. C. 3, 60, 3:
milites in itinere ab eo discedunt,
id. ib. 1, 12, 2:
a Perseo,
Liv. 43, 6.
II.
(With the notion of cedere predominating.) To depart from any place or person, to go away from, to leave (cf.: proficiscor, abeo; so most frequently in all periods and sorts of composition).
A.
Lit.
1.
In gen.: constr. with ab, ex, or absol., rarely with de —With ab: cum discesti ab [p. 586] hero, atque abisti ad forum, Plaut. As. 2, 1, 3;
so with abire,
id. ib. 3, 3, 13; Cic. Att. 7, 2 fin.:
quod legati eorum paulo ante a Caesare discesserant,
Caes. B. G. 4, 12, 1:
ab suis,
id. ib. 5, 3, 6:
ab exercitu,
id. ib. 7, 9, 1; id. B. C. 1, 9, 3 et saep.:
a senis latere numquam,
Cic. Lael. 1, 1:
a vallo,
Caes. B. C. 3, 37, 3:
ab loco,
id. ib. 5, 34, 1:
a litore,
id. ib. 5, 8 fin. et saep.—With ex:
non modo illum e Gallia non discessisse, sed ne a Mutina quidem recessisse,
Cic. Phil. 8, 7, 21:
ex contione,
Caes. B. C. 2, 33, 2:
e medio,
Suet. Caes. 1:
e patria,
Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 85 et saep.—With de:
de foro,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 65, § 147; 2, 4, 22, § 49; id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79:
de colloquio,
Liv. 32, 40.—With abl. without a prep.:
templo,
Ov. M. 1, 381:
finibus Ausoniae,
id. Tr. 1, 3, 5:
lecto,
id. H. 1, 81:
Tarracone,
Caes. B. C. 2, 21, 5:
Capua,
Cic. Att. 7, 21.— Absol.:
ille discessit, ego somno solutus sum,
Cic. Rep. 6, 26 fin.;
so,
Caes. B. G. 1, 39, 3; id. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 9, 8 et saep.— Pass. impers.:
ne longius ab agmine discedi pateretur,
Caes. B. G. 5, 19, 3:
ab concilio disceditur,
id. ib. 7, 2 fin.:
de colloquio discessum,
Liv. 32, 40; Caes. B. C. 3, 87 fin.; Tac. A. 6, 44 fin. —
b.
Designating the term. ad quem, to go away to any place:
in silvas,
Caes. B. G. 5, 39, 2:
ex fuga in civitates,
id. ib. 7, 88 fin.:
in castra,
id. B. C. 1, 83, 3:
in proximos colles,
Sall. J. 54 fin.:
in loca occulta,
id. ib. 56, 3:
ad urbem,
Verg. A. 12, 184 et saep.:
Capreas,
Tac. A. 6, 20:
ex castris domum,
Caes. B. G. 5, 7, 5; cf.
simply domum,
id. B. C. 1, 13, 3; 3, 87, 3:
domos suas,
Nep. Them. 4, 2 al.:
cubitum,
Cic. Rep. 6, 10.—
2.
In partic.
a.
In milit. lang., to march off, march away, decamp:
discessit a Brundisio obsessionemque nostrorum omisit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 24 fin.:
ab Gergovia,
id. B. G. 7, 43 fin.:
a mari Dyrrhachioque,
id. B. C. 3, 44, 1:
ab Zama,
Sall. J. 61 al.:
ex ea parte vici,
Caes. B. G. 3, 2, 1:
ex hibernis,
id. ib. 5, 28, 3:
ex eo loco,
id. B. C. 3, 30, 7; cf.:
ex iis locis cum classe,
id. ib. 3, 101 fin.:
Tarracone,
id. ib. 2, 21, 5 et saep.:
dispersi ac dissipati discedunt,
Caes. B. G. 5, 58, 3; so absol., id. ib. 5, 53 fin.; 6, 33, 4 et saep.;
so milit.: discedere ab signis,
to quit the standard, leave the order of battle, Caes. B. G. 5, 16, 1; id. B. C. 1, 44, 4; Liv. 25, 20:
qui discedere et abire cœptabant,
i. e. to break ranks and go away, Suet. Oth. 11; cf.: ab ordinibus signisque Front. Strat. 1, 5, 3:
ab armis,
to lay down one's arms, Caes. B. G. 5, 41, 8; id. B. C. 1, 9, 5; Sall. C. 34, 1; Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; Liv. 9, 14 al.—
b.
Also in milit. lang., to get away, come away, come off in any manner from the battle (victorious, conquered, wounded, etc.); and sometimes to be translated simply to become, to be, etc.:
superiores,
Caes. B. C. 1, 47, 1; so,
superior,
Sall. C. 39, 4:
victor,
Caes. B. C. 3, 47, 6; cf.:
victor ab hoste,
Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 37:
victus,
to be conquered, Sall. C. 49, 2:
graviter vulneratus,
id. ib. 61, 7 et saep.:
aequo proelio,
Caes. B. C. 3, 112, 7; cf.:
aequa manu,
Sall. C. 39, 4:
aequo Marte cum Volscis,
Liv. 2, 40:
sine detrimento,
Caes. B. C. 3, 46, 6 et saep.— Pass. impers.:
a proelio disceditur,
Just. 6, 7, 12.—
(β).
Transf. beyond the milit. sphere (freq. into the judicial sphere, on account of its analogy to the former):
ut spoliis Sexti Roscii hoc judicio ornati auctique discedant,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 3 fin.:
superiorem,
id. Caecin. 1, 2; so,
liberatus,
Nep. Phoc. 2, 3:
omnium judicio probatus,
Cic. Brut. 64, 229:
impunita (tanta injuria),
id. Verr. 2, 4, 30 et saep.:
discessisses non male,
Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 70; cf.:
pulchre et probe et praeter spem,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 58:
aut cum summa gloria aut sine molestia,
Cic. Att. 2, 21 fin.; cf.:
a judicio capitis maximā gloriā,
Nep. Epam. 8 fin.:
ita tum discedo ab illo, ut qui se filiam Neget daturum,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 121; cf.:
si possum discedere, ne causa optima in senatu pereat,
Cic. Fam. 2, 16 fin.
B.
Trop.
1.
In gen., to depart, deviate, swerve from; to leave, forsake, give up:
nihil a statu naturae, nihil a dignitate sapientis,
Cic. Off. 1, 20, 67:
a fide justitiaque,
id. ib. 3, 20, 79:
longe ab consuetudine mea et cautione ac diligentia,
id. Font. 1, 2:
a constantia atque a mente, atque a se ipse,
id. Div. 2, 55, 114; cf.:
a se,
id. Brut. 79, 273; id. Fin. 5, 11, 33; 4, 5, 41; id. Tusc. 4, 6, 11: a recta conscientia, Att. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 20:
a sua sententia,
Caes. B. C. 1, 2, 5: ab officio, id. B. G. 1, 40, 3:
ab oppugnatione castrorum,
id. B. C. 2, 31, 3 et saep.:
a judiciisque causisque,
Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144:
a litteris,
id. Fam. 9, 26:
ab illa acerrima contentione,
id. Or. 31:
ab illa cavillatione,
Quint. 12, 2, 14:
a suscepta semel persuasione,
id. 12, 2, 26 et saep.—
2.
In partic.
a.
Pregn., to pass away, to vanish, to cease (very rarely):
modo audivi, quartanam a te discessisse,
had left you, Cic. Att. 8, 6:
ex animo memoria alicujus,
id. Rep. 6, 9: hostibus spes potiundi oppidi discessit (opp. studium propugnandi accessit), Caes. B. G. 2, 7, 2:
ubi hae sollicitudines discessere,
Liv. 4, 52 fin. —
b.
In alicujus sententiam, in polit. lang., to pass or go over to another's opinion, Sall. C. 55, 1; Liv. 3, 41; 28, 45; cf.
the opp., in alia omnia,
Cic. Fam. 10, 12, 3 (v. alius). In like manner:
decurritur ad illud extremum atque ultimum SC., quo nisi paene in ipso urbis incendio... numquam ante discessum est,
which had never before been resorted to, Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 3;
so perh.: ex oratione Caesaris... hanc in opinionem discessi, ut, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 6, 14 fin. —
c.
Ab aliquo, in Cicero's letters in the sense of to leave out of consideration, i. e. to except:
cum a vobis meae salutis auctoribus discesserim, neminem esse, cujus officiis me tam esse devinctum confitear,
if I except you, you excepted, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 18:
ut cum ab illo discesserint, me habeant proximum,
id. ib. 6, 12, 2:
amoris erga me, cum a fraterno amore domesticoque discessi, tibi primas defero,
id. Att. 1, 17, 5.
► Once in the part.
perf.: custodibus discessis, Cael. ap. Prisc. p. 869 P.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > discedo

8 sua

sŭus, a, um (old form sos, sa, sum; dat. plur. sis, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 301 Mull.; acc. sas. id. ib. p. 325 ib.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 47; Schol. Pers. 1, 108; sing. sam for suam, Fest. p. 47 Mull.;
so for suo, C. I. L. 5, 2007. In ante-class. verse su- with the following vowel freq. forms one syllable,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 48; id. Ps. 1, 3, 5; Ter. And. 1, 1, 68; Lucr. 1, 1022; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 189 sqq.), pron. poss., 3 d pers. [root SVA-; Sanscr. sva, own; cf. sui; Gr. seWo-, whence sphe, etc., and he; cf. heos], of or belonging to himself, herself, etc.; his own, her own, etc.; his, her, its, their; one ' s; hers, theirs.
I.
Ordinary possessive use his, etc. (cf. the similar use of the pers. pron. sui, q. v.).
A.
With antecedent in the same sentence.
1.
The antecedent a subject-nominative, expressed or understood.
(α).
His:
Caesar copias suas divisit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 97:
ille in sua sententia perseverat,
id. ib. 1, 72:
tantam habebat suarum rerum fiduciam,
id. ib. 2, 37:
cum sceleris sui socios Romae reliquisset,
Cic. Cat. 3, 1, 3:
cur ego non ignoscam si anteposuit suam salutem meae?
id. Pis. 32, 79; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45; id. Mil. 10, 27; id. Fam. 15, 14, 1:
Hanno praefecturam ejus (i.e. Muttinis) filio suo (Hannonis) dedit,
Liv. 26, 40, 7:
imperat princeps civibus suis,
Sen. Clem. 1, 16, 2:
nemo rem suam emit,
id. Ben. 7, 4, 8.—
(β).
Her:
mea Glycerium suos parentes repperit,
Ter. And. 5, 6, 5:
utinam haec ignoraret suum patrem,
id. Phorm. 5, 6, 34:
si nunc facere volt era officium suom,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 72:
ne eadem mulier cum suo conjuge honestissimum adulescentem oppressisse videatur,
Cic. Cael. 32, 78:
si omnibus suis copiis excellentem virum res publica armasset,
id. Phil. 13, 16, 32.—
(γ).
Its:
omne animal, simul et ortum est, et se ipsum et omnes partes suas diligit,
Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33:
cum mea domus ardore suo deflagrationem Italiae toti minaretur,
id. Planc. 40, 95.—
(δ).
Their: (legiones) si consulem suum reliquerunt, vituperandae sunt Cic. Phil. 5, 2, 4:
mittent aliquem de suo numero,
id. ib. 11, 10, 25:
rationem illi sententiae suae non fere reddebant,
id. Tusc. 1, 17, 38:
qui agellos suos redimere a piratis solebant,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 37, § 85:
edicunt ut ad suum vestitum senatores redirent,
id. Sest. 14, 32:
suis finibus eos prohibent,
Caes. B. G. 1, 1: Allobrogibus sese persuasuros existimabant ut per suos (Allobrogum) fines eos (Helvetios) ire paterentur, id. id. 1, 6;
and distributively: ac naves onerariae LXIII. in portu expugnatae, quaedam cum suis oneribus, frumento, armis, aere, etc.,
some with their several cargoes, Liv. 26, 47, 9.—
2.
With a subject-clause as antecedent:
id sua sponte apparebat tuta celeribus consiliis praepositurum,
was selfevident, Liv. 22, 38, 13:
ad id quod sua sponte satis collectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,
id. 3, 62, 1:
secutum tamen sua sponte est ut vilior ob ea regi Hannibal et suspectior fieret,
id. 35, 14, 4. —
3.
With subject-acc. as antecedent:
hanc dicam Athenis advenisse cum aliquo amatore suo, Plant. Mil. 2, 2, 86: doceo gratissimum esse in sua tribu Plancium,
Cic. Planc. 19, 47:
cupio eum suae causae confidere,
id. Sest. 64, 135:
suspicari debuit (Milo), eum (Clodium) ad villam suam (Clodii) deversurum,
id. Mil. 19, 51: Medeam praedicant in fuga fratris sui membra dissipavisse, id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 22:
(dixit) Caesarem pro sua dignitate debere et studium et iracundiam suam reipublicae dimittere,
Caes. B. C. 1, 8.—
4.
With object-acc. as antecedent.
(α).
Suus being an adjunct of the subject (generally rendered in Engl. by a pass. constr.):
hunc pater suus de templo deduxit,
he was taken from the temple by his father, Cic. Inv. 2, 17, 52:
hunc sui cives e civitate ejecerunt,
id. Sest. 68, 142:
Alexandrum uxor sua... occidit,
id. Inv. 2, 49, 144:
illum ulciscentur mores sui,
id. Att. 9, 12, 2:
quodsi quem natura sua... forte deficiet,
id. Or. 1, 14:
utrumque regem sua multitudo consalutaverat,
Liv. 1, 7, 1:
quas (urbes) sua virtus ac dii juvent, magnas sibi opes facere,
id. 1, 9, 3; 1, 7, 15; 6, 33, 5:
quos nec sua conscientia impulerit, nec, etc.,
id. 26, 33, 3; 25, 14, 7:
consulem C. Marium servus suus interemit,
Val. Max. 6, 8, 2:
quis non Vedium Pollionem pejus oderat quam servi sui?
Sen. Clem. 1, 18, 2:
sera dies sit qua illum gens sua caelo adserat,
id. Cons. Poll. 12 (31), 5.—With the antecedent understood from the principal sentence:
ita forma simili pueri ut mater sua internoscere (sc. eos) non posset,
Plaut. Men. prol. 19; and with suus as adjunct both of the subject and of the antecedent: jubet salvere suos vir uxorem suam, id. merc. 4, 3, 11. —
(β).
With impers. verbs:
sunt homines, quos libidinis infamiaeque suae neque pudeat neque taedeat,
Cic. Verr. 1, 12, 35:
video fore ut inimicos tuos poeniteat intemperantiae suae,
id. Fam. 3, 10, 1:
si Caesarem beneficii sui poeniteret,
id. Lig. 10, 29; so id. Agr. 2, 11, 26:
jam ne nobilitatis quidem suae plebejos poenitere,
Liv. 10, 7, 8:
militem jam minus virtutis poenitere suae,
id. 22, 12, 10.—
(γ).
As adjunct of other members of the sentence:
ad parentes suos ducas Silenium,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 86. nam is illius filiam conicit in navem clam matrem suam (i.e. filiae), id. Mil. 2, 1, 34:
eosdem ad quaestoris sui aut imperatoris, aut commilitonum suorum pericula impulistis,
Cic. Phil. 13, 17, 34:
totum enim ex sua patria sustulisti,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 127; id. Or. 3, 32, 126: quem (Hammonium) tibi etiam suo nomine ( on his own account) commendo... itaque peto a te ut ejus procuratorem et ipsum suo nomine diligas, id. Fam. 13, 21, 2:
Caesar Fabium in sua remittit hiberna,
Caes. B. G. 5, 33; id. B. C. 3, 24:
introire ad Ciceronem, et domi suae imparatum confodere,
Sall. C. 28, 1:
suis flammis delete Fidenas,
i. e. the flames kindled by the Fidenates, Liv. 4, 33, 5:
suo igni involvit hostes,
Tac. A. 14, 30:
quid Caesarem in sua fata inmisit?
Sen. Ep. 94, 65; id. Q. N. 1, praef. 7; cf.
with antecedent supplied from preceding sentence: non destiti rogare et petere (sc. Brutum) mea causa, suadere et hortari sua,
Cic. Att. 6, 2, 7.—
5.
With dat. as antecedent.
(α).
As adjunct of subject (cf. 4. supra):
suus rex reginae placet,
a queen likes her own king, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 76:
ei nunc alia ducenda'st domum, sua cognata Lemniensis,
id. Cist. 1, 1, 101:
Autronio nonne sodales, non collegae sui... defuerunt?
Cic. Sull. 2, 7:
si ceteris facta sua recte prosunt,
id. Cat. 3, 12, 27:
cui non magistri sui atque doctores, cui non... locus ipse... in mente versetur?
id. Planc. 33, 81:
haec omnia plane... Siculis erepta sunt: primum suae leges, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 13, § 33:
Romanis multitudo sua auxit animum,
Liv. 21, 50, 4:
sicuti populo Romano sua fortuna labet,
id. 42, 50, 7:
Lanuvinis sacra sua reddita,
id. 8, 14, 2:
vilitas sua illis detrahit pretium,
Sen. Ben. 4, 29, 2:
nemo est cui felicitas sua satisfaciat,
id. Ep. 115, 17:
labor illi suus restitutus est,
id. Brev. Vit. 20, 3:
magnitudo sua singulis constat,
id. Q. N. 1, 1, 10:
tantum sapienti sua, quantum Dec omnis aetas patet,
id. Ep. 53, 11. —
With antecedent supplied from principal sentence: mater quod suasit sua Adulescens mulier fecit, i.e. ei,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 38.—
(β).
Of other words:
regique Thebano regnum stabilivit suum,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 40:
mittam hodie huic suo die natali malam rem magnam,
id. Ps. 1, 3, 5:
ego Metello non irascor, neque ei suam vacationem eripio,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 68, § 164:
desinant insidiari domui suae consuli,
id. Cat. 1, 13, 32:
quibus ea res honori fuerit a suis civibus,
id. Mil. 35, 96: Scipio suas res Syracusanis restituit, Liv. [p. 1824] 29, 1, 17:
nos non suas (leges Lacedaemoniis arbitror) ademisse, sed nostras leges dedisse,
id. 39, 37, 6:
Graccho et Tuditano provinciae Lucani et Galliae cum suis exercitibus prorogatae,
id. 25, 3, 5.—
6.
With gen., abl., or object of a prep. as antecedent:
nec illius animi aciem praestringit splendor sui nominis,
Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43:
nolite a sacris patriis Junonis Sospitae domesticum et suum consulem avellere,
id. Mur. 41, 90:
quamvis tu magna mihi scripseris de Bruti adventu ad suas legiones,
id. Att. 14, 13, 12:
suae legis ad scriptum ipsam quoque sententiam adjungere,
the meaning of their law to which they refer, id. Inv. 2, 49, 147:
cum ambitio alterius suam primum apud eos majestatem solvisset,
Liv. 22, 42, 12:
nunc causam instituendorum ludorum ab origine sua repetam,
Val. Max. 2, 4, 4:
Jubam in regno suo non locorum notitia adjuvet, non popularium pro rege suo virtus,
Sen. Ep. 71, 10; id. Ben. 7, 6, 3; id. Clem. 1, 3, 4.—Esp. with cujusque as antecedent:
in qua deliberatione ad suam cujusque naturam consilium est omne revocandum,
Cic. Off. 1, 33, 119 (v. II. D. 2. infra).— Abl.:
operam dare ut sua lex ipso scripto videatur niti,
Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 147 (cf. supra):
(Caesar reperiebat) ad Galbam propter justitiam prudentiamque suam totius belli summam deferri,
Caes. B. G. 2, 4:
credere, ad suum concilium a Jove deos advocari,
Sen. Q. N. 2, 42, 1.—
7.
With predic. nom. as antecedent:
sapientissimi artis suae professores sunt a quibus et propria studia verecunde et aliena callide administrantur,
Val. Max. 8, 12, 1.—
8.
With appositive noun.
(α).
With gram. subject as antecedent:
hoc Anaximandro, populari ac sodali suo, non persuasit,
Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118:
vidit fortissimum virum, inimicissimum suum,
id. Mil. 9, 25:
(hic) fuit in Creta contubernalis Saturnini, propinqui sui,
id. Planc. 11, 27:
ut non per L. Crassum, adfinem suum... causam illam defenderit,
id. Balb. 21, 49:
ne cum hoc T. Broccho, avunculo, ne cum ejus filio, consobrino suo, ne nobiscum vivat,
id. Lig. 4, 11:
Caesar mittit ad eum A. Clodium, suum atque illius familiarem,
Caes. B. C. 3, 57.—
(β).
With object as antecedent:
Dicaearchum cum Aristoxeno, aequali et condiscipulo suo, omittamus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 41:
tres fratres optimos, non solum sibi ipsos, neque nobis, necessariis suis, sed etiam rei publicae condonavit,
id. Lig. 12, 36:
Varroni, quem, sui generis hominem,... vulgus extrahere ad consulatum nitebatur,
Liv. 22, 34, 2.—
(γ).
With appositive noun as antecedent:
si P. Scipionem, clarissimum virum, majorumque suorum simillimum res publica tenere potuisset,
Cic. Phil. 13, 14, 29:
M. Fabi Ambusti, potentis viri cum inter sui corporis homines, tum ad plebem, etc.,
Liv. 6, 34, 5:
C. vero Fabricii, et Q. Aemilii Papi, principum saeculi sui, domibus argentum fuisse confitear oportet,
Val. Max. 4, 4, 3.—
9.
In participial clauses.
(α).
The antecedent being the logical subject of the participle, and other than the principal subject:
credamus igitur Panaetio, a Platone suo dissentienti ( = qui dissentiebat),
Cic. Tusc. 1, 32, 79:
ea Sex. Roscium, expulsum ex suis bonis, recepit domum,
id. Rosc. Am. 10, 27:
diffidentemque rebus suis confirmavit,
id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23:
Dejotarum ad me venientem cum omnibus copiis suis, certiorem feci, etc.,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 7; id. Cat. 4, 9, 18: si hominis et suis et populi Romani ornamentis amplissimi ( being greatly distinguished) causam repudiassem, id. Mur. 4, 8:
stupentes tribunos et suam jam vicem magis anxios quam, etc., liberavit consensus populi Romani,
Liv. 8, 35, 1; 22, 42, 8:
manet in folio scripta querela suo ( = quam scripsit),
Ov. F. 5, 224; cf. in abl. absol.:
et ipsis (hostibus) regressis in castra sua,
Liv. 22, 60, 9:
quibus (speculis) si unum ostenderis hominem, populus adparet, unaquaque parte faciem exprimente sua,
Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 5.—
(β).
The logical subject of the participle, being also the principal subject:
sic a suis legionibus condemnatus irrupit in Galliam,
Cic. Phil. 10, 10, 21:
hunc agrum patres nostri, acceptum a majoribus suis ( = quem acceperant), perdiderunt,
id. Agr. 2, 31, 84:
ut in suis ordinibus dispositi dispersos adorirentur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 92: Appius, odium in se aliorum suo in eos metiens odio, haud ignaro, inquit, imminet fortuna, Liv. 3, 54, 3:
ipsa capit Condita in pharetra ( = quae condiderat) tela minora sua,
Ov. F. 2, 326; cf. in abl. absol.:
Sopater, expositis suis difficultatibus ( = cum exposuisset, etc.): Timarchidem... perducit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69:
Caesar, primum suo deinde omnium ex conspectu remotis equis, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25:
Campani, audita sua pariter sociorumque clade, legatos ad Hannibalem miserunt,
Liv. 25, 15, 1:
(Appius) deposito suo magistratu... domum est reductus,
id. 4, 24, 7; 3, 35, 9; 9, 10, 13; 9, 41, 9.—
(γ).
The antecedent being the principal subject, not the logical subject of the participle:
M. Papirius dicitur Gallo, barbam suam (i.e. Papirii) permulcenti,... iram movisse,
Liv. 5, 41, 9: cum Gracchus, verecundia deserendi socios, implorantis fidem suam populique Romani, substitisset. id. 23, 36, 8; cf. in abl. absol.:
si sine maximo dedecore, tam impeditis suis rebus, potuisset emori,
Cic. Rab. Post. 10, 29; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Planc. 21, 51; id. Clu. 14, 42:
ita (consul) proelio uno accidit Vestinorum res, haudquaquam tamen incruento milite suo (consulis),
Liv. 8, 29, 12; cf.
with antecedent to be supplied: Campani, cum, robore juventutis suae acciso, nulla (sc. eis) propinqua spes esset, etc.,
id. 7, 29, 7.—
10.
In gerund. construction. ( a) With subject as antecedent:
mihi ipsa Roma ad complectendum conservatorem suum progredi visa est,
Cic. Pis. 22, 52.—
(β).
With object, the logical subjects of the gerund as antecedent:
cur iis persequendi juris sui... adimis potestatem?
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21:
si senatui doloris sui de me declarandi potestas esset erepta,
id. Sest. 23, 51:
nec tribunis plebis (spatium datur) sui periculi deprecandi,
Caes. B. C. 1, 5.—
(γ).
With antecedent dependent on the gerund:
eamque rem illi putant a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam,
Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19.—
11.
As adjunct of a noun dependent on a subjectinf., with its logical subject as antecedent:
magnum Miloni fuit, conficere illam pestem nulla sua invidia?
Cic. Mil. 15, 40:
neque enim fuit Gabinii, remittere tantum de suo nec regis, imponere tantum plus suis,
his claim, id. Rab. Post. 11, 31:
Piso, cui fructum pietatis suae neque ex me neque a populo Romano ferre licuit,
id. Sest. 31, 68:
ei cujus magis intersit, vel sua, vel rei publicae causa vivere,
id. Off. 3, 23, 90:
sapientis est consilium explicare suum de maximis rebus,
id. Or. 2, 81, 333; id. Mil. 15, 41.—With logical subject understood:
totam Italiam suis colonis ut complere (sc. eis) liceat, permittitur,
Cic. Agr. 2, 13, 34:
maximum (sc. eis) solacium erit, propinquorum eodem monumento declarari, et virtutem suorum, et populi Romani pietatem,
id. Phil. 14, 13, 35.
B.
Without gram. antec., one ' s, one ' s own.
1.
Dependent on subject-inff.:
ejusdem animi est, posteris suis amplitudinem nobis quam non acceperit tradere, et memoriam prope intermortuam generis sui, virtute renovare,
Cic. Mur. 7, 16:
siquidem atrocius est, patriae parentem quam suum occidere,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:
miliens perire est melius quam in sua civitate sine armorum praesidio non posse vivere,
id. ib. 2, 44, 112: quanto est honestius, alienis injuriis quam suis commoveri, one ' s own, id. Verr. 2, 3, 72, § 169:
contentum suis rebus esse maximae sunt certissimaeque divitiae,
id. Par. 6, 51:
ut non liceat sui commodi causa nocere alteri,
id. Off. 3, 5, 23:
detrahere de altero sui commodi causa,
id. ib. 3, 5, 24:
suis exemplis melius est uti,
Auct. Her. 4, 1, 2:
levius est sua decreta tollere quam aliorum,
Liv. 3, 21. 5; 39, 5, 2;
29, 37, 11: satius est vitae suae rationes quam frumenti publici nosse,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 3:
quanto satius est sua mala exstinguere quam aliena posteris tradere?
id. Q. N. 3, praef. 5:
cum initia beneficiorum suorum spectare, tum etiam exitus decet,
id. Ben. 2, 14, 2; 3, 1, 5:
Romani nominis gloriae, non suae, composuisse illa decuit,
Plin. 1, prooem. § 16.—With 1 st pers. plur., as indef. antecedent: cum possimus ab Ennio sumere... exemplum, videtur esse arrogantia illa relinquere, et ad sua devenire, to one ' s own = to our own, Auct. Her. 4, 1, 2.—
2.
Without a subject-inf.:
omnia torquenda sunt ad commodum suae causae... sua diligenter narrando,
Cic. Inv. 1, 21, 30: ut in ceteris habenda ratio non sua (al. sui) solum, sed etiam aliorum, id. Off. 1, 39, 139:
erat Dareo mite ac tractabile ingenium, nisi suam naturam plerumque fortuna corrumperet (suam not referring to Dareo),
Curt. 3, 2, 17 MSS. (Foss, mansuetam). — With 1 st pers. plur., as indef. antecedent (cf. 1. supra):
non erit ista amicitia sed mercatura quaedam utilitatum suarum,
Cic. N. D. 1, 44, 122; cf.: pro suo possidere, II. A. 2. a. g; and Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73, II. A. 2. b. a; cf. also II. B. 1. a; II. B. 5. c.; II. B. 7. b.; II. C. 8. b. b infra.
C.
With antec. in a previous sentence. Here ejus, eorum, earum are used for his, her, their, unless the clause is oblique in regard to the antecedent, i. e. the antecedent is conceived as the author of the statement.
1.
In clauses dependent on a verbum sentiendi or dicendi, expressed or understood, referring to the grammatical or logical subject of the verb.
a.
In infinitive clauses:
(Clodius) Caesaris potentiam suam potentiam esse dicebat,
Cic. Mil. 32, 88:
(Caelius) a sua (causa) putat ejus (i.e. Ascitii) esse sejunctam,
id. Cael. 10, 24:
ipsos certo scio non negare ad haec bona Chrysogonum accessisse impulsu suo (referring to ipsos),
id. Rosc. Am. 37, 107:
hostes viderunt,... suorum tormentorum usum spatio propinquitatis interire,
Caes. B. C. 2, 16:
docent, sui judicii rem non esse,
id. ib. 1, 13.—The reference of suus may be ambiguous, esp. if an infinitive is dependent on another:
hoc Verrem dicere ajebant, te... opera sua consulem factum, i.e. Verris, though grammatically it might refer to the subj. of aiebant,
Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 29:
(Ariovistus) dixit neminem secum sine sua pernicie contendisse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 36; cf. the context with, in all, eleven reflexive pronouns referring to four different antecedents (populus Romanus, Ariovistus, Caesar, nemo); cf.
also: occurrebat ei, mancam praeturam suam futuram consule Milone,
Cic. Mil. 9, 25; 32, 88; Liv. 3, 42, 2.—
b.
Suus in a clause dependent on inf.:
scio equidem, ut, qui argentum afferret atque expressam imaginem suam (i.e. militis) huc ad nos, cum eo ajebat velle mitti mulierem,
Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 55:
isti bonorum emptores arbitrantur, vos hic sedere qui excipiatis eos qui de suis (i.e. emptorum) manibus effugerint,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 151:
Siculi venisse tempus ajebant ut commoda sua defenderem,
id. Div. in Caecil. 1, 3:
ut tunc tandem sentiret recuperanda esse quae prius sua culpa amissa forent,
Liv. 44, 8, 4. —
Ambiguous: velle Pompejum se Caesari purgatum, ne ea quae reipublicae causa egerit (Pompejus) in suam (i.e. Caesaris) contumeliam vertat (where suam might be referred to Pompejus),
Caes. B. C. 1, 8.—
c.
In oblique clauses introduced by ut or ne, or clauses subordinate to such:
Cassius constituit ut ludi absente te fierent suo nomine,
Cic. Att. 15, 11, 2:
postulat ut ad hanc suam praedam tam nefariam adjutores vos profiteamini,
id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:
Nasidius eos magnopere hortatur ut rursus cum Bruti classe, additis suis (i.e. Nasidii) auxiliis confligant,
Caes. B. C. 2, 3:
(regem) denuntiasse sibi ut triduo regni sui decederent finibus,
Liv. 42, 25, 12:
Sabinae mulieres, hinc patres, hinc viros orantes, ne parricidio macularent partus suos (i.e. mulierum),
id. 1, 13, 2:
Patron praecepit suis ut arma induerent, ad omne imperium suum parati,
Curt. 5, 11, 1.—With reflex. pron., referring to a different antecedent:
ad hanc (Laidem) Demosthenes clanculum adit, et ut sibi copiam sui faceret, petit,
Gell. 1, 8, 5. —
d.
In subordinate clauses introduced by quin or quod:
(Dejotarus) non recusat quin id suum facinus judices,
Cic. Deiot. 15, 43; so id. ib. 4, 15;
16, 45: parietes hujus curiae tibi gratias agere gestiunt, quod futura sit illa auctoritas in his majorum suorum et suis sedibus,
id. Marcell. 3, 10:
quidni gauderet quod iram suam nemo sentiret?
Sen. Troad. 3, 13:
querenti quod uxor sua e fico se suspendisset,
Quint. 6, 3, 88;
and with intentional ambiguity: cum Proculejus quereretur de filio quod is mortem suam expectaret,
id. 9, 3, 68. —
e.
In interrogative clauses:
si, quod officii sui sit, non occurrit animo, nihil umquam omnino aget,
Cic. Ac. 2, 8, 25:
ut non auderet iterum dicere quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,
id. Caecin. 10, [p. 1825] 28:
donec sciat unisquisque quid sui, quid alieni sit,
Liv. 6, 27, 8:
rex ignarus, quae cum Hannibale legatis suis convenisset, quaeque legati ejus ad se allaturi fuissent,
id. 23, 39, 2:
postquam animadvertit quantus agminis sui terror esset,
id. 43, 19, 5. —
2.
In a virtually oblique clause.
a.
In final clause, introduced by ut, ne, or rel., referring to the subject of the purpose:
me a portu praemisit domum, ut haec nuntiem uxori suae,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 41:
quasi Appius ille Caecus viam muniverit, non qua populus uteretur, sed ubi impune sui posteri latrocinarentur, i. e. Appii,
Cic. Mil. 7, 17:
quae gens ad Caesarem legatos mise. rat, ut suis omnibus facultatibus uteretur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 80:
inde castra movent, ne qua vis sociis suis ab Romano exercitu inferri possit,
Liv. 43, 23, 5:
(Romani) Albam a fundamentis proruerunt, ne memoria originum suarum exstaret,
id. 26, 13, 16:
oppidani nuntios Romam, qui certiorem de suo casu senatum facerent, misere,
id. 6, 33, 7; cf.:
tanto intervallo ab hostibus consedit, ut nec adventus suus propinquitate nimia nosci posset, et, etc.,
Liv. 10, 20, 7:
Datames locum delegit talem ut non multum obesse multitudo hostium suae paucitati posset,
Nep. Dat. 7, 3:
quid si gubernator a diis procellas petat ut gratior ars sua periculo fiat?
Sen. Ben. 6, 25, 4. —
b.
In other dependent clauses represented as conceived by an antecedent in the principal sentence:
Sulla, si sibi suus pudor ac dignitas non prodesset, nullum auxilium requisivit ( = negavit se defendi velle, si, etc.),
Cic. Sull. 5, 15:
Paetus omnes libros quos frater suus reliquisset mihi donavit ( = dixit se donare libros quos, etc.),
id. Att. 2, 1, 12:
non enim a te emit, sed, priusquam tu suum sibi venderes, ipse possedit ( = potitus est, ne, etc.),
id. Phil. 2, 37, 96:
Africanus, si sua res ageretur, testimonium non diceret,
id. Rosc. Am. 36, 3:
ille ipse (Pompejus) proposuit epistulam illam, in qua est Pro tuis rebus gestis amplissimis. Amplioribusne quam suis, quam Africani?
id. Att. 8, 9, 2:
spiritus dabat (Manlio) quod... vinculorum suorum invidiam dictator fugisset,
Liv. 6, 18, 4:
(Numa) Camenis eum lucum sacravit, quod earum ibi concilia cum conjuge sua Egeria essent,
id. 1, 21, 3:
adulescens deos omnis invocare ad gratiam illi pro se referendam, quoniam sibi nequaquam satis facultatis pro suo animo atque illius erga se esset,
id. 26, 50, 4 (cf. D. 1. a. infra).
D.
In the place of ejus.
1.
In clauses virtually oblique, but with indicative, being conceived by the antecedent (hence suus, not ejus), but asserted as fact by the author (hence indicative, not subjunctive):
Cicero tibi mandat ut Aristodemo idem respondeas, quod de fratre suo (Ciceronis) respondisti,
Cic. Att. 2, 7, 4:
oriundi ab Sabinis, ne, quia post Tatii mortem ab sua parte non erat regnatum, imperium amitterent, sui corporis creari regem volebant,
Liv. 1, 17, 2:
C. Caesar villam pulcherrimam, quia mater sua aliquando in illa custodita erat, diruit,
Sen. Ira, 3, 21, 5:
Philemonem, a manu servum, qui necem suam per venenum inimicis promiserat, non gravius quam simplici morte punivit,
Suet. Caes. 74; cf.:
quomodo excandescunt si quid e juba sua decisum est,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 3.—
2.
To avoid ambiguity:
petunt rationes illius (Catilinae) ut orbetur consilio res publica, ut minuatur contra suum (i.e. Catilinae) furorem imperatorum copia (instead of ejus, which might be referred to res publica),
Cic. Mur. 39, 83:
equites a cornibus positos, cum jam pelleretur media peditum suorum acies, incurrisse ab lateribus ferunt,
Liv. 1, 37, 3.—
3.
Colloquially and in epistolary style suus is used emphatically instead of ejus, with the meaning own, peculiar: deinde ille actutum subferret suus servus poenas Sosia, his own slave (opp. Mercury, who personates Sosias), Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 19: mira erant in civitatibus ipsorum furta Graecorum quae magistratus sui fecerant, their own magistrates ( = ipsorum), Cic. Att. 6, 2, 5:
in quibus (litteris Bruti) unum alienum summa sua prudentia (est), ut spectem ludos suos,
his peculiar prudence, id. ib. 15, 26, 1; so,
quod quidem ille (Nero) decernebat, quorumdam dolo ad omina sui exitus vertebatur,
Tac. A. 16, 24; cf. II. A. 1. b and g; II. A. 2. a. b; II. B. 3.—
4.
Without particular emphasis (mostly ante- and post-class. and poet.):
tum erit tempestiva cum semen suum maturum erit,
Cato, R. R. 31:
vitis si macra erit, sarmenta sua concidito minute,
id. ib. 37:
qui sic purgatus erit, diuturna valetudine utatur, neque ullus morbus veniet, nisi sua culpa,
id. ib. 157:
Cimon in eandem invidiam incidit quam pater suus,
Nep. Cim. 3, 1:
id qua ratione consecutus sit (Lysander) latet. Non enim virtute sui exercitus factum est, etc.,
id. Lys. 1, 2:
ipse sub Esquiliis, ubi erat regia sua, Concidit,
Ov. F. 6, 601:
quodque suus conjux riguo collegerat horto, Truncat olus foliis,
id. M. 8, 646; so id. ib. 15, 819.
II.
In partic.
A.
As substt.
1.
sui, suorum, m., his, their (etc.) friends, soldiers, fellow-beings, equals, adherents, followers, partisans, posterity, slaves, family, etc., of persons in any near connection with the antecedent.
(α).
(Corresp. to the regular usage, I. A. B. C.) Cupio abducere ut reddam (i.e. eam) suis, to her family, friends, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 77; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 66:
cum animus societatem caritatis coierit cum suis, omnesque natura conjunctos suos duxerit,
fellow-beings, Cic. Leg. 1, 23, 60:
mulier ingeniosa praecepit suis omnia Caelio pollicerentur,
her slaves, id. Cael. 25, 62:
quo facilius et nostras domos obire, et ipse a suis coli possit,
his friends, id. ib. 7, 18:
qua gratiam beneficii vestri cum suorum laude conjungant,
their family, id. Agr. 2, 1, 1:
vellem hanc contemptionem pecuniae suis reliquisset,
to his posterity, id. Phil. 3, 6, 16:
cum divisurum se urbem palam suis polliceretur,
his partisans, id. ib. 13, 9, 19:
Caesar, cohortatus suos, proelium commisit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25; so,
Curio exercitum reduxit, suis omnibus praeter Fabium incolumibus,
id. B. C. 2, 35:
Caesar receptui suorum timens,
id. ib. 3, 46:
certior ab suis factus est, praeclusas esse portas,
id. ib. 2, 20:
omnium suorum consensu, Curio bellum ducere parabat,
id. ib. 2, 37: so,
Pompejus suorum omnium hortatu statuerat proelio decertare,
id. ib. 3, 86:
Caesar Brundisium ad suos severius scripsit,
to his officers, id. ib. 3, 25:
naviculam conscendit cum paucis suis,
a few of his followers, id. ib. 3, 104:
multum cum suis consiliandi causa secreto praeter consuetudinem loqueretur,
id. ib. 1, 19:
nupsit Melino, adulescenti inprimis inter suos et honesto et nobili,
his equals, associates, Cic. Clu. 5, 11:
rex raptim a suis in equum impositus fugit,
his suite, Liv. 41, 4, 7:
subsidio suorum proelium restituere,
comrades, id. 21, 52, 10:
feras bestias... ad opem suis ferendam avertas,
their young, id. 26, 13, 12:
abstulit sibi in suos potestatem,
his slaves, Sen. Ira, 3, 12, 6:
Besso et Nabarzani nuntiaverant sui regem... interemptum esse,
their fellow - conspirators, Curt. 5, 12, 14. — Very rarely sing.:
ut bona mens suis omnibus fuerit. Si quem libido abripuit, illorum eum, cum quibus conjuravit, non suum judicet esse,
Liv. 39, 16, 5.—
(β).
Irregular use (acc. to I. D.): sui = ejus amici, etc. (freq.;
the absolute use of ejus in this sense being inadmissible): quasi vero quisquam dormiat? ne sui quidem hoc velint, non modo ipse (sui = ejus amici, liberi),
Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:
is (annus) ejus omnem spem... morte pervertit. Fuit hoc luctuosum suis, acerbum patriae, etc.,
id. Or. 3, 2, 8:
quadrigas, quia per suos ( = ipsius milites) agendae erant, in prima acie locaverat rex,
Liv. 37, 41, 8:
auctoritatem Pisistrati qui inter suos ( = ejus cives) maxima erat,
id. 37, 12:
quo cum multitudine adversariorum sui superarentur, ipse fuit superior, etc.,
Nep. Hann. 8, 4; v. g.—
(γ).
Without antecedent (cf. I. B. supra): quoties necesse est fallere aut falli a suis, by one ' s friends, Sen. Phoen. 493.—
(δ).
Sing.: sŭa, suae. f., a sweetheart, mistress (rare): illam suam suas res sibi habere jussit. Cic. Phil. 2, 28. 69:
cedo quid hic faciet sua?
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 92.—
2.
sŭum, i, n., and more freq. sŭa, suorum, n. plur., = one ' s property.
a.
Sing.
(α).
Lit.:
nec suom adimerem alteri,
his property, his own, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 38 (34):
nunc si ille salvos revenit, reddam suom sibi (v. D. 3. a. infra),
id. ib. 1, 2, 119:
illum studeo quam facillime ad suum pervenire,
Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 4:
populi Romani hanc esse consuetudinem ut socios sui nihil deperdere velit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 43; cf. Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 3, I. A. 11. supra:
nec donare illi de suo dicimur,
Sen. Ben. 7, 4, 2; so esp. with quisque; v. infra — Hence, de suo = per se, or sua sponte;
(stellae) quae per igneos tractus labentia inde splendorem trahant caloremque, non de suo clara,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 1, 6. —
(β).
Trop.:
meum mihi placebat, illi suum (of a literary essay),
Cic. Att. 14, 20, 3: suom quemque decet, his own manners, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 11; so, expendere oportet quid quisque habeat sui ( what peculiarities) nec velle experiri quam se aliena deceant;
id enim maxime quemque decet quod est cujusque maxime suum,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 113.—
(γ).
Jurid. term: aliquid pro suo possidere, to possess in the belief of one ' s legal right:
pro suo possessio tale est, cum dominium nobis acquiri putamus. Et ea causa possidemus ex qua acquiritur, et praeterea pro suo,
Dig. 41, 10, 1;
so without an antecedent, and referring to a first person: item re donata, pro donato et pro suo possideo,
ib. 41, 10, 1; v. the whole tit. ib. 42, 10 (Pro suo); cf. ib. 23, 3, 67; cf. C., infra fin.;
similarly: usucapere pro suo = acquire dominion by a possession pro suo, Fragm. Vat. 111: res pro suo, quod justam causam possidendi habet, usucapit,
id. ib. 260; Dig. 41, 3, 27. —
b.
Plur.
(α).
One ' s property:
Roscius tibi omnia sua praeter animam tradidit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 146:
qui etiam hostibus externis victis sua saepissime reddiderunt,
id. Agr. 1, 6, 19:
tu autem vicinis tuis Massiliensibus sua reddis,
id. Att. 14, 14, 6:
Remi legatos miserunt qui dicerent se suaque omnia in fidem atque potestatem populi Romani permittere,
Caes. B. G. 2, 3, 2; 1, 11, 2; 2, 13, 2:
ipsi milites alveos informes quibus se suaque transveherent, faciebant,
their baggage, Liv. 21, 26, 9:
docere eos qui sua permisere fortunae,
Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. 7; so without an antecedent, one ' s own property (cf. I. B. 2. supra):
hanc ob causam maxime ut sua tenerentur res publicae constitutae sunt,
Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73;
rarely = eorum res: quod vero etiam sua reddiderint (i.e. Gallis),
Liv. 39, 55, 3. —
(β).
One ' s own affairs:
aliena ut melius videant et dijudicent Quam sua,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 96:
cognoscunt... immobile agmen et sua quemque molientem,
Liv. 10, 20, 8:
omnia ei hostium non secus quam sua nota erant,
id. 22, 41, 5:
aliena cum suis perdidit,
Sen. Ben. 7, 16, 3.— Absol., referring to a noun fem.: sua (finxit) C. Cassius ( = suas persuasiones; cf.
the context),
Quint. 6, 3, 90.
B.
Predicative uses: suum esse, facere, fieri, putare, etc., like a gen. poss., to be, etc., the property, or under the dominion, control, power of the antecedent.
1.
Of property in things.
(α).
Corporeal:
scripsit causam dicere Prius aurum quare sit suum,
Ter. Eun. prol. 11:
nihil erat cujusquam quod non hoc anno suum fore putabat (Clodius),
Cic. Mil. 32, 87:
quia suum cujusque fit, eorum quae natura fuerant communia quod cuique obtigit, id quisque teneat,
id. Off. 1, 7, 21:
Juba suam esse praedicans praedam,
Caes. B. C. 3, 84:
gratum sibi populum facturum, si omnes res Neapolitanorum suas duxissent,
Liv. 22, 32, 8: libros esse dicimus Ciceronis;
eosdem Dorus librarius suos vocat,
Sen. Ben. 7, 6, 1:
cum enim istarum personarum nihil suum esse possit,
since these persons can own nothing, Gai. Inst. 2, 96; cf. Dig. 1, 7, 15 pr.—Virtually predicative:
referas ad eos qui suam rem nullam habent ( = rem quae sua sit),
nothing of their own, Cic. Phil. 2, 6, 15:
qui in potestate nostra est, nihil suum habere potest,
Gai. Inst. 2, 84. — ( b) Of literary works:
quae convenere in Andriam ex Perinthia Fatetur transtulisse, atque usum pro suis ( = quasi sua essent),
Ter. And. prol. 14:
potest autem... quae tum audiet... ingenue pro suis dicere,
his own thoughts, Quint. 12, 3, 3.—
(γ).
Of a country or people:
suum facere = suae dicionis facere: commemorat ut (Caesar) magnam partem Italiae beneficio atque auctoritate eorum suam fecerit,
Caes. B. C. 2, 32:
in quam (Asiam) jam ex parte suam fecerit,
Liv. 44, 24, 4:
crudelissima ac superbissima gens sua omnia suique arbitrii facit,
id. 21, 44, 5.—
(δ).
Trop.:
omnia sua putavit quae vos vestra esse velletis,
Cic. Phil. 11, 12, 27:
non meminit, illum exercitum senatus populique Romani esse, non suum,
id. ib. 13, 6, 4: [p. 1826] probavit, non rempublicam suam esse, sed se reipublicae, Sen. Clem. 1, 19, 8;
so of incorporeal things: hi si velint scire quam brevis eorum vita sit, cogitent ex quota parte sua sit,
how much of it is their own, id. Brev. Vit. 19, 3; so, suum facere, to appropriate:
prudentis est, id quod in quoque optimum est, si possit, suum facere,
Quint. 10, 2, 26:
quaeremus quomodo animus (hanc virtutem) usu suam faciat,
Sen. Clem. 1, 3, 1.—
2.
Of persons.
(α).
Under a master ' s or father ' s control:
ut lege caverent, ne quis quem civitatis mutandae causa suum faceret, neve alienaret,
make any one his slave, Liv. 41, 8, 12: quid eam tum? suamne esse ajebat, his daughter, i.e. in his power? Ter. And. 5, 4, 29:
eduxit mater pro sua ( = quasi sua esset),
id. Eun. 1, 2, 76.—
(β).
Reflexively = sui juris, independent, one ' s own master or mistress, not subject to another ' s control, under one ' s own control (v. sui juris, infra):
ancilla, quae mea fuit hodie, sua nunc est,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 3.—
(γ).
Of moral power over others: suus = devoted to one:
hice hoc munere arbitrantur Suam Thaidem esse,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 38:
eos hic fecit suos Paulo sumptu,
id. Ad. 5, 4, 21:
sed istunc exora, ut (mulierem) suam esse adsimulet,
to be friendly to him, id. Heaut. 2, 3, 117:
cum Antonio sic agens ut perspiciat, si in eo negotio nobis satisfecerit, totum me futurum suum,
Cic. Att. 14, 1 a, 2:
Alpheus... utebatur populo sane suo,
devoted to him, id. Quint. 7, 29.— Poet.: vota suos habuere deos, the vows (inst. of the persons uttering them) had the gods on their side, Ov. M. 4, 373. —
(δ).
Of power over one's self, etc.:
nam qui sciet ubi quidque positum sit, quaque eo veniat, is poterit eruere, semperque esse in disputando suus,
self-possessed, Cic. Fin. 4, 4, 10:
inaestimabile bonum est suum fieri,
selfcontrol, Sen. Ep. 75, 18:
(furiosus) qui suus non est,
Dig. 42, 4, 7, § 9:
vix sua, vix sanae virgo Niseia compos Mentis erat,
Ov. M. 8, 35. —
3.
Suum est, as impers. predicate: = ejus est, characteristic of, peculiar to one (very rare):
dixit antea, sed suum illud est, nihil ut affirmet,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99.
C.
Attributive usages, almost always (except in Seneca) with suus before its noun.
1.
The property, relations, affairs, etc., of one opposed to those of another, own.
a.
Opposition expressed:
nihil de suo casu, multa de vestro querebatur,
Cic. Balb. 8, 21:
sua sibi propiora pericula quam mea loquebantur,
id. Sest. 18, 40:
suasque et imperatoris laudes canentes,
Liv. 45, 38, 12:
damnatione collegae et sua,
id. 22, 35, 3:
Senecae fratris morte pavidum et pro sua incolumitate pavidum,
Tac. A. 14, 73:
velut pro Vitellio conquerentes suum dolorem proferebant,
id. H. 3, 37;
opp. alienus: ut suo potius tempore mercatorem admitterent, quam celerius alieno,
at a time convenient to themselves, Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 11. —Without antecedent, opp. externus:
(Platoni) duo placet esse motus, unum suum, alterum externum, esse autem divinius quod ipsum ex se sua sponte moveatur, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32. —
b.
Implied:
voluptatem suis se finibus tenere jubeamus,
within the limits assigned to it, Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 1:
cum vobis immortale monumentum suis paene manibus senatus... exstruxerit,
id. Phil. 14, 12, 33:
superiores (amnes) in Italia, hic (Rhodanus) trans Alpes, hospitales suas tantum, nec largiores quam intulere aquas vehentes,
Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 224: colligitur aqua ex imbribus;
ex suo fonte nativa est,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 3:
pennas ambo non habuere suas (non suas = alienas),
Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 24. —
c.
In particular phrases. ( a) Sua sponte and suo Marte, of one ' s own accord, by one ' s self, without the suggestion, influence, aid, etc., of others:
Caesar bellum contra Antonium sua sponte suscepit,
Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5:
sua sponte ad Caesarem in jus adierunt,
Caes. B. C. 1, 87.—So of things, = per se, by or of itself, for itself, for its own sake:
jus et omne honestum sua sponte expetendum (cf. in the context: per se igitur jus est expetendum),
Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48: justitium sua sponte inceptum priusquam indiceretur, by itself, i. e. without a decree, Liv. 9, 7, 8; so,
sortes sua sponte attenuatas,
id. 22, 1, 11 (cf. id. 22, 38, 13; 35, 14, 4, I. A. 2., supra): rex enim ipse, sua sponte, nullis commentariis Caesaris, simul atque audivit ejus interitum suo Marte res suas recuperavit, Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95.—
(β).
Suus locus, in milit. lang., one ' s own ground, position, or lines:
restitit suo loco Romana acies (opp. to the advance of the enemy),
Liv. 22, 16, 2.—So figuratively:
et staturas suo loco leges,
Sen. Ben. 2, 20, 2:
aciem instruxit primum suis locis, pauloque a castris Pompeji longius,
Caes. B. C. 3, 84 (cf.: suo loco, 7. b. g, infra).—
(γ).
For suo jure v. 3. infra.—
(δ).
Sua Venus = one's own Venus, i. e. good luck (v. Venus): ille non est mihi par virtutibus, nec officiis;
sed habuit suam Venerem,
Sen. Ben. 2, 28, 2. —
2.
Of private relations (opp. to public):
ut in suis rebus, ita in re publica luxuriosus nepos,
Cic. Agr. 2, 18, 48:
deinde ut communibus pro communibus utatur, privatis ut suis,
id. Off. 1, 7, 20:
quod oppidum Labienus sua pecunia exaedificaverat,
Caes. B. C. 1, 15:
militibus agros ex suis possessionibus pollicetur,
i. e. his private property, id. ib. 1, 17; Sen. Ben. 7, 6, 3. —
3.
Of just rights or claims:
imperatori senatuique honos suus redditus,
due to them, Liv. 3, 10, 3:
neque inpedimento fuit, quominus religionibus suus tenor suaque observatio redderetur,
Val. Max. 1, 1, 8:
quibus omnibus debetur suus decor,
Quint. 11, 1, 41. —
So distributively: is mensibus suis dimisit legionem,
in the month in which each soldier was entitled to his discharge, Liv. 40, 41, 8. — Esp.: suo jure (so, meo, nostro, tuo, etc., jure), by his own right:
Tullus Hostilius qui suo jure in porta nomen inscripsit,
Cic. Phil. 13, 12, 26:
earum rerum hic A. Licinius fructum a me repetere prope suo jure debet,
id. Arch. 1, 1; id. Marcell. 2, 6; id. Phil. 2, 25, 62; id. Balb. 8, 21:
numquam illum res publica suo jure esset ulta,
by its unquestionable right, id. Mil. 33, 88. —
4.
Of that to which one is exclusively devoted:
huic quaestioni suum diem dabimus,
a day for its exclusive discussion, Sen. Ep. 94, 52:
homini autem suum bonum ratio est,
his exclusive good, id. ib. 76, 10:
in majorem me quaestionem vocas, cui suus locus, suus dies dandus est,
id. Q. N. 2, 46, 1. —
With proprius: mentio inlata apud senatum est, rem suo proprio magistratu egere,
that the business needed a particular officer exclusively for itself, Liv. 4, 8, 4:
et Hannibalem suo proprio occupandum bello,
id. 27, 38, 7; cf.:
dissupasset hostes, ni suo proprio eum proelio equites Volscorum exceptum tenuissent,
in which they alone fought, id. 3, 70, 4:
mare habet suas venas quibus impletur,
by which it alone is fed, Sen. Q. N. 3, 14, 3. —
5.
According to one ' s liking, of one ' s own choice.
a.
Of persons, devoted to one, friendly, dear:
Milone occiso (Clodius) habuisset suos consules,
after his own heart, Cic. Mil. 33, 89:
collegit ipse se contra suum Clodium,
his dear Clodius, id. Pis. 12, 27 (cf.: suum facere, habere, II. B. 2. g).—
b.
Of things, favorable.
(α).
Of place: neque Jugurtham nisi... suo loco pugnam facere, on his own ground, i. e. chosen by him, favorable, Sall. J. 61, 1:
hic magna auxilia expectabant et suis locis bellum in hiemem ducere cogitabant,
Caes. B. C. 1, 61; cf.:
numquam nostris locis laboravimus,
Liv. 9, 19, 15.—
(β).
Of time:
cum Perseus suo maxime tempore et alieno hostibus incipere bellum posset,
Liv. 42, 43, 3; v. 7. b, infra. —
c.
Of circumstances: sua occasio, a favorable opportunity; sometimes without antecedent:
neque occasioni tuae desis, neque suam occasionem hosti des,
Liv. 22, 39, 21:
tantum abfuit ut ex incommodo alieno sua occasio peteretur,
id. 4, 58, 2:
aestuque suo Locros trajecit,
a favorable tide, id. 23, 41, 11:
ignoranti quem portum petat nullus suus ventus est,
Sen. Ep. 71, 3:
orba suis essent etiamnunc lintea ventis,
Ov. M. 13, 195:
aut ille Ventis iturus non suis,
Hor. Epod. 9, 30. —
6.
Of persons or things, peculiar, particular:
quae est ei (animo) natura? Propria, puto, et sua,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 70:
omnis enim motus animi suum quendam a natura habet vultum,
id. de Or. 3, 57, 316:
geometrae et musici... more quodam loquuntur suo. Ipsae rhetorum artes verbis in docendo quasi privatis utuntur ac suis,
id. Fin. 3, 1, 4:
sensus omnis habet suum finem,
its peculiar limits, Quint. 9, 4, 61: animus cum suum ambitum complevit et finibus se suis cinxit, consummatum est summum bonum, Sen. Vit. Beat. 9, 3: est etiam in nominibus ( nouns) diverso collocatis sua gratia, their peculiar elegance, Quint. 9, 3, 86:
ibi non bello aperto, sed suis artibus, fraude et insidiis, est paene circumventus,
Liv. 21, 34, 1:
nec Hannibalem fefellit, suis se artibus peti,
id. 22, 16, 5:
adversus hostem non virtute tantum, sed suis (i. e. hostis) etiam pugnare consiliis oportebat,
Flor. 2, 6, 26:
liberam Minucii temeritatem se suo modo expleturum,
Liv. 22, 28, 2:
equites ovantes sui moris carmine,
id. 10, 26, 11:
exsultans cum sui moris tripudiis,
id. 21, 42, 3:
tripudiantes suo more,
id. 23, 26, 9.—So, suo Marte, referring to the style of fighting peculiar to the different arms:
equitem suo alienoque Marte pugnare,
that the cavalry were fighting both in their own style and in that of the other arms, Liv. 3, 62, 9; cf.: suo Marte, 1, c. a, supra.—And distributively ( = suus quisque):
suos autem haec operum genera ut auctores, sic etiam amatores habent,
Quint. 12, 10, 2:
illa vero fatidica fulmina ex alto et ex suis venire sideribus,
Plin. 2, 43, 43, § 113; cf.:
quae quidem planiora suis exemplis reddentur,
Val. Max. 3, 4 prooem.—
7.
Proper, right.
a.
Referring to one's ordinary or normal condition:
quod certe non fecisset, si suum numerum naves habuissent,
their regular complement, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 133. — So poet.:
flecte ratem! numerum non habet illa suum,
its full number, Ov. H. 10, 36:
novus exercitus consulibus est decretus: binae legiones cum suo equitatu,
Liv. 40, 36, 6:
cum suo justo equitatu,
id. 21, 17, 8:
totam (disciplinam) in suum statum redegit,
Val. Max. 2, 7, 2:
tranquilla mente et vultu suo,
with the ordinary expression of his face, Sen. Clem. 2, 6, 2:
media pars aeris ab his (ignibus) submota, in frigore suo manet. Natura enim aeris gelida est,
id. Q. N. 2, 10, 4:
cornuaque in patriis non sua vidit aquis,
not natural to her, Ov. H. 14, 90. —
So, non suus, of ingrafted branches and their fruit: miraturque (arbos) novas frondis et non sua poma,
Verg. G. 2, 82. —
b.
Of time, proper, regular, etc. (cf. 5. b, supra).
(α).
The regular time ( = stato tempore):
signum quod semper tempore exoritur suo,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 4:
cum et recte et suo tempore pepererit,
Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 16: aestas suo tempore incanduit...;
tam solstitium quam aequinoctium suos dies retulit,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 16, 3:
omnes venti vicibus suis spirant majore ex parte,
Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128. —
(β).
The right or proper time:
salictum suo tempore caedito,
Cato, R. R. 33:
cessit e vita suo magis quam suorum civium tempore,
the right time for himself, Cic. Brut. 1, 4; so,
exstingui homini suo tempore optabile est,
id. Sen. 23, 85:
Scandilius dicit se suo tempore rediturum,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 139:
si Ardeates sua tempora exspectare velint,
Liv. 4, 7, 6:
Chrysippus dicit, illum... opperiri debere suum tempus, ad quod velut dato signo prosiliat,
Sen. Ben. 2, 25, 3:
quam multi exercitus tempore suo victorem hostem pepulerunt!
Liv. 44, 39, 4. — Without antecedent: sed suo tempore totius sceleris hujus fons aperietur. Cic. Phil. 14, 6, 15; cf.:
de ordine laudis, etc., praecipiemus suo tempore,
Quint. 2, 4, 21. —
(γ).
Suo loco = at the proper place:
quae erant prudentiae propria suo loco dicta sunt,
Cic. Off. 1, 40, 143:
quod reddetur suo loco,
Quint. 11, 1, 16:
ut suo loco dicetur,
Plin. 2, 90, 102, § 221:
inscripta quae suis locis reddam,
id. 1, prooem. § 27; Sen. Ben. 2, 20, 2; cf. 1, c. b; 4. supra. —
(δ).
Suited, appropriate, adapted to one:
in eodem fundo suum quidquid conseri oportet,
Cato, R. R. 7:
siquidem hanc vendidero pretio suo,
at a suitable price, Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 30:
in partes suas digerenda causa,
Quint. 11, 1, 6:
confundetur quidquid in suas partes natura digessit,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 29, 8. — Poet.: haec ego dumque queror, lacrimae sua verba sequuntur, Deque meis oculis in tua membra cadunt, appropriate, i. e. tristia, Ov. H. 14, 67.—Without antecedent: suum quidquid genus talearum serito, any fit kind, i. e. suited to the ground, Cato, R. R. 48. —
8.
Own, with the notion of independence of, or dependence on others (cf. B. 2. g d).
a.
Of political independence: pacem condicionibus his fecerunt ut Capuae suae leges, sui magistratus essent, her own laws, i. e. not subject to Carthage, Liv. 23, 7, 2: liberos [p. 1827] eos ac suis legibus victuros, id. 25, 23, 4. —
Esp. in the phrases suae potestatis or in sua potestate esse, suo jure uti, sui juris esse: Puteolos, qui nunc in sua potestate sunt, suo jure, libertate aequa utuntur, totos occupabunt,
Cic. Agr. 2, 31, 86:
Rhegini potestatis suae ad ultimum remanserunt,
retained their self-government, Liv. 23, 30, 9:
urbem ne quam formulae sui juris facerent,
id. 38, 9, 10. —
b.
Of paternal authority.
(α).
Free from the power of the paterfamilias; in the phrases sui juris esse, suae potestatis esse, to be independent:
quaedam personae sui juris sunt, quaedam alieno juri sunt subjectae, Gai,
Inst. 1, 48:
sui juris sunt familiarum suarum principes, id est pater familiae, itemque mater familiae,
Ulp. Fragm. 4, 1:
liberi parentum potestate liberantur emancipatione. Sed filius quidem ter manumissus sui juris fit, ceteri autem liberi una manumissione sui juris fiunt,
id. ib. 10, 1:
morte patris filius et filia sui juris fiunt,
id. ib. 10, 2:
patres familiarum sunt qui sunt suae potestatis,
Dig. 1, 6, 4:
si modo defunctus testator suae potestatis mortis tempore fuerit,
Gai. Inst. 2, 147. —
With indef. reference: si sui juris sumus,
Dig. 46, 2, 20; cf.:
pro suo possideo, 2. a. supra.—Attributively: sui juris arrogatio feminae,
Cod. Just. 8, 47, 8:
homo sui juris,
ib. 10, § 5.— Trop.:
sapiens numquam semiliber erit: integrae semper libertatis et sui juris,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 5, 3:
non illarum coitu fieri cometen, sed proprium et sui juris esse,
id. Q. N. 7, 12, 2: nullique sunt tam feri et sui juris adfectus, ut non disciplina perdomentur, id. Ira, 2, 12, 3. —
(β).
Subject to paternal authority, in the phrases suus heres, sui liberi; suus heres, an heir who had been in the paternal power of the deceased:
CVI SVVS HERES NON SIT, XII. Tab. fr. 5, 4.—In the jurists without antecedent: sui et necessarii heredes sunt velut filius filiave, nepos neptisve ex filia, deinceps ceteri qui modo in potestate morientis fuerunt,
Gai. Inst. 2, 156:
(emancipati liberi) non sunt sui heredes,
ib. 2, 135:
alia facta est juris interpretatio inter suos heredes,
ib. 3, 15:
datur patrono adversus suos heredes bonorum possessio (where patrono is not the antecedent of suos),
ib. 3, 41:
sui heredes vel instituendi sunt vel exheredandi,
Ulp. Fragm. 22, 14:
accrescunt suis quidem heredibus in partem virilem, extraneis autem in partem dimidiam,
id. ib. 22, 17. —
Sui liberi, children in paternal power: de suis et legitimis liberis,
Cod. Just. 6, 55 inscr.
D.
In particular connections.
1.
With ipse, his own, etc. (cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 696).
a.
Ipse agreeing with the antecedent of suus, the antecedent being,
(α).
A subjectnom.:
(ingenium ejus) valet ipsum suis viribus,
by its own strength, Cic. Cael. 19, 45:
legio Martia non ipsa suis decretis hostem judicavit Antonium?
by its own resolutions, id. Phil. 4, 2, 5:
ruit ipse suis cladibus,
id. ib. 14, 3, 8:
si ex scriptis cognosci ipsi suis potuissent,
id. de Or. 2, 2, 8:
qui se ipse sua gravitate et castimonia defenderet,
id. Cael. 5, 11:
quod ipse suae civitatis imperium obtenturus esset,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3:
suamet ipsae fraude omnes interierunt,
Liv. 8, 18, 9; 39, 49, 3:
ut saeviret ipse in suum sanguinem effecerunt,
id. 40, 5, 1:
respicerent suum ipsi exercitum,
id. 42, 52, 10; 21, 31, 12; 22, 38, 3; 6, 19, 6.—
(β).
A subject-acc.:
sunt qui dicant eam sua ipsam peremptam mercede,
Liv. 1, 11, 9:
(tribuniciam potestatem) suis ipsam viribus dissolvi,
id. 2, 44, 2.—
(γ).
An object in dat. or acc.:
sic ut ipsis consistendi in suis munitionibus locus non esset,
Caes. B. C. 2, 6:
tribuni (hostem) intra suamet ipsum moenia compulere,
Liv. 6, 36, 4:
alios sua ipsos invidia opportunos interemit,
id. 1, 54, 8; 22, 14, 13.—Suus as adjunct of subject (rare):
aliquando sua praesidia in ipsos consurrexerunt,
their own garrisons revolted against them, Sen. Clem. 1, 26, 1.—
b.
With gen. of ipse, strengthening the possessive notion (cf. 4.;
post-Aug. and very rare, but freq. in modern Lat.): aves (foetus suos) libero caelo suaeque ipsorum fiduciae permittunt,
Quint. 2, 6, 7 (but tuus ipsius occurs in Cic.:
tuo ipsius studio,
Cic. Mur. 4, 9:
tuam ipsius amicitiam,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 7).—
c.
Both suus and ipse agreeing with the governing noun (very rare; not in Cic. or Caes.): quae tamen in ipso cursu suo dissipata est (= ipsa in cursu suo), in its very course, Sen. Q. N. 1, 1, 3 dub.:
suamet ipsa scelera,
Sall. C. 23, 2 (Dietsch ex conj. ipse):
suismet ipsis corporibus,
Liv. 2, 19, 5 MSS. (Weissenb. ex conj. ipsi):
a suismet ipsis praesidiis,
id. 8, 25, 6 MSS. (Weissenb. ipsi).—
2.
With quisque, distributively, each ( every one)... his own; in prose quisque is generally preceded by suus.
a.
Quisque and suus in different cases.
(α).
Quisque as subjectnom.:
sentit enim vim quisque suam quoad possit abuti,
Lucr. 5, 1033:
suo quisque loco cubet,
Cato, R. R. 5:
suum quisque noscat ingenium,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 114:
ad suam quisque (me disciplinam) rapiet,
id. Ac. 2, 36, 114:
quod suos quisque servos in tali re facere voluisset,
id. Mil. 10, 29:
cum suo quisque auxilio uteretur,
Caes. B. C. 1, 51:
celeriter ad suos quisque ordines redit,
id. ib. 3, 37.—In apposition with plur. subj. (freq. in Liv.):
nunc alii sensus quo pacto quisque suam rem Sentiat,
Lucr. 4, 522:
ut omnes cives Romani in suis quisque centuriis prima luce adessent,
that all the Roman citizens should be present, each in his own centuria, Liv. 1, 44, 1:
hinc senatus, hinc plebs, suum quisque intuentes ducem constiterant,
id. 6, 15, 3:
ut (trigemini) pro sua quisque patria dimicent,
id. 1, 24, 2:
stabant compositi suis quisque ordinibus,
id. 44, 38, 11:
(consules) in suas quisque provincias proficiscuntur,
id. 25, 12, 2; 25, 26, 13:
in suo quaeque (stella) motu naturam suam exercent,
Plin. 2, 39, 39, § 106.—With abl. absol.:
omnes, velut dis auctoribus in spem suam quisque acceptis, proelium una voce poscunt,
Liv. 21, 45, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.:
relictis suis quisque stationibus... concurrerunt,
id. 32, 24, 4; 4, 44, 10; 39, 49, 3; 2, 38, 6.—
(β).
With acc. of quisque as subj.:
fabrum esse suae quemque fortunae, App. Claud. ap. Ps.-Sall. Ep. ad Caes. Rep. c. l.: sui quemque juris et retinendi et dimittendi esse dominum,
Cic. Balb. 13, 31:
recipere se in domos suas quemque jussit,
Liv. 25, 10, 9; and (ungrammatically) nom., as apposition to a subj.-acc.:
se non modo suam quisque patriam, sed totam Siciliam relicturos,
id. 26, 29, 3 MSS. (Weissenb. ex conj. quosque).—
(γ).
As adjunct of the subject-nom., with a case of quisque as object, attribut. gen., etc.:
sua cujusque animantis natura est,
Cic. Fin. 5, 9, 25:
sua quemque fraus, suum facinus, suum scelus, etc., de sanitate ac mente deturbat,
id. Pis. 20, 46:
sua quemque fraus et suus terror maxime vexat,
id. Rosc. Am. 24, 67:
suum cuique incommodum ferendum est,
id. Off. 3, 6, 30:
ut solidum suum cuique solvatur,
id. Rab. Post. 17, 46:
ne suus cuique domi hostis esset,
Liv. 3, 16, 3:
ut sua cuique respublica in manu esset,
id. 26, 8, 11:
animus suus cuique ordinem pugnandi dabat,
id. 22, 5, 8:
tentorium suum cuique militi domus ac penates sunt,
id. 44, 39, 5:
suus cuique (stellae) color est,
Plin. 2, 18, 16, § 79:
trahit sua quemque voluptas,
Verg. E. 2, 65:
stat sua cuique dies,
id. A. 10, 467.—
(δ).
As predicate-nom. (v. II. B.):
opinionem, quae sua cuique conjectanti esse potest,
Liv. 6, 12, 3.—
(ε).
As adjunct of subj.-acc.:
suum cuique honorem et gradum redditum gaudeo,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 136:
scientiam autem suam cujusque artis esse,
id. Fin. 5, 9, 26.—
(ζ).
As adjunct of an object, with a case of quisque as object or attribut. gen.: suam cuique sponsam, mihi meam: suum cuique amorem, mihi meum, Atil. Fragm. inc. 1: suom cuique per me uti atque frui licet, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 24 (23), 1:
ut suo quemque appellem nomine,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 52:
placet Stoicis suo quamque rem nomine appellare,
Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 1:
ad suam cujusque naturam consilium est omne revocandum,
id. Off. 1, 33, 119:
justitia quae suum cuique distribuit,
id. N. D. 3, 15, 38:
in tribuendo suum cuique,
id. Off. 1, 5, 14:
Turnus sui cuique periculi recens erat documentum,
Liv. 1, 52, 4:
in trimatu suo cuique dimidiam esse mensuram futurae certum esse,
Plin. 7, 15, 16, § 73:
certa cuique rerum suarum possessio,
Vell. 2, 89, 4; cf.: qua re suum unicuique studium suaque omnibus delectatio relinquatur, Ps.-Cic. Cons. 26, 93.—With quemque in apposition with acc. plur.:
Camillus vidit intentos opifices suo quemque operi,
Liv. 6, 25, 9; so cujusque in appos. with gen. plur.: trium clarissimorum suae cujusque gentis virorum mors, id. 39, 52, 7; and cuique with dat. plur.: sui cuique mores fingunt fortunam hominibus, Poet. ap. Nep. Att. 11, 6 (where Lachm. ad Lucr. 2, 372, reads quique, ex conj.; cf. b. b, infra).—
b.
Attraction of suus and quisque as adjuncts of nouns.
(α).
Attraction of suus:
ut nemo sit nostrum quin in sensibus sui cujusque generis judicium requirat acrius (= suum cujusque generis judicium),
Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 19:
quas tamen inter omnes (voces) est suo quoque in genere (vox) mediocris ( = inter omnes voces est mediocris vox, sua quoque in genere),
id. de Or. 3, 57, 216:
eo concilia suae cujusque regionis indici jussit (= sua cujusque regionis concilia),
Liv. 45, 29, 10:
equites suae cuique parti post principia collocat (= equites suos cuique parti),
id. 3, 22, 6:
cum motibus armorum et corporum suae cuique genti assuetis,
id. 25, 17, 5:
legiones deducebantur cum tribunis et centurionibus et sui cujusque ordinis militibus (= suis cujusque),
Tac. A. 14, 27:
quae sui cujusque sunt ingenii,
Quint. 7, 10, 10 Halm (al. sua):
sui cujusque ingenii poma vel semina gerunt (= sua cujusque),
Col. 3, 1;
and by a double attraction: has (cohortes) subsidiariae ternae et aliae totidem suae cujusque legionis subsequebantur (= has cohortes... totidem cujusque legionis, suam quaeque legionem, subsequebantur),
Caes. B. C. 1, 83. —
(β).
Attraction of quisque:
tanta ibi copia venustatum in suo quique loco sita,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 6 (al. quaeque):
quodvis frumentum non tamen omne Quique suo genere inter se simile esse videbis,
Lucr. 2, 372 Lachm. and Munro ad loc.:
cum verba debeant sui cujusque generis copulari,
Varr. L. L. 10, 48:
in sensibus sui cujusque generis judicium,
Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 19:
haec igitur proclivitas ad suum quodque genus aegrotatio dicatur,
id. Tusc. 4, 12, 28:
separatim greges sui cujusque generis nocte remeabant (= greges sui quisque generis),
Liv. 24, 3, 5:
ut sui cujusque mensis acciperet (frumentum),
Suet. Aug. 40;
and quisque both attracted and in its own case: quia cujusque partis naturae et in corpore et in animo sua quaeque vis sit (where either cujusque or quaeque is redundant),
Cic. Fin. 5, 17, 46; v. Madv. ad loc.; Cato, R. R. 23 fin.;
so esp. in the phrases suo quoque tempore, anno, die, loco, etc.: pecunia, quae in stipendium Romanis suo quoque anno penderetur, deerat (= suo quaeque anno),
each instalment in the year when due, Liv. 33, 46, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.:
suo quoque loco,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 2; 1, 22, 6:
opera quae suis quibusque temporibus anni vilicum exsequi oporteret,
Col. 11, 3:
suo quoque tempore,
Vitr. 2, 9, 4:
nisi sua quaque die usurae exsolverentur (= sua quaeque die),
Dig. 22, 1, 12 init.; 13, 7, 8, § 3:
ut opera rustica suo quoque tempore faciat,
ib. 19, 2, 25, § 3 (al. quaeque)—
c.
In the order quisque... suus.
(α).
In relative clauses, comparative clauses with ut, and interrogative clauses introduced by quid, etc., where quisque immediately follows the relative, etc.:
ut quisque suom volt esse, ita est,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 45; cf.
with sibi,
Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 49; id. Lael. 9, 30:
expendere oportere quid quisque habeat sui... nec velle experiri quam se aliena deceant. Id enim maxime quemque decet quod est cujusque maxime suum,
id. Off. 1, 31, 113:
neque solum quid in senatu quisque civitatis suae dicerent ignorabant, sed, etc.,
Liv. 32, 19, 9:
gratius id fore laetiusque quod quisque sua manu ex hoste captum rettulerit,
id. 5, 20, 8; 6, 25, 10; cf.:
in quibus cum multa sint quae sua quisque dicere velit, nihil est quod quisque suum possit dicere,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 23, 1.—
(β).
If the emphasis is not on suus, but (for quisque, when emphatic, unusquisque is used) on some other word:
in civitates quemque suas... dimisit,
Liv. 21, 48, 2:
in patriam quisque suam remissus est,
Just. 33, 2, 8:
in vestigio quemque suo vidit,
Liv. 28, 22, 15; cf.:
hospitibus quisque suis scribebant,
id. 33, 45, 6:
pro facultatibus quisque suis,
id. 42, 53, 3; cf.:
respiciendae sunt cuique facultates suae,
Sen. Ben. 2, 15, 3:
praecipitat quisque vitam suam et futuri desiderio laborat,
id. Brev. Vit. 7, 5; id. Ben. 7, 5, 1:
tunc praeceps quisque se proripit et penates suos deserit,
id. Q. N. 6, 1, 5; 5, 18, 8:
summum quisque causae suae judicem facit,
Plin. 1, prooem. § 10: aestimatione nocturnae [p. 1828] quietis, dimidio quisque spatio vitae suae vivit, id. 7, 50, 51, § 167.—
(γ).
Poets adopt the order quisque suus when the metre requires it, Verg. A. 6, 743:
oscula quisque suae matri tulerunt,
Ov. F. 2, 715. —
(δ).
When suus and quisque belong to different clauses:
atque earum quaeque, suum tenens munus... manet in lege naturae,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 38. —
d.
Suus uterque, or uterque suus, distributively of two subjects:
suas uterque legiones reducit in castra,
Caes. B. C. 1, 40; 2, 28:
ideo quod uterque suam legem confirmare debebit,
Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 142:
cum sui utrosque adhortarentur,
Liv. 1, 25, 1:
ad utrumque ducem sui redierunt,
id. 21, 29, 5:
utraque (lex) sua via it,
Sen. Ben. 6, 6, 1; cf.
uterque, in apposit.: nec ipsi tam inter se acriter contenderunt, quam studia excitaverant uterque sui corporis hominum,
Liv. 26, 48, 6.—
3.
With sibi.
(α).
Sibi with pronom. force (cf. sui, IV. C. fin.):
reddam suum sibi,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 119 ( = ei; but referred to b, infra, by Brix ad loc.); cf.:
suam rem sibi salvam sistam,
id. Poen. 5, 2, 123:
idem lege sibi sua curationem petet,
for himself, Cic. Agr. 2, 9, 22 (cf. id. Phil. 2, 37, 96;
I. B. 2. b. supra): ut vindicare sibi suum fulgorem possint,
Sen. Q. N. 1, 1, 11; cf.
the formula of divorce: tuas res tibi habeto,
Dig. 24, 2, 2.—Hence, illam suam suas res sibi habere jussit, Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69.—
(β).
With sibi redundant, to strengthen suus (anteand post-class. and colloq.):
quo pacto serviat suo sibi patri,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 5:
eum necabam ilico per cerebrum pinna sua sibi, quasi turturem,
id. Poen. 2, 40; v. sui, IV. C. and the passages there cited.—
4.
With gen. agreeing with the subject of suus:
quas cum solus pertulisset ut sua unius in his gratia esset,
that the credit of it should belong to him alone, Liv. 2, 8, 3:
qui de sua unius sententia omnia gerat,
id. 44, 22, 11; cf.:
unam Aegyptus in hoc spem habet suam,
Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 2.—For suus ipsius, etc., v. D. 1. b. supra.—
5.
With demonstr., rel., or indef. pronn. and adjj., of his, hers, etc.:
postulat ut ad hanc suam praedam adjutores vos profiteamini,
to this booty of his, Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:
Sestius cum illo exercitu suo,
id. Sest. 5, 12:
qua gravitate sua,
id. ib. 61, 129:
suam rem publicam illam defenderunt,
that republic of theirs, id. ib. 67, 141:
in istum civem suum,
against this citizen of theirs, id. Balb. 18, 41:
cum illo suo pari,
id. Pis. 8, 18:
te nulla sua calamitate civitas satiare potest?
id. Phil. 8, 6, 19:
dubitatis igitur, quin vos M. Laterensis ad suam spem aliquam delegerit,
for some hope of his, id. Planc. 16, 39:
non tam sua ulla spe quam militum impetu tractus,
by any hope of his, Liv. 25, 21, 5:
nullo suo merito,
from no fault of theirs, id. 26, 29, 4:
ipse arcano cum paucis familiaribus suis colloquitur,
with a few of his friends, Caes. B. C. 1, 19.—
6.
With descriptive adjj.
(α).
Standing before the adj. and noun (so most freq.):
suorum improbissimorum sermonum domicilium,
Cic. Pis. 31, 76:
causam sui dementissimi consilii,
id. Phil. 2, 22, 53:
suam insatiabilem crudelitatem,
id. ib. 11, 3, 8:
suis amplissimis fortunis,
id. ib. 13, 8, 16:
suum pristinum morem,
id. Pis. 12, 27:
suis lenissimis postulatis,
Caes. B. C. 1, 5: simili ratione Pompeius in suis veteribus castris consedit (suis emphatic; cf. b, infra), id. ib. 3, 76.—
(β).
Between the adj. and noun (less emphatic):
pro eximiis suis beneficiis,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 4, 7:
propter summam suam humanitatem,
id. Fam. 15, 14, 1:
ex praeteritis suis officiis,
Caes. B. C. 3, 60:
Caesar in veteribus suis castris consedit,
id. ib. 3, 76.—
(γ).
After adj. and noun:
veterem amicum suum excepit,
Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43:
in illo ardenti tribunatu suo,
id. Sest. 54, 116.—
7.
Objectively for the pers. pron. (rare):
neque cuiquam mortalium injuriae suae parvae videntur ( = sibi illatae),
Sall. C. 51, 11; so,
neglectam ab Scipione et nimis leviter latam suam injuriam ratus,
Liv. 29, 9, 9:
ipsae enim leges te a cognitione sua judicio publico reppulerunt ( = a se cognoscendo),
Cic. Balb. 14, 32:
suam invidiam tali morte quaesitam ( = quaesitum esse ab eo ut homines se inviderent),
Tac. A. 3, 16; so,
nulla sua invidia,
Cic. Mil. 15, 40.—
8.
Abl. fem. sua, with refert or interest, for gen. of the pers. pron.: neminem esse qui quomodo se habeat nihil sua censeat interesse, Cic. Fin. 5, 10, 30:
si scit sua nihil interesse utrum anima per os, an per jugulum exeat,
Sen. Ep. 76, 33; v. intersum, III.—
9.
Strengthened by the suffix - pte or -met.
(α).
By - pte (not used with ipse) affixed to the forms sua, suo, and (ante-class.) suum:
quom illa osculata esset suumpte amicum,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 38:
ut terrena suopte nutu et suo pondere in terram ferantur,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:
ferri suopte pondere,
id. N. D. 1, 25, 69:
suapte natura,
id. Fat. 18, 42:
suapte vi et natura,
id. ib. 19, 43; id. Fin. 1, 16, 54; 5, 22, 61:
suopte ingenio,
Liv. 25, 18; so id. 1, 25, 1; 1, 18, 4:
suapte manu,
Cic. Or. 3, 3, 10:
locus suapte natura infestus,
Liv. 44, 6, 9; so,
suapte natura,
id. 4, 22, 4:
flumina suapte natura vasta,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 8; so id. Ben. 4, 17, 2:
sponte suapte,
Varr. L. L. 6, 7, § 70.—
(β).
With - met, almost always followed by ipse (in all forms of suus except suus, suum, suae, and suorum):
suomet ipsi more,
Sall. J. 31, 6:
suomet ipsi instrumento,
Liv. 22, 14, 13:
suomet ipsi metu,
Tac. H. 3, 16 fin.:
suamet ipsum pecunia,
Sall. J. 8, 2:
suamet ipsae fraude,
Liv. 8, 18, 9:
intra suamet ipsum moenia,
id. 6, 36, 4:
suismet ipsi praesidiis,
id. 8, 25, 6:
suismet ipsis corporibus,
id. 2, 19, 5:
suosmet ipsi cives,
id. 2, 9, 5:
suasmet ipse spes,
Tac. A. 3, 66 fin. —Without ipse:
populum suimet sanguinis mercede,
Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 41, 25 Dietsch:
magna pars suismet aut proxumorum telis obtruncabantur,
id. ib. 2, 52 ib.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sua

9 suum

sŭus, a, um (old form sos, sa, sum; dat. plur. sis, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 301 Mull.; acc. sas. id. ib. p. 325 ib.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 47; Schol. Pers. 1, 108; sing. sam for suam, Fest. p. 47 Mull.;
so for suo, C. I. L. 5, 2007. In ante-class. verse su- with the following vowel freq. forms one syllable,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 48; id. Ps. 1, 3, 5; Ter. And. 1, 1, 68; Lucr. 1, 1022; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 189 sqq.), pron. poss., 3 d pers. [root SVA-; Sanscr. sva, own; cf. sui; Gr. seWo-, whence sphe, etc., and he; cf. heos], of or belonging to himself, herself, etc.; his own, her own, etc.; his, her, its, their; one ' s; hers, theirs.
I.
Ordinary possessive use his, etc. (cf. the similar use of the pers. pron. sui, q. v.).
A.
With antecedent in the same sentence.
1.
The antecedent a subject-nominative, expressed or understood.
(α).
His:
Caesar copias suas divisit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 97:
ille in sua sententia perseverat,
id. ib. 1, 72:
tantam habebat suarum rerum fiduciam,
id. ib. 2, 37:
cum sceleris sui socios Romae reliquisset,
Cic. Cat. 3, 1, 3:
cur ego non ignoscam si anteposuit suam salutem meae?
id. Pis. 32, 79; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45; id. Mil. 10, 27; id. Fam. 15, 14, 1:
Hanno praefecturam ejus (i.e. Muttinis) filio suo (Hannonis) dedit,
Liv. 26, 40, 7:
imperat princeps civibus suis,
Sen. Clem. 1, 16, 2:
nemo rem suam emit,
id. Ben. 7, 4, 8.—
(β).
Her:
mea Glycerium suos parentes repperit,
Ter. And. 5, 6, 5:
utinam haec ignoraret suum patrem,
id. Phorm. 5, 6, 34:
si nunc facere volt era officium suom,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 72:
ne eadem mulier cum suo conjuge honestissimum adulescentem oppressisse videatur,
Cic. Cael. 32, 78:
si omnibus suis copiis excellentem virum res publica armasset,
id. Phil. 13, 16, 32.—
(γ).
Its:
omne animal, simul et ortum est, et se ipsum et omnes partes suas diligit,
Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33:
cum mea domus ardore suo deflagrationem Italiae toti minaretur,
id. Planc. 40, 95.—
(δ).
Their: (legiones) si consulem suum reliquerunt, vituperandae sunt Cic. Phil. 5, 2, 4:
mittent aliquem de suo numero,
id. ib. 11, 10, 25:
rationem illi sententiae suae non fere reddebant,
id. Tusc. 1, 17, 38:
qui agellos suos redimere a piratis solebant,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 37, § 85:
edicunt ut ad suum vestitum senatores redirent,
id. Sest. 14, 32:
suis finibus eos prohibent,
Caes. B. G. 1, 1: Allobrogibus sese persuasuros existimabant ut per suos (Allobrogum) fines eos (Helvetios) ire paterentur, id. id. 1, 6;
and distributively: ac naves onerariae LXIII. in portu expugnatae, quaedam cum suis oneribus, frumento, armis, aere, etc.,
some with their several cargoes, Liv. 26, 47, 9.—
2.
With a subject-clause as antecedent:
id sua sponte apparebat tuta celeribus consiliis praepositurum,
was selfevident, Liv. 22, 38, 13:
ad id quod sua sponte satis collectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,
id. 3, 62, 1:
secutum tamen sua sponte est ut vilior ob ea regi Hannibal et suspectior fieret,
id. 35, 14, 4. —
3.
With subject-acc. as antecedent:
hanc dicam Athenis advenisse cum aliquo amatore suo, Plant. Mil. 2, 2, 86: doceo gratissimum esse in sua tribu Plancium,
Cic. Planc. 19, 47:
cupio eum suae causae confidere,
id. Sest. 64, 135:
suspicari debuit (Milo), eum (Clodium) ad villam suam (Clodii) deversurum,
id. Mil. 19, 51: Medeam praedicant in fuga fratris sui membra dissipavisse, id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 22:
(dixit) Caesarem pro sua dignitate debere et studium et iracundiam suam reipublicae dimittere,
Caes. B. C. 1, 8.—
4.
With object-acc. as antecedent.
(α).
Suus being an adjunct of the subject (generally rendered in Engl. by a pass. constr.):
hunc pater suus de templo deduxit,
he was taken from the temple by his father, Cic. Inv. 2, 17, 52:
hunc sui cives e civitate ejecerunt,
id. Sest. 68, 142:
Alexandrum uxor sua... occidit,
id. Inv. 2, 49, 144:
illum ulciscentur mores sui,
id. Att. 9, 12, 2:
quodsi quem natura sua... forte deficiet,
id. Or. 1, 14:
utrumque regem sua multitudo consalutaverat,
Liv. 1, 7, 1:
quas (urbes) sua virtus ac dii juvent, magnas sibi opes facere,
id. 1, 9, 3; 1, 7, 15; 6, 33, 5:
quos nec sua conscientia impulerit, nec, etc.,
id. 26, 33, 3; 25, 14, 7:
consulem C. Marium servus suus interemit,
Val. Max. 6, 8, 2:
quis non Vedium Pollionem pejus oderat quam servi sui?
Sen. Clem. 1, 18, 2:
sera dies sit qua illum gens sua caelo adserat,
id. Cons. Poll. 12 (31), 5.—With the antecedent understood from the principal sentence:
ita forma simili pueri ut mater sua internoscere (sc. eos) non posset,
Plaut. Men. prol. 19; and with suus as adjunct both of the subject and of the antecedent: jubet salvere suos vir uxorem suam, id. merc. 4, 3, 11. —
(β).
With impers. verbs:
sunt homines, quos libidinis infamiaeque suae neque pudeat neque taedeat,
Cic. Verr. 1, 12, 35:
video fore ut inimicos tuos poeniteat intemperantiae suae,
id. Fam. 3, 10, 1:
si Caesarem beneficii sui poeniteret,
id. Lig. 10, 29; so id. Agr. 2, 11, 26:
jam ne nobilitatis quidem suae plebejos poenitere,
Liv. 10, 7, 8:
militem jam minus virtutis poenitere suae,
id. 22, 12, 10.—
(γ).
As adjunct of other members of the sentence:
ad parentes suos ducas Silenium,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 86. nam is illius filiam conicit in navem clam matrem suam (i.e. filiae), id. Mil. 2, 1, 34:
eosdem ad quaestoris sui aut imperatoris, aut commilitonum suorum pericula impulistis,
Cic. Phil. 13, 17, 34:
totum enim ex sua patria sustulisti,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 127; id. Or. 3, 32, 126: quem (Hammonium) tibi etiam suo nomine ( on his own account) commendo... itaque peto a te ut ejus procuratorem et ipsum suo nomine diligas, id. Fam. 13, 21, 2:
Caesar Fabium in sua remittit hiberna,
Caes. B. G. 5, 33; id. B. C. 3, 24:
introire ad Ciceronem, et domi suae imparatum confodere,
Sall. C. 28, 1:
suis flammis delete Fidenas,
i. e. the flames kindled by the Fidenates, Liv. 4, 33, 5:
suo igni involvit hostes,
Tac. A. 14, 30:
quid Caesarem in sua fata inmisit?
Sen. Ep. 94, 65; id. Q. N. 1, praef. 7; cf.
with antecedent supplied from preceding sentence: non destiti rogare et petere (sc. Brutum) mea causa, suadere et hortari sua,
Cic. Att. 6, 2, 7.—
5.
With dat. as antecedent.
(α).
As adjunct of subject (cf. 4. supra):
suus rex reginae placet,
a queen likes her own king, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 76:
ei nunc alia ducenda'st domum, sua cognata Lemniensis,
id. Cist. 1, 1, 101:
Autronio nonne sodales, non collegae sui... defuerunt?
Cic. Sull. 2, 7:
si ceteris facta sua recte prosunt,
id. Cat. 3, 12, 27:
cui non magistri sui atque doctores, cui non... locus ipse... in mente versetur?
id. Planc. 33, 81:
haec omnia plane... Siculis erepta sunt: primum suae leges, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 13, § 33:
Romanis multitudo sua auxit animum,
Liv. 21, 50, 4:
sicuti populo Romano sua fortuna labet,
id. 42, 50, 7:
Lanuvinis sacra sua reddita,
id. 8, 14, 2:
vilitas sua illis detrahit pretium,
Sen. Ben. 4, 29, 2:
nemo est cui felicitas sua satisfaciat,
id. Ep. 115, 17:
labor illi suus restitutus est,
id. Brev. Vit. 20, 3:
magnitudo sua singulis constat,
id. Q. N. 1, 1, 10:
tantum sapienti sua, quantum Dec omnis aetas patet,
id. Ep. 53, 11. —
With antecedent supplied from principal sentence: mater quod suasit sua Adulescens mulier fecit, i.e. ei,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 38.—
(β).
Of other words:
regique Thebano regnum stabilivit suum,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 40:
mittam hodie huic suo die natali malam rem magnam,
id. Ps. 1, 3, 5:
ego Metello non irascor, neque ei suam vacationem eripio,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 68, § 164:
desinant insidiari domui suae consuli,
id. Cat. 1, 13, 32:
quibus ea res honori fuerit a suis civibus,
id. Mil. 35, 96: Scipio suas res Syracusanis restituit, Liv. [p. 1824] 29, 1, 17:
nos non suas (leges Lacedaemoniis arbitror) ademisse, sed nostras leges dedisse,
id. 39, 37, 6:
Graccho et Tuditano provinciae Lucani et Galliae cum suis exercitibus prorogatae,
id. 25, 3, 5.—
6.
With gen., abl., or object of a prep. as antecedent:
nec illius animi aciem praestringit splendor sui nominis,
Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43:
nolite a sacris patriis Junonis Sospitae domesticum et suum consulem avellere,
id. Mur. 41, 90:
quamvis tu magna mihi scripseris de Bruti adventu ad suas legiones,
id. Att. 14, 13, 12:
suae legis ad scriptum ipsam quoque sententiam adjungere,
the meaning of their law to which they refer, id. Inv. 2, 49, 147:
cum ambitio alterius suam primum apud eos majestatem solvisset,
Liv. 22, 42, 12:
nunc causam instituendorum ludorum ab origine sua repetam,
Val. Max. 2, 4, 4:
Jubam in regno suo non locorum notitia adjuvet, non popularium pro rege suo virtus,
Sen. Ep. 71, 10; id. Ben. 7, 6, 3; id. Clem. 1, 3, 4.—Esp. with cujusque as antecedent:
in qua deliberatione ad suam cujusque naturam consilium est omne revocandum,
Cic. Off. 1, 33, 119 (v. II. D. 2. infra).— Abl.:
operam dare ut sua lex ipso scripto videatur niti,
Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 147 (cf. supra):
(Caesar reperiebat) ad Galbam propter justitiam prudentiamque suam totius belli summam deferri,
Caes. B. G. 2, 4:
credere, ad suum concilium a Jove deos advocari,
Sen. Q. N. 2, 42, 1.—
7.
With predic. nom. as antecedent:
sapientissimi artis suae professores sunt a quibus et propria studia verecunde et aliena callide administrantur,
Val. Max. 8, 12, 1.—
8.
With appositive noun.
(α).
With gram. subject as antecedent:
hoc Anaximandro, populari ac sodali suo, non persuasit,
Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118:
vidit fortissimum virum, inimicissimum suum,
id. Mil. 9, 25:
(hic) fuit in Creta contubernalis Saturnini, propinqui sui,
id. Planc. 11, 27:
ut non per L. Crassum, adfinem suum... causam illam defenderit,
id. Balb. 21, 49:
ne cum hoc T. Broccho, avunculo, ne cum ejus filio, consobrino suo, ne nobiscum vivat,
id. Lig. 4, 11:
Caesar mittit ad eum A. Clodium, suum atque illius familiarem,
Caes. B. C. 3, 57.—
(β).
With object as antecedent:
Dicaearchum cum Aristoxeno, aequali et condiscipulo suo, omittamus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 41:
tres fratres optimos, non solum sibi ipsos, neque nobis, necessariis suis, sed etiam rei publicae condonavit,
id. Lig. 12, 36:
Varroni, quem, sui generis hominem,... vulgus extrahere ad consulatum nitebatur,
Liv. 22, 34, 2.—
(γ).
With appositive noun as antecedent:
si P. Scipionem, clarissimum virum, majorumque suorum simillimum res publica tenere potuisset,
Cic. Phil. 13, 14, 29:
M. Fabi Ambusti, potentis viri cum inter sui corporis homines, tum ad plebem, etc.,
Liv. 6, 34, 5:
C. vero Fabricii, et Q. Aemilii Papi, principum saeculi sui, domibus argentum fuisse confitear oportet,
Val. Max. 4, 4, 3.—
9.
In participial clauses.
(α).
The antecedent being the logical subject of the participle, and other than the principal subject:
credamus igitur Panaetio, a Platone suo dissentienti ( = qui dissentiebat),
Cic. Tusc. 1, 32, 79:
ea Sex. Roscium, expulsum ex suis bonis, recepit domum,
id. Rosc. Am. 10, 27:
diffidentemque rebus suis confirmavit,
id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23:
Dejotarum ad me venientem cum omnibus copiis suis, certiorem feci, etc.,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 7; id. Cat. 4, 9, 18: si hominis et suis et populi Romani ornamentis amplissimi ( being greatly distinguished) causam repudiassem, id. Mur. 4, 8:
stupentes tribunos et suam jam vicem magis anxios quam, etc., liberavit consensus populi Romani,
Liv. 8, 35, 1; 22, 42, 8:
manet in folio scripta querela suo ( = quam scripsit),
Ov. F. 5, 224; cf. in abl. absol.:
et ipsis (hostibus) regressis in castra sua,
Liv. 22, 60, 9:
quibus (speculis) si unum ostenderis hominem, populus adparet, unaquaque parte faciem exprimente sua,
Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 5.—
(β).
The logical subject of the participle, being also the principal subject:
sic a suis legionibus condemnatus irrupit in Galliam,
Cic. Phil. 10, 10, 21:
hunc agrum patres nostri, acceptum a majoribus suis ( = quem acceperant), perdiderunt,
id. Agr. 2, 31, 84:
ut in suis ordinibus dispositi dispersos adorirentur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 92: Appius, odium in se aliorum suo in eos metiens odio, haud ignaro, inquit, imminet fortuna, Liv. 3, 54, 3:
ipsa capit Condita in pharetra ( = quae condiderat) tela minora sua,
Ov. F. 2, 326; cf. in abl. absol.:
Sopater, expositis suis difficultatibus ( = cum exposuisset, etc.): Timarchidem... perducit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69:
Caesar, primum suo deinde omnium ex conspectu remotis equis, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25:
Campani, audita sua pariter sociorumque clade, legatos ad Hannibalem miserunt,
Liv. 25, 15, 1:
(Appius) deposito suo magistratu... domum est reductus,
id. 4, 24, 7; 3, 35, 9; 9, 10, 13; 9, 41, 9.—
(γ).
The antecedent being the principal subject, not the logical subject of the participle:
M. Papirius dicitur Gallo, barbam suam (i.e. Papirii) permulcenti,... iram movisse,
Liv. 5, 41, 9: cum Gracchus, verecundia deserendi socios, implorantis fidem suam populique Romani, substitisset. id. 23, 36, 8; cf. in abl. absol.:
si sine maximo dedecore, tam impeditis suis rebus, potuisset emori,
Cic. Rab. Post. 10, 29; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Planc. 21, 51; id. Clu. 14, 42:
ita (consul) proelio uno accidit Vestinorum res, haudquaquam tamen incruento milite suo (consulis),
Liv. 8, 29, 12; cf.
with antecedent to be supplied: Campani, cum, robore juventutis suae acciso, nulla (sc. eis) propinqua spes esset, etc.,
id. 7, 29, 7.—
10.
In gerund. construction. ( a) With subject as antecedent:
mihi ipsa Roma ad complectendum conservatorem suum progredi visa est,
Cic. Pis. 22, 52.—
(β).
With object, the logical subjects of the gerund as antecedent:
cur iis persequendi juris sui... adimis potestatem?
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21:
si senatui doloris sui de me declarandi potestas esset erepta,
id. Sest. 23, 51:
nec tribunis plebis (spatium datur) sui periculi deprecandi,
Caes. B. C. 1, 5.—
(γ).
With antecedent dependent on the gerund:
eamque rem illi putant a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam,
Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19.—
11.
As adjunct of a noun dependent on a subjectinf., with its logical subject as antecedent:
magnum Miloni fuit, conficere illam pestem nulla sua invidia?
Cic. Mil. 15, 40:
neque enim fuit Gabinii, remittere tantum de suo nec regis, imponere tantum plus suis,
his claim, id. Rab. Post. 11, 31:
Piso, cui fructum pietatis suae neque ex me neque a populo Romano ferre licuit,
id. Sest. 31, 68:
ei cujus magis intersit, vel sua, vel rei publicae causa vivere,
id. Off. 3, 23, 90:
sapientis est consilium explicare suum de maximis rebus,
id. Or. 2, 81, 333; id. Mil. 15, 41.—With logical subject understood:
totam Italiam suis colonis ut complere (sc. eis) liceat, permittitur,
Cic. Agr. 2, 13, 34:
maximum (sc. eis) solacium erit, propinquorum eodem monumento declarari, et virtutem suorum, et populi Romani pietatem,
id. Phil. 14, 13, 35.
B.
Without gram. antec., one ' s, one ' s own.
1.
Dependent on subject-inff.:
ejusdem animi est, posteris suis amplitudinem nobis quam non acceperit tradere, et memoriam prope intermortuam generis sui, virtute renovare,
Cic. Mur. 7, 16:
siquidem atrocius est, patriae parentem quam suum occidere,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:
miliens perire est melius quam in sua civitate sine armorum praesidio non posse vivere,
id. ib. 2, 44, 112: quanto est honestius, alienis injuriis quam suis commoveri, one ' s own, id. Verr. 2, 3, 72, § 169:
contentum suis rebus esse maximae sunt certissimaeque divitiae,
id. Par. 6, 51:
ut non liceat sui commodi causa nocere alteri,
id. Off. 3, 5, 23:
detrahere de altero sui commodi causa,
id. ib. 3, 5, 24:
suis exemplis melius est uti,
Auct. Her. 4, 1, 2:
levius est sua decreta tollere quam aliorum,
Liv. 3, 21. 5; 39, 5, 2;
29, 37, 11: satius est vitae suae rationes quam frumenti publici nosse,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 3:
quanto satius est sua mala exstinguere quam aliena posteris tradere?
id. Q. N. 3, praef. 5:
cum initia beneficiorum suorum spectare, tum etiam exitus decet,
id. Ben. 2, 14, 2; 3, 1, 5:
Romani nominis gloriae, non suae, composuisse illa decuit,
Plin. 1, prooem. § 16.—With 1 st pers. plur., as indef. antecedent: cum possimus ab Ennio sumere... exemplum, videtur esse arrogantia illa relinquere, et ad sua devenire, to one ' s own = to our own, Auct. Her. 4, 1, 2.—
2.
Without a subject-inf.:
omnia torquenda sunt ad commodum suae causae... sua diligenter narrando,
Cic. Inv. 1, 21, 30: ut in ceteris habenda ratio non sua (al. sui) solum, sed etiam aliorum, id. Off. 1, 39, 139:
erat Dareo mite ac tractabile ingenium, nisi suam naturam plerumque fortuna corrumperet (suam not referring to Dareo),
Curt. 3, 2, 17 MSS. (Foss, mansuetam). — With 1 st pers. plur., as indef. antecedent (cf. 1. supra):
non erit ista amicitia sed mercatura quaedam utilitatum suarum,
Cic. N. D. 1, 44, 122; cf.: pro suo possidere, II. A. 2. a. g; and Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73, II. A. 2. b. a; cf. also II. B. 1. a; II. B. 5. c.; II. B. 7. b.; II. C. 8. b. b infra.
C.
With antec. in a previous sentence. Here ejus, eorum, earum are used for his, her, their, unless the clause is oblique in regard to the antecedent, i. e. the antecedent is conceived as the author of the statement.
1.
In clauses dependent on a verbum sentiendi or dicendi, expressed or understood, referring to the grammatical or logical subject of the verb.
a.
In infinitive clauses:
(Clodius) Caesaris potentiam suam potentiam esse dicebat,
Cic. Mil. 32, 88:
(Caelius) a sua (causa) putat ejus (i.e. Ascitii) esse sejunctam,
id. Cael. 10, 24:
ipsos certo scio non negare ad haec bona Chrysogonum accessisse impulsu suo (referring to ipsos),
id. Rosc. Am. 37, 107:
hostes viderunt,... suorum tormentorum usum spatio propinquitatis interire,
Caes. B. C. 2, 16:
docent, sui judicii rem non esse,
id. ib. 1, 13.—The reference of suus may be ambiguous, esp. if an infinitive is dependent on another:
hoc Verrem dicere ajebant, te... opera sua consulem factum, i.e. Verris, though grammatically it might refer to the subj. of aiebant,
Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 29:
(Ariovistus) dixit neminem secum sine sua pernicie contendisse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 36; cf. the context with, in all, eleven reflexive pronouns referring to four different antecedents (populus Romanus, Ariovistus, Caesar, nemo); cf.
also: occurrebat ei, mancam praeturam suam futuram consule Milone,
Cic. Mil. 9, 25; 32, 88; Liv. 3, 42, 2.—
b.
Suus in a clause dependent on inf.:
scio equidem, ut, qui argentum afferret atque expressam imaginem suam (i.e. militis) huc ad nos, cum eo ajebat velle mitti mulierem,
Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 55:
isti bonorum emptores arbitrantur, vos hic sedere qui excipiatis eos qui de suis (i.e. emptorum) manibus effugerint,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 151:
Siculi venisse tempus ajebant ut commoda sua defenderem,
id. Div. in Caecil. 1, 3:
ut tunc tandem sentiret recuperanda esse quae prius sua culpa amissa forent,
Liv. 44, 8, 4. —
Ambiguous: velle Pompejum se Caesari purgatum, ne ea quae reipublicae causa egerit (Pompejus) in suam (i.e. Caesaris) contumeliam vertat (where suam might be referred to Pompejus),
Caes. B. C. 1, 8.—
c.
In oblique clauses introduced by ut or ne, or clauses subordinate to such:
Cassius constituit ut ludi absente te fierent suo nomine,
Cic. Att. 15, 11, 2:
postulat ut ad hanc suam praedam tam nefariam adjutores vos profiteamini,
id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:
Nasidius eos magnopere hortatur ut rursus cum Bruti classe, additis suis (i.e. Nasidii) auxiliis confligant,
Caes. B. C. 2, 3:
(regem) denuntiasse sibi ut triduo regni sui decederent finibus,
Liv. 42, 25, 12:
Sabinae mulieres, hinc patres, hinc viros orantes, ne parricidio macularent partus suos (i.e. mulierum),
id. 1, 13, 2:
Patron praecepit suis ut arma induerent, ad omne imperium suum parati,
Curt. 5, 11, 1.—With reflex. pron., referring to a different antecedent:
ad hanc (Laidem) Demosthenes clanculum adit, et ut sibi copiam sui faceret, petit,
Gell. 1, 8, 5. —
d.
In subordinate clauses introduced by quin or quod:
(Dejotarus) non recusat quin id suum facinus judices,
Cic. Deiot. 15, 43; so id. ib. 4, 15;
16, 45: parietes hujus curiae tibi gratias agere gestiunt, quod futura sit illa auctoritas in his majorum suorum et suis sedibus,
id. Marcell. 3, 10:
quidni gauderet quod iram suam nemo sentiret?
Sen. Troad. 3, 13:
querenti quod uxor sua e fico se suspendisset,
Quint. 6, 3, 88;
and with intentional ambiguity: cum Proculejus quereretur de filio quod is mortem suam expectaret,
id. 9, 3, 68. —
e.
In interrogative clauses:
si, quod officii sui sit, non occurrit animo, nihil umquam omnino aget,
Cic. Ac. 2, 8, 25:
ut non auderet iterum dicere quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,
id. Caecin. 10, [p. 1825] 28:
donec sciat unisquisque quid sui, quid alieni sit,
Liv. 6, 27, 8:
rex ignarus, quae cum Hannibale legatis suis convenisset, quaeque legati ejus ad se allaturi fuissent,
id. 23, 39, 2:
postquam animadvertit quantus agminis sui terror esset,
id. 43, 19, 5. —
2.
In a virtually oblique clause.
a.
In final clause, introduced by ut, ne, or rel., referring to the subject of the purpose:
me a portu praemisit domum, ut haec nuntiem uxori suae,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 41:
quasi Appius ille Caecus viam muniverit, non qua populus uteretur, sed ubi impune sui posteri latrocinarentur, i. e. Appii,
Cic. Mil. 7, 17:
quae gens ad Caesarem legatos mise. rat, ut suis omnibus facultatibus uteretur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 80:
inde castra movent, ne qua vis sociis suis ab Romano exercitu inferri possit,
Liv. 43, 23, 5:
(Romani) Albam a fundamentis proruerunt, ne memoria originum suarum exstaret,
id. 26, 13, 16:
oppidani nuntios Romam, qui certiorem de suo casu senatum facerent, misere,
id. 6, 33, 7; cf.:
tanto intervallo ab hostibus consedit, ut nec adventus suus propinquitate nimia nosci posset, et, etc.,
Liv. 10, 20, 7:
Datames locum delegit talem ut non multum obesse multitudo hostium suae paucitati posset,
Nep. Dat. 7, 3:
quid si gubernator a diis procellas petat ut gratior ars sua periculo fiat?
Sen. Ben. 6, 25, 4. —
b.
In other dependent clauses represented as conceived by an antecedent in the principal sentence:
Sulla, si sibi suus pudor ac dignitas non prodesset, nullum auxilium requisivit ( = negavit se defendi velle, si, etc.),
Cic. Sull. 5, 15:
Paetus omnes libros quos frater suus reliquisset mihi donavit ( = dixit se donare libros quos, etc.),
id. Att. 2, 1, 12:
non enim a te emit, sed, priusquam tu suum sibi venderes, ipse possedit ( = potitus est, ne, etc.),
id. Phil. 2, 37, 96:
Africanus, si sua res ageretur, testimonium non diceret,
id. Rosc. Am. 36, 3:
ille ipse (Pompejus) proposuit epistulam illam, in qua est Pro tuis rebus gestis amplissimis. Amplioribusne quam suis, quam Africani?
id. Att. 8, 9, 2:
spiritus dabat (Manlio) quod... vinculorum suorum invidiam dictator fugisset,
Liv. 6, 18, 4:
(Numa) Camenis eum lucum sacravit, quod earum ibi concilia cum conjuge sua Egeria essent,
id. 1, 21, 3:
adulescens deos omnis invocare ad gratiam illi pro se referendam, quoniam sibi nequaquam satis facultatis pro suo animo atque illius erga se esset,
id. 26, 50, 4 (cf. D. 1. a. infra).
D.
In the place of ejus.
1.
In clauses virtually oblique, but with indicative, being conceived by the antecedent (hence suus, not ejus), but asserted as fact by the author (hence indicative, not subjunctive):
Cicero tibi mandat ut Aristodemo idem respondeas, quod de fratre suo (Ciceronis) respondisti,
Cic. Att. 2, 7, 4:
oriundi ab Sabinis, ne, quia post Tatii mortem ab sua parte non erat regnatum, imperium amitterent, sui corporis creari regem volebant,
Liv. 1, 17, 2:
C. Caesar villam pulcherrimam, quia mater sua aliquando in illa custodita erat, diruit,
Sen. Ira, 3, 21, 5:
Philemonem, a manu servum, qui necem suam per venenum inimicis promiserat, non gravius quam simplici morte punivit,
Suet. Caes. 74; cf.:
quomodo excandescunt si quid e juba sua decisum est,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 3.—
2.
To avoid ambiguity:
petunt rationes illius (Catilinae) ut orbetur consilio res publica, ut minuatur contra suum (i.e. Catilinae) furorem imperatorum copia (instead of ejus, which might be referred to res publica),
Cic. Mur. 39, 83:
equites a cornibus positos, cum jam pelleretur media peditum suorum acies, incurrisse ab lateribus ferunt,
Liv. 1, 37, 3.—
3.
Colloquially and in epistolary style suus is used emphatically instead of ejus, with the meaning own, peculiar: deinde ille actutum subferret suus servus poenas Sosia, his own slave (opp. Mercury, who personates Sosias), Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 19: mira erant in civitatibus ipsorum furta Graecorum quae magistratus sui fecerant, their own magistrates ( = ipsorum), Cic. Att. 6, 2, 5:
in quibus (litteris Bruti) unum alienum summa sua prudentia (est), ut spectem ludos suos,
his peculiar prudence, id. ib. 15, 26, 1; so,
quod quidem ille (Nero) decernebat, quorumdam dolo ad omina sui exitus vertebatur,
Tac. A. 16, 24; cf. II. A. 1. b and g; II. A. 2. a. b; II. B. 3.—
4.
Without particular emphasis (mostly ante- and post-class. and poet.):
tum erit tempestiva cum semen suum maturum erit,
Cato, R. R. 31:
vitis si macra erit, sarmenta sua concidito minute,
id. ib. 37:
qui sic purgatus erit, diuturna valetudine utatur, neque ullus morbus veniet, nisi sua culpa,
id. ib. 157:
Cimon in eandem invidiam incidit quam pater suus,
Nep. Cim. 3, 1:
id qua ratione consecutus sit (Lysander) latet. Non enim virtute sui exercitus factum est, etc.,
id. Lys. 1, 2:
ipse sub Esquiliis, ubi erat regia sua, Concidit,
Ov. F. 6, 601:
quodque suus conjux riguo collegerat horto, Truncat olus foliis,
id. M. 8, 646; so id. ib. 15, 819.
II.
In partic.
A.
As substt.
1.
sui, suorum, m., his, their (etc.) friends, soldiers, fellow-beings, equals, adherents, followers, partisans, posterity, slaves, family, etc., of persons in any near connection with the antecedent.
(α).
(Corresp. to the regular usage, I. A. B. C.) Cupio abducere ut reddam (i.e. eam) suis, to her family, friends, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 77; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 66:
cum animus societatem caritatis coierit cum suis, omnesque natura conjunctos suos duxerit,
fellow-beings, Cic. Leg. 1, 23, 60:
mulier ingeniosa praecepit suis omnia Caelio pollicerentur,
her slaves, id. Cael. 25, 62:
quo facilius et nostras domos obire, et ipse a suis coli possit,
his friends, id. ib. 7, 18:
qua gratiam beneficii vestri cum suorum laude conjungant,
their family, id. Agr. 2, 1, 1:
vellem hanc contemptionem pecuniae suis reliquisset,
to his posterity, id. Phil. 3, 6, 16:
cum divisurum se urbem palam suis polliceretur,
his partisans, id. ib. 13, 9, 19:
Caesar, cohortatus suos, proelium commisit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25; so,
Curio exercitum reduxit, suis omnibus praeter Fabium incolumibus,
id. B. C. 2, 35:
Caesar receptui suorum timens,
id. ib. 3, 46:
certior ab suis factus est, praeclusas esse portas,
id. ib. 2, 20:
omnium suorum consensu, Curio bellum ducere parabat,
id. ib. 2, 37: so,
Pompejus suorum omnium hortatu statuerat proelio decertare,
id. ib. 3, 86:
Caesar Brundisium ad suos severius scripsit,
to his officers, id. ib. 3, 25:
naviculam conscendit cum paucis suis,
a few of his followers, id. ib. 3, 104:
multum cum suis consiliandi causa secreto praeter consuetudinem loqueretur,
id. ib. 1, 19:
nupsit Melino, adulescenti inprimis inter suos et honesto et nobili,
his equals, associates, Cic. Clu. 5, 11:
rex raptim a suis in equum impositus fugit,
his suite, Liv. 41, 4, 7:
subsidio suorum proelium restituere,
comrades, id. 21, 52, 10:
feras bestias... ad opem suis ferendam avertas,
their young, id. 26, 13, 12:
abstulit sibi in suos potestatem,
his slaves, Sen. Ira, 3, 12, 6:
Besso et Nabarzani nuntiaverant sui regem... interemptum esse,
their fellow - conspirators, Curt. 5, 12, 14. — Very rarely sing.:
ut bona mens suis omnibus fuerit. Si quem libido abripuit, illorum eum, cum quibus conjuravit, non suum judicet esse,
Liv. 39, 16, 5.—
(β).
Irregular use (acc. to I. D.): sui = ejus amici, etc. (freq.;
the absolute use of ejus in this sense being inadmissible): quasi vero quisquam dormiat? ne sui quidem hoc velint, non modo ipse (sui = ejus amici, liberi),
Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:
is (annus) ejus omnem spem... morte pervertit. Fuit hoc luctuosum suis, acerbum patriae, etc.,
id. Or. 3, 2, 8:
quadrigas, quia per suos ( = ipsius milites) agendae erant, in prima acie locaverat rex,
Liv. 37, 41, 8:
auctoritatem Pisistrati qui inter suos ( = ejus cives) maxima erat,
id. 37, 12:
quo cum multitudine adversariorum sui superarentur, ipse fuit superior, etc.,
Nep. Hann. 8, 4; v. g.—
(γ).
Without antecedent (cf. I. B. supra): quoties necesse est fallere aut falli a suis, by one ' s friends, Sen. Phoen. 493.—
(δ).
Sing.: sŭa, suae. f., a sweetheart, mistress (rare): illam suam suas res sibi habere jussit. Cic. Phil. 2, 28. 69:
cedo quid hic faciet sua?
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 92.—
2.
sŭum, i, n., and more freq. sŭa, suorum, n. plur., = one ' s property.
a.
Sing.
(α).
Lit.:
nec suom adimerem alteri,
his property, his own, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 38 (34):
nunc si ille salvos revenit, reddam suom sibi (v. D. 3. a. infra),
id. ib. 1, 2, 119:
illum studeo quam facillime ad suum pervenire,
Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 4:
populi Romani hanc esse consuetudinem ut socios sui nihil deperdere velit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 43; cf. Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 3, I. A. 11. supra:
nec donare illi de suo dicimur,
Sen. Ben. 7, 4, 2; so esp. with quisque; v. infra — Hence, de suo = per se, or sua sponte;
(stellae) quae per igneos tractus labentia inde splendorem trahant caloremque, non de suo clara,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 1, 6. —
(β).
Trop.:
meum mihi placebat, illi suum (of a literary essay),
Cic. Att. 14, 20, 3: suom quemque decet, his own manners, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 11; so, expendere oportet quid quisque habeat sui ( what peculiarities) nec velle experiri quam se aliena deceant;
id enim maxime quemque decet quod est cujusque maxime suum,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 113.—
(γ).
Jurid. term: aliquid pro suo possidere, to possess in the belief of one ' s legal right:
pro suo possessio tale est, cum dominium nobis acquiri putamus. Et ea causa possidemus ex qua acquiritur, et praeterea pro suo,
Dig. 41, 10, 1;
so without an antecedent, and referring to a first person: item re donata, pro donato et pro suo possideo,
ib. 41, 10, 1; v. the whole tit. ib. 42, 10 (Pro suo); cf. ib. 23, 3, 67; cf. C., infra fin.;
similarly: usucapere pro suo = acquire dominion by a possession pro suo, Fragm. Vat. 111: res pro suo, quod justam causam possidendi habet, usucapit,
id. ib. 260; Dig. 41, 3, 27. —
b.
Plur.
(α).
One ' s property:
Roscius tibi omnia sua praeter animam tradidit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 146:
qui etiam hostibus externis victis sua saepissime reddiderunt,
id. Agr. 1, 6, 19:
tu autem vicinis tuis Massiliensibus sua reddis,
id. Att. 14, 14, 6:
Remi legatos miserunt qui dicerent se suaque omnia in fidem atque potestatem populi Romani permittere,
Caes. B. G. 2, 3, 2; 1, 11, 2; 2, 13, 2:
ipsi milites alveos informes quibus se suaque transveherent, faciebant,
their baggage, Liv. 21, 26, 9:
docere eos qui sua permisere fortunae,
Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. 7; so without an antecedent, one ' s own property (cf. I. B. 2. supra):
hanc ob causam maxime ut sua tenerentur res publicae constitutae sunt,
Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73;
rarely = eorum res: quod vero etiam sua reddiderint (i.e. Gallis),
Liv. 39, 55, 3. —
(β).
One ' s own affairs:
aliena ut melius videant et dijudicent Quam sua,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 96:
cognoscunt... immobile agmen et sua quemque molientem,
Liv. 10, 20, 8:
omnia ei hostium non secus quam sua nota erant,
id. 22, 41, 5:
aliena cum suis perdidit,
Sen. Ben. 7, 16, 3.— Absol., referring to a noun fem.: sua (finxit) C. Cassius ( = suas persuasiones; cf.
the context),
Quint. 6, 3, 90.
B.
Predicative uses: suum esse, facere, fieri, putare, etc., like a gen. poss., to be, etc., the property, or under the dominion, control, power of the antecedent.
1.
Of property in things.
(α).
Corporeal:
scripsit causam dicere Prius aurum quare sit suum,
Ter. Eun. prol. 11:
nihil erat cujusquam quod non hoc anno suum fore putabat (Clodius),
Cic. Mil. 32, 87:
quia suum cujusque fit, eorum quae natura fuerant communia quod cuique obtigit, id quisque teneat,
id. Off. 1, 7, 21:
Juba suam esse praedicans praedam,
Caes. B. C. 3, 84:
gratum sibi populum facturum, si omnes res Neapolitanorum suas duxissent,
Liv. 22, 32, 8: libros esse dicimus Ciceronis;
eosdem Dorus librarius suos vocat,
Sen. Ben. 7, 6, 1:
cum enim istarum personarum nihil suum esse possit,
since these persons can own nothing, Gai. Inst. 2, 96; cf. Dig. 1, 7, 15 pr.—Virtually predicative:
referas ad eos qui suam rem nullam habent ( = rem quae sua sit),
nothing of their own, Cic. Phil. 2, 6, 15:
qui in potestate nostra est, nihil suum habere potest,
Gai. Inst. 2, 84. — ( b) Of literary works:
quae convenere in Andriam ex Perinthia Fatetur transtulisse, atque usum pro suis ( = quasi sua essent),
Ter. And. prol. 14:
potest autem... quae tum audiet... ingenue pro suis dicere,
his own thoughts, Quint. 12, 3, 3.—
(γ).
Of a country or people:
suum facere = suae dicionis facere: commemorat ut (Caesar) magnam partem Italiae beneficio atque auctoritate eorum suam fecerit,
Caes. B. C. 2, 32:
in quam (Asiam) jam ex parte suam fecerit,
Liv. 44, 24, 4:
crudelissima ac superbissima gens sua omnia suique arbitrii facit,
id. 21, 44, 5.—
(δ).
Trop.:
omnia sua putavit quae vos vestra esse velletis,
Cic. Phil. 11, 12, 27:
non meminit, illum exercitum senatus populique Romani esse, non suum,
id. ib. 13, 6, 4: [p. 1826] probavit, non rempublicam suam esse, sed se reipublicae, Sen. Clem. 1, 19, 8;
so of incorporeal things: hi si velint scire quam brevis eorum vita sit, cogitent ex quota parte sua sit,
how much of it is their own, id. Brev. Vit. 19, 3; so, suum facere, to appropriate:
prudentis est, id quod in quoque optimum est, si possit, suum facere,
Quint. 10, 2, 26:
quaeremus quomodo animus (hanc virtutem) usu suam faciat,
Sen. Clem. 1, 3, 1.—
2.
Of persons.
(α).
Under a master ' s or father ' s control:
ut lege caverent, ne quis quem civitatis mutandae causa suum faceret, neve alienaret,
make any one his slave, Liv. 41, 8, 12: quid eam tum? suamne esse ajebat, his daughter, i.e. in his power? Ter. And. 5, 4, 29:
eduxit mater pro sua ( = quasi sua esset),
id. Eun. 1, 2, 76.—
(β).
Reflexively = sui juris, independent, one ' s own master or mistress, not subject to another ' s control, under one ' s own control (v. sui juris, infra):
ancilla, quae mea fuit hodie, sua nunc est,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 3.—
(γ).
Of moral power over others: suus = devoted to one:
hice hoc munere arbitrantur Suam Thaidem esse,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 38:
eos hic fecit suos Paulo sumptu,
id. Ad. 5, 4, 21:
sed istunc exora, ut (mulierem) suam esse adsimulet,
to be friendly to him, id. Heaut. 2, 3, 117:
cum Antonio sic agens ut perspiciat, si in eo negotio nobis satisfecerit, totum me futurum suum,
Cic. Att. 14, 1 a, 2:
Alpheus... utebatur populo sane suo,
devoted to him, id. Quint. 7, 29.— Poet.: vota suos habuere deos, the vows (inst. of the persons uttering them) had the gods on their side, Ov. M. 4, 373. —
(δ).
Of power over one's self, etc.:
nam qui sciet ubi quidque positum sit, quaque eo veniat, is poterit eruere, semperque esse in disputando suus,
self-possessed, Cic. Fin. 4, 4, 10:
inaestimabile bonum est suum fieri,
selfcontrol, Sen. Ep. 75, 18:
(furiosus) qui suus non est,
Dig. 42, 4, 7, § 9:
vix sua, vix sanae virgo Niseia compos Mentis erat,
Ov. M. 8, 35. —
3.
Suum est, as impers. predicate: = ejus est, characteristic of, peculiar to one (very rare):
dixit antea, sed suum illud est, nihil ut affirmet,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99.
C.
Attributive usages, almost always (except in Seneca) with suus before its noun.
1.
The property, relations, affairs, etc., of one opposed to those of another, own.
a.
Opposition expressed:
nihil de suo casu, multa de vestro querebatur,
Cic. Balb. 8, 21:
sua sibi propiora pericula quam mea loquebantur,
id. Sest. 18, 40:
suasque et imperatoris laudes canentes,
Liv. 45, 38, 12:
damnatione collegae et sua,
id. 22, 35, 3:
Senecae fratris morte pavidum et pro sua incolumitate pavidum,
Tac. A. 14, 73:
velut pro Vitellio conquerentes suum dolorem proferebant,
id. H. 3, 37;
opp. alienus: ut suo potius tempore mercatorem admitterent, quam celerius alieno,
at a time convenient to themselves, Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 11. —Without antecedent, opp. externus:
(Platoni) duo placet esse motus, unum suum, alterum externum, esse autem divinius quod ipsum ex se sua sponte moveatur, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32. —
b.
Implied:
voluptatem suis se finibus tenere jubeamus,
within the limits assigned to it, Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 1:
cum vobis immortale monumentum suis paene manibus senatus... exstruxerit,
id. Phil. 14, 12, 33:
superiores (amnes) in Italia, hic (Rhodanus) trans Alpes, hospitales suas tantum, nec largiores quam intulere aquas vehentes,
Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 224: colligitur aqua ex imbribus;
ex suo fonte nativa est,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 3:
pennas ambo non habuere suas (non suas = alienas),
Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 24. —
c.
In particular phrases. ( a) Sua sponte and suo Marte, of one ' s own accord, by one ' s self, without the suggestion, influence, aid, etc., of others:
Caesar bellum contra Antonium sua sponte suscepit,
Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5:
sua sponte ad Caesarem in jus adierunt,
Caes. B. C. 1, 87.—So of things, = per se, by or of itself, for itself, for its own sake:
jus et omne honestum sua sponte expetendum (cf. in the context: per se igitur jus est expetendum),
Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48: justitium sua sponte inceptum priusquam indiceretur, by itself, i. e. without a decree, Liv. 9, 7, 8; so,
sortes sua sponte attenuatas,
id. 22, 1, 11 (cf. id. 22, 38, 13; 35, 14, 4, I. A. 2., supra): rex enim ipse, sua sponte, nullis commentariis Caesaris, simul atque audivit ejus interitum suo Marte res suas recuperavit, Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95.—
(β).
Suus locus, in milit. lang., one ' s own ground, position, or lines:
restitit suo loco Romana acies (opp. to the advance of the enemy),
Liv. 22, 16, 2.—So figuratively:
et staturas suo loco leges,
Sen. Ben. 2, 20, 2:
aciem instruxit primum suis locis, pauloque a castris Pompeji longius,
Caes. B. C. 3, 84 (cf.: suo loco, 7. b. g, infra).—
(γ).
For suo jure v. 3. infra.—
(δ).
Sua Venus = one's own Venus, i. e. good luck (v. Venus): ille non est mihi par virtutibus, nec officiis;
sed habuit suam Venerem,
Sen. Ben. 2, 28, 2. —
2.
Of private relations (opp. to public):
ut in suis rebus, ita in re publica luxuriosus nepos,
Cic. Agr. 2, 18, 48:
deinde ut communibus pro communibus utatur, privatis ut suis,
id. Off. 1, 7, 20:
quod oppidum Labienus sua pecunia exaedificaverat,
Caes. B. C. 1, 15:
militibus agros ex suis possessionibus pollicetur,
i. e. his private property, id. ib. 1, 17; Sen. Ben. 7, 6, 3. —
3.
Of just rights or claims:
imperatori senatuique honos suus redditus,
due to them, Liv. 3, 10, 3:
neque inpedimento fuit, quominus religionibus suus tenor suaque observatio redderetur,
Val. Max. 1, 1, 8:
quibus omnibus debetur suus decor,
Quint. 11, 1, 41. —
So distributively: is mensibus suis dimisit legionem,
in the month in which each soldier was entitled to his discharge, Liv. 40, 41, 8. — Esp.: suo jure (so, meo, nostro, tuo, etc., jure), by his own right:
Tullus Hostilius qui suo jure in porta nomen inscripsit,
Cic. Phil. 13, 12, 26:
earum rerum hic A. Licinius fructum a me repetere prope suo jure debet,
id. Arch. 1, 1; id. Marcell. 2, 6; id. Phil. 2, 25, 62; id. Balb. 8, 21:
numquam illum res publica suo jure esset ulta,
by its unquestionable right, id. Mil. 33, 88. —
4.
Of that to which one is exclusively devoted:
huic quaestioni suum diem dabimus,
a day for its exclusive discussion, Sen. Ep. 94, 52:
homini autem suum bonum ratio est,
his exclusive good, id. ib. 76, 10:
in majorem me quaestionem vocas, cui suus locus, suus dies dandus est,
id. Q. N. 2, 46, 1. —
With proprius: mentio inlata apud senatum est, rem suo proprio magistratu egere,
that the business needed a particular officer exclusively for itself, Liv. 4, 8, 4:
et Hannibalem suo proprio occupandum bello,
id. 27, 38, 7; cf.:
dissupasset hostes, ni suo proprio eum proelio equites Volscorum exceptum tenuissent,
in which they alone fought, id. 3, 70, 4:
mare habet suas venas quibus impletur,
by which it alone is fed, Sen. Q. N. 3, 14, 3. —
5.
According to one ' s liking, of one ' s own choice.
a.
Of persons, devoted to one, friendly, dear:
Milone occiso (Clodius) habuisset suos consules,
after his own heart, Cic. Mil. 33, 89:
collegit ipse se contra suum Clodium,
his dear Clodius, id. Pis. 12, 27 (cf.: suum facere, habere, II. B. 2. g).—
b.
Of things, favorable.
(α).
Of place: neque Jugurtham nisi... suo loco pugnam facere, on his own ground, i. e. chosen by him, favorable, Sall. J. 61, 1:
hic magna auxilia expectabant et suis locis bellum in hiemem ducere cogitabant,
Caes. B. C. 1, 61; cf.:
numquam nostris locis laboravimus,
Liv. 9, 19, 15.—
(β).
Of time:
cum Perseus suo maxime tempore et alieno hostibus incipere bellum posset,
Liv. 42, 43, 3; v. 7. b, infra. —
c.
Of circumstances: sua occasio, a favorable opportunity; sometimes without antecedent:
neque occasioni tuae desis, neque suam occasionem hosti des,
Liv. 22, 39, 21:
tantum abfuit ut ex incommodo alieno sua occasio peteretur,
id. 4, 58, 2:
aestuque suo Locros trajecit,
a favorable tide, id. 23, 41, 11:
ignoranti quem portum petat nullus suus ventus est,
Sen. Ep. 71, 3:
orba suis essent etiamnunc lintea ventis,
Ov. M. 13, 195:
aut ille Ventis iturus non suis,
Hor. Epod. 9, 30. —
6.
Of persons or things, peculiar, particular:
quae est ei (animo) natura? Propria, puto, et sua,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 70:
omnis enim motus animi suum quendam a natura habet vultum,
id. de Or. 3, 57, 316:
geometrae et musici... more quodam loquuntur suo. Ipsae rhetorum artes verbis in docendo quasi privatis utuntur ac suis,
id. Fin. 3, 1, 4:
sensus omnis habet suum finem,
its peculiar limits, Quint. 9, 4, 61: animus cum suum ambitum complevit et finibus se suis cinxit, consummatum est summum bonum, Sen. Vit. Beat. 9, 3: est etiam in nominibus ( nouns) diverso collocatis sua gratia, their peculiar elegance, Quint. 9, 3, 86:
ibi non bello aperto, sed suis artibus, fraude et insidiis, est paene circumventus,
Liv. 21, 34, 1:
nec Hannibalem fefellit, suis se artibus peti,
id. 22, 16, 5:
adversus hostem non virtute tantum, sed suis (i. e. hostis) etiam pugnare consiliis oportebat,
Flor. 2, 6, 26:
liberam Minucii temeritatem se suo modo expleturum,
Liv. 22, 28, 2:
equites ovantes sui moris carmine,
id. 10, 26, 11:
exsultans cum sui moris tripudiis,
id. 21, 42, 3:
tripudiantes suo more,
id. 23, 26, 9.—So, suo Marte, referring to the style of fighting peculiar to the different arms:
equitem suo alienoque Marte pugnare,
that the cavalry were fighting both in their own style and in that of the other arms, Liv. 3, 62, 9; cf.: suo Marte, 1, c. a, supra.—And distributively ( = suus quisque):
suos autem haec operum genera ut auctores, sic etiam amatores habent,
Quint. 12, 10, 2:
illa vero fatidica fulmina ex alto et ex suis venire sideribus,
Plin. 2, 43, 43, § 113; cf.:
quae quidem planiora suis exemplis reddentur,
Val. Max. 3, 4 prooem.—
7.
Proper, right.
a.
Referring to one's ordinary or normal condition:
quod certe non fecisset, si suum numerum naves habuissent,
their regular complement, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 133. — So poet.:
flecte ratem! numerum non habet illa suum,
its full number, Ov. H. 10, 36:
novus exercitus consulibus est decretus: binae legiones cum suo equitatu,
Liv. 40, 36, 6:
cum suo justo equitatu,
id. 21, 17, 8:
totam (disciplinam) in suum statum redegit,
Val. Max. 2, 7, 2:
tranquilla mente et vultu suo,
with the ordinary expression of his face, Sen. Clem. 2, 6, 2:
media pars aeris ab his (ignibus) submota, in frigore suo manet. Natura enim aeris gelida est,
id. Q. N. 2, 10, 4:
cornuaque in patriis non sua vidit aquis,
not natural to her, Ov. H. 14, 90. —
So, non suus, of ingrafted branches and their fruit: miraturque (arbos) novas frondis et non sua poma,
Verg. G. 2, 82. —
b.
Of time, proper, regular, etc. (cf. 5. b, supra).
(α).
The regular time ( = stato tempore):
signum quod semper tempore exoritur suo,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 4:
cum et recte et suo tempore pepererit,
Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 16: aestas suo tempore incanduit...;
tam solstitium quam aequinoctium suos dies retulit,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 16, 3:
omnes venti vicibus suis spirant majore ex parte,
Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128. —
(β).
The right or proper time:
salictum suo tempore caedito,
Cato, R. R. 33:
cessit e vita suo magis quam suorum civium tempore,
the right time for himself, Cic. Brut. 1, 4; so,
exstingui homini suo tempore optabile est,
id. Sen. 23, 85:
Scandilius dicit se suo tempore rediturum,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 139:
si Ardeates sua tempora exspectare velint,
Liv. 4, 7, 6:
Chrysippus dicit, illum... opperiri debere suum tempus, ad quod velut dato signo prosiliat,
Sen. Ben. 2, 25, 3:
quam multi exercitus tempore suo victorem hostem pepulerunt!
Liv. 44, 39, 4. — Without antecedent: sed suo tempore totius sceleris hujus fons aperietur. Cic. Phil. 14, 6, 15; cf.:
de ordine laudis, etc., praecipiemus suo tempore,
Quint. 2, 4, 21. —
(γ).
Suo loco = at the proper place:
quae erant prudentiae propria suo loco dicta sunt,
Cic. Off. 1, 40, 143:
quod reddetur suo loco,
Quint. 11, 1, 16:
ut suo loco dicetur,
Plin. 2, 90, 102, § 221:
inscripta quae suis locis reddam,
id. 1, prooem. § 27; Sen. Ben. 2, 20, 2; cf. 1, c. b; 4. supra. —
(δ).
Suited, appropriate, adapted to one:
in eodem fundo suum quidquid conseri oportet,
Cato, R. R. 7:
siquidem hanc vendidero pretio suo,
at a suitable price, Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 30:
in partes suas digerenda causa,
Quint. 11, 1, 6:
confundetur quidquid in suas partes natura digessit,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 29, 8. — Poet.: haec ego dumque queror, lacrimae sua verba sequuntur, Deque meis oculis in tua membra cadunt, appropriate, i. e. tristia, Ov. H. 14, 67.—Without antecedent: suum quidquid genus talearum serito, any fit kind, i. e. suited to the ground, Cato, R. R. 48. —
8.
Own, with the notion of independence of, or dependence on others (cf. B. 2. g d).
a.
Of political independence: pacem condicionibus his fecerunt ut Capuae suae leges, sui magistratus essent, her own laws, i. e. not subject to Carthage, Liv. 23, 7, 2: liberos [p. 1827] eos ac suis legibus victuros, id. 25, 23, 4. —
Esp. in the phrases suae potestatis or in sua potestate esse, suo jure uti, sui juris esse: Puteolos, qui nunc in sua potestate sunt, suo jure, libertate aequa utuntur, totos occupabunt,
Cic. Agr. 2, 31, 86:
Rhegini potestatis suae ad ultimum remanserunt,
retained their self-government, Liv. 23, 30, 9:
urbem ne quam formulae sui juris facerent,
id. 38, 9, 10. —
b.
Of paternal authority.
(α).
Free from the power of the paterfamilias; in the phrases sui juris esse, suae potestatis esse, to be independent:
quaedam personae sui juris sunt, quaedam alieno juri sunt subjectae, Gai,
Inst. 1, 48:
sui juris sunt familiarum suarum principes, id est pater familiae, itemque mater familiae,
Ulp. Fragm. 4, 1:
liberi parentum potestate liberantur emancipatione. Sed filius quidem ter manumissus sui juris fit, ceteri autem liberi una manumissione sui juris fiunt,
id. ib. 10, 1:
morte patris filius et filia sui juris fiunt,
id. ib. 10, 2:
patres familiarum sunt qui sunt suae potestatis,
Dig. 1, 6, 4:
si modo defunctus testator suae potestatis mortis tempore fuerit,
Gai. Inst. 2, 147. —
With indef. reference: si sui juris sumus,
Dig. 46, 2, 20; cf.:
pro suo possideo, 2. a. supra.—Attributively: sui juris arrogatio feminae,
Cod. Just. 8, 47, 8:
homo sui juris,
ib. 10, § 5.— Trop.:
sapiens numquam semiliber erit: integrae semper libertatis et sui juris,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 5, 3:
non illarum coitu fieri cometen, sed proprium et sui juris esse,
id. Q. N. 7, 12, 2: nullique sunt tam feri et sui juris adfectus, ut non disciplina perdomentur, id. Ira, 2, 12, 3. —
(β).
Subject to paternal authority, in the phrases suus heres, sui liberi; suus heres, an heir who had been in the paternal power of the deceased:
CVI SVVS HERES NON SIT, XII. Tab. fr. 5, 4.—In the jurists without antecedent: sui et necessarii heredes sunt velut filius filiave, nepos neptisve ex filia, deinceps ceteri qui modo in potestate morientis fuerunt,
Gai. Inst. 2, 156:
(emancipati liberi) non sunt sui heredes,
ib. 2, 135:
alia facta est juris interpretatio inter suos heredes,
ib. 3, 15:
datur patrono adversus suos heredes bonorum possessio (where patrono is not the antecedent of suos),
ib. 3, 41:
sui heredes vel instituendi sunt vel exheredandi,
Ulp. Fragm. 22, 14:
accrescunt suis quidem heredibus in partem virilem, extraneis autem in partem dimidiam,
id. ib. 22, 17. —
Sui liberi, children in paternal power: de suis et legitimis liberis,
Cod. Just. 6, 55 inscr.
D.
In particular connections.
1.
With ipse, his own, etc. (cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 696).
a.
Ipse agreeing with the antecedent of suus, the antecedent being,
(α).
A subjectnom.:
(ingenium ejus) valet ipsum suis viribus,
by its own strength, Cic. Cael. 19, 45:
legio Martia non ipsa suis decretis hostem judicavit Antonium?
by its own resolutions, id. Phil. 4, 2, 5:
ruit ipse suis cladibus,
id. ib. 14, 3, 8:
si ex scriptis cognosci ipsi suis potuissent,
id. de Or. 2, 2, 8:
qui se ipse sua gravitate et castimonia defenderet,
id. Cael. 5, 11:
quod ipse suae civitatis imperium obtenturus esset,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3:
suamet ipsae fraude omnes interierunt,
Liv. 8, 18, 9; 39, 49, 3:
ut saeviret ipse in suum sanguinem effecerunt,
id. 40, 5, 1:
respicerent suum ipsi exercitum,
id. 42, 52, 10; 21, 31, 12; 22, 38, 3; 6, 19, 6.—
(β).
A subject-acc.:
sunt qui dicant eam sua ipsam peremptam mercede,
Liv. 1, 11, 9:
(tribuniciam potestatem) suis ipsam viribus dissolvi,
id. 2, 44, 2.—
(γ).
An object in dat. or acc.:
sic ut ipsis consistendi in suis munitionibus locus non esset,
Caes. B. C. 2, 6:
tribuni (hostem) intra suamet ipsum moenia compulere,
Liv. 6, 36, 4:
alios sua ipsos invidia opportunos interemit,
id. 1, 54, 8; 22, 14, 13.—Suus as adjunct of subject (rare):
aliquando sua praesidia in ipsos consurrexerunt,
their own garrisons revolted against them, Sen. Clem. 1, 26, 1.—
b.
With gen. of ipse, strengthening the possessive notion (cf. 4.;
post-Aug. and very rare, but freq. in modern Lat.): aves (foetus suos) libero caelo suaeque ipsorum fiduciae permittunt,
Quint. 2, 6, 7 (but tuus ipsius occurs in Cic.:
tuo ipsius studio,
Cic. Mur. 4, 9:
tuam ipsius amicitiam,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 7).—
c.
Both suus and ipse agreeing with the governing noun (very rare; not in Cic. or Caes.): quae tamen in ipso cursu suo dissipata est (= ipsa in cursu suo), in its very course, Sen. Q. N. 1, 1, 3 dub.:
suamet ipsa scelera,
Sall. C. 23, 2 (Dietsch ex conj. ipse):
suismet ipsis corporibus,
Liv. 2, 19, 5 MSS. (Weissenb. ex conj. ipsi):
a suismet ipsis praesidiis,
id. 8, 25, 6 MSS. (Weissenb. ipsi).—
2.
With quisque, distributively, each ( every one)... his own; in prose quisque is generally preceded by suus.
a.
Quisque and suus in different cases.
(α).
Quisque as subjectnom.:
sentit enim vim quisque suam quoad possit abuti,
Lucr. 5, 1033:
suo quisque loco cubet,
Cato, R. R. 5:
suum quisque noscat ingenium,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 114:
ad suam quisque (me disciplinam) rapiet,
id. Ac. 2, 36, 114:
quod suos quisque servos in tali re facere voluisset,
id. Mil. 10, 29:
cum suo quisque auxilio uteretur,
Caes. B. C. 1, 51:
celeriter ad suos quisque ordines redit,
id. ib. 3, 37.—In apposition with plur. subj. (freq. in Liv.):
nunc alii sensus quo pacto quisque suam rem Sentiat,
Lucr. 4, 522:
ut omnes cives Romani in suis quisque centuriis prima luce adessent,
that all the Roman citizens should be present, each in his own centuria, Liv. 1, 44, 1:
hinc senatus, hinc plebs, suum quisque intuentes ducem constiterant,
id. 6, 15, 3:
ut (trigemini) pro sua quisque patria dimicent,
id. 1, 24, 2:
stabant compositi suis quisque ordinibus,
id. 44, 38, 11:
(consules) in suas quisque provincias proficiscuntur,
id. 25, 12, 2; 25, 26, 13:
in suo quaeque (stella) motu naturam suam exercent,
Plin. 2, 39, 39, § 106.—With abl. absol.:
omnes, velut dis auctoribus in spem suam quisque acceptis, proelium una voce poscunt,
Liv. 21, 45, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.:
relictis suis quisque stationibus... concurrerunt,
id. 32, 24, 4; 4, 44, 10; 39, 49, 3; 2, 38, 6.—
(β).
With acc. of quisque as subj.:
fabrum esse suae quemque fortunae, App. Claud. ap. Ps.-Sall. Ep. ad Caes. Rep. c. l.: sui quemque juris et retinendi et dimittendi esse dominum,
Cic. Balb. 13, 31:
recipere se in domos suas quemque jussit,
Liv. 25, 10, 9; and (ungrammatically) nom., as apposition to a subj.-acc.:
se non modo suam quisque patriam, sed totam Siciliam relicturos,
id. 26, 29, 3 MSS. (Weissenb. ex conj. quosque).—
(γ).
As adjunct of the subject-nom., with a case of quisque as object, attribut. gen., etc.:
sua cujusque animantis natura est,
Cic. Fin. 5, 9, 25:
sua quemque fraus, suum facinus, suum scelus, etc., de sanitate ac mente deturbat,
id. Pis. 20, 46:
sua quemque fraus et suus terror maxime vexat,
id. Rosc. Am. 24, 67:
suum cuique incommodum ferendum est,
id. Off. 3, 6, 30:
ut solidum suum cuique solvatur,
id. Rab. Post. 17, 46:
ne suus cuique domi hostis esset,
Liv. 3, 16, 3:
ut sua cuique respublica in manu esset,
id. 26, 8, 11:
animus suus cuique ordinem pugnandi dabat,
id. 22, 5, 8:
tentorium suum cuique militi domus ac penates sunt,
id. 44, 39, 5:
suus cuique (stellae) color est,
Plin. 2, 18, 16, § 79:
trahit sua quemque voluptas,
Verg. E. 2, 65:
stat sua cuique dies,
id. A. 10, 467.—
(δ).
As predicate-nom. (v. II. B.):
opinionem, quae sua cuique conjectanti esse potest,
Liv. 6, 12, 3.—
(ε).
As adjunct of subj.-acc.:
suum cuique honorem et gradum redditum gaudeo,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 136:
scientiam autem suam cujusque artis esse,
id. Fin. 5, 9, 26.—
(ζ).
As adjunct of an object, with a case of quisque as object or attribut. gen.: suam cuique sponsam, mihi meam: suum cuique amorem, mihi meum, Atil. Fragm. inc. 1: suom cuique per me uti atque frui licet, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 24 (23), 1:
ut suo quemque appellem nomine,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 52:
placet Stoicis suo quamque rem nomine appellare,
Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 1:
ad suam cujusque naturam consilium est omne revocandum,
id. Off. 1, 33, 119:
justitia quae suum cuique distribuit,
id. N. D. 3, 15, 38:
in tribuendo suum cuique,
id. Off. 1, 5, 14:
Turnus sui cuique periculi recens erat documentum,
Liv. 1, 52, 4:
in trimatu suo cuique dimidiam esse mensuram futurae certum esse,
Plin. 7, 15, 16, § 73:
certa cuique rerum suarum possessio,
Vell. 2, 89, 4; cf.: qua re suum unicuique studium suaque omnibus delectatio relinquatur, Ps.-Cic. Cons. 26, 93.—With quemque in apposition with acc. plur.:
Camillus vidit intentos opifices suo quemque operi,
Liv. 6, 25, 9; so cujusque in appos. with gen. plur.: trium clarissimorum suae cujusque gentis virorum mors, id. 39, 52, 7; and cuique with dat. plur.: sui cuique mores fingunt fortunam hominibus, Poet. ap. Nep. Att. 11, 6 (where Lachm. ad Lucr. 2, 372, reads quique, ex conj.; cf. b. b, infra).—
b.
Attraction of suus and quisque as adjuncts of nouns.
(α).
Attraction of suus:
ut nemo sit nostrum quin in sensibus sui cujusque generis judicium requirat acrius (= suum cujusque generis judicium),
Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 19:
quas tamen inter omnes (voces) est suo quoque in genere (vox) mediocris ( = inter omnes voces est mediocris vox, sua quoque in genere),
id. de Or. 3, 57, 216:
eo concilia suae cujusque regionis indici jussit (= sua cujusque regionis concilia),
Liv. 45, 29, 10:
equites suae cuique parti post principia collocat (= equites suos cuique parti),
id. 3, 22, 6:
cum motibus armorum et corporum suae cuique genti assuetis,
id. 25, 17, 5:
legiones deducebantur cum tribunis et centurionibus et sui cujusque ordinis militibus (= suis cujusque),
Tac. A. 14, 27:
quae sui cujusque sunt ingenii,
Quint. 7, 10, 10 Halm (al. sua):
sui cujusque ingenii poma vel semina gerunt (= sua cujusque),
Col. 3, 1;
and by a double attraction: has (cohortes) subsidiariae ternae et aliae totidem suae cujusque legionis subsequebantur (= has cohortes... totidem cujusque legionis, suam quaeque legionem, subsequebantur),
Caes. B. C. 1, 83. —
(β).
Attraction of quisque:
tanta ibi copia venustatum in suo quique loco sita,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 6 (al. quaeque):
quodvis frumentum non tamen omne Quique suo genere inter se simile esse videbis,
Lucr. 2, 372 Lachm. and Munro ad loc.:
cum verba debeant sui cujusque generis copulari,
Varr. L. L. 10, 48:
in sensibus sui cujusque generis judicium,
Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 19:
haec igitur proclivitas ad suum quodque genus aegrotatio dicatur,
id. Tusc. 4, 12, 28:
separatim greges sui cujusque generis nocte remeabant (= greges sui quisque generis),
Liv. 24, 3, 5:
ut sui cujusque mensis acciperet (frumentum),
Suet. Aug. 40;
and quisque both attracted and in its own case: quia cujusque partis naturae et in corpore et in animo sua quaeque vis sit (where either cujusque or quaeque is redundant),
Cic. Fin. 5, 17, 46; v. Madv. ad loc.; Cato, R. R. 23 fin.;
so esp. in the phrases suo quoque tempore, anno, die, loco, etc.: pecunia, quae in stipendium Romanis suo quoque anno penderetur, deerat (= suo quaeque anno),
each instalment in the year when due, Liv. 33, 46, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.:
suo quoque loco,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 2; 1, 22, 6:
opera quae suis quibusque temporibus anni vilicum exsequi oporteret,
Col. 11, 3:
suo quoque tempore,
Vitr. 2, 9, 4:
nisi sua quaque die usurae exsolverentur (= sua quaeque die),
Dig. 22, 1, 12 init.; 13, 7, 8, § 3:
ut opera rustica suo quoque tempore faciat,
ib. 19, 2, 25, § 3 (al. quaeque)—
c.
In the order quisque... suus.
(α).
In relative clauses, comparative clauses with ut, and interrogative clauses introduced by quid, etc., where quisque immediately follows the relative, etc.:
ut quisque suom volt esse, ita est,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 45; cf.
with sibi,
Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 49; id. Lael. 9, 30:
expendere oportere quid quisque habeat sui... nec velle experiri quam se aliena deceant. Id enim maxime quemque decet quod est cujusque maxime suum,
id. Off. 1, 31, 113:
neque solum quid in senatu quisque civitatis suae dicerent ignorabant, sed, etc.,
Liv. 32, 19, 9:
gratius id fore laetiusque quod quisque sua manu ex hoste captum rettulerit,
id. 5, 20, 8; 6, 25, 10; cf.:
in quibus cum multa sint quae sua quisque dicere velit, nihil est quod quisque suum possit dicere,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 23, 1.—
(β).
If the emphasis is not on suus, but (for quisque, when emphatic, unusquisque is used) on some other word:
in civitates quemque suas... dimisit,
Liv. 21, 48, 2:
in patriam quisque suam remissus est,
Just. 33, 2, 8:
in vestigio quemque suo vidit,
Liv. 28, 22, 15; cf.:
hospitibus quisque suis scribebant,
id. 33, 45, 6:
pro facultatibus quisque suis,
id. 42, 53, 3; cf.:
respiciendae sunt cuique facultates suae,
Sen. Ben. 2, 15, 3:
praecipitat quisque vitam suam et futuri desiderio laborat,
id. Brev. Vit. 7, 5; id. Ben. 7, 5, 1:
tunc praeceps quisque se proripit et penates suos deserit,
id. Q. N. 6, 1, 5; 5, 18, 8:
summum quisque causae suae judicem facit,
Plin. 1, prooem. § 10: aestimatione nocturnae [p. 1828] quietis, dimidio quisque spatio vitae suae vivit, id. 7, 50, 51, § 167.—
(γ).
Poets adopt the order quisque suus when the metre requires it, Verg. A. 6, 743:
oscula quisque suae matri tulerunt,
Ov. F. 2, 715. —
(δ).
When suus and quisque belong to different clauses:
atque earum quaeque, suum tenens munus... manet in lege naturae,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 38. —
d.
Suus uterque, or uterque suus, distributively of two subjects:
suas uterque legiones reducit in castra,
Caes. B. C. 1, 40; 2, 28:
ideo quod uterque suam legem confirmare debebit,
Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 142:
cum sui utrosque adhortarentur,
Liv. 1, 25, 1:
ad utrumque ducem sui redierunt,
id. 21, 29, 5:
utraque (lex) sua via it,
Sen. Ben. 6, 6, 1; cf.
uterque, in apposit.: nec ipsi tam inter se acriter contenderunt, quam studia excitaverant uterque sui corporis hominum,
Liv. 26, 48, 6.—
3.
With sibi.
(α).
Sibi with pronom. force (cf. sui, IV. C. fin.):
reddam suum sibi,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 119 ( = ei; but referred to b, infra, by Brix ad loc.); cf.:
suam rem sibi salvam sistam,
id. Poen. 5, 2, 123:
idem lege sibi sua curationem petet,
for himself, Cic. Agr. 2, 9, 22 (cf. id. Phil. 2, 37, 96;
I. B. 2. b. supra): ut vindicare sibi suum fulgorem possint,
Sen. Q. N. 1, 1, 11; cf.
the formula of divorce: tuas res tibi habeto,
Dig. 24, 2, 2.—Hence, illam suam suas res sibi habere jussit, Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69.—
(β).
With sibi redundant, to strengthen suus (anteand post-class. and colloq.):
quo pacto serviat suo sibi patri,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 5:
eum necabam ilico per cerebrum pinna sua sibi, quasi turturem,
id. Poen. 2, 40; v. sui, IV. C. and the passages there cited.—
4.
With gen. agreeing with the subject of suus:
quas cum solus pertulisset ut sua unius in his gratia esset,
that the credit of it should belong to him alone, Liv. 2, 8, 3:
qui de sua unius sententia omnia gerat,
id. 44, 22, 11; cf.:
unam Aegyptus in hoc spem habet suam,
Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 2.—For suus ipsius, etc., v. D. 1. b. supra.—
5.
With demonstr., rel., or indef. pronn. and adjj., of his, hers, etc.:
postulat ut ad hanc suam praedam adjutores vos profiteamini,
to this booty of his, Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:
Sestius cum illo exercitu suo,
id. Sest. 5, 12:
qua gravitate sua,
id. ib. 61, 129:
suam rem publicam illam defenderunt,
that republic of theirs, id. ib. 67, 141:
in istum civem suum,
against this citizen of theirs, id. Balb. 18, 41:
cum illo suo pari,
id. Pis. 8, 18:
te nulla sua calamitate civitas satiare potest?
id. Phil. 8, 6, 19:
dubitatis igitur, quin vos M. Laterensis ad suam spem aliquam delegerit,
for some hope of his, id. Planc. 16, 39:
non tam sua ulla spe quam militum impetu tractus,
by any hope of his, Liv. 25, 21, 5:
nullo suo merito,
from no fault of theirs, id. 26, 29, 4:
ipse arcano cum paucis familiaribus suis colloquitur,
with a few of his friends, Caes. B. C. 1, 19.—
6.
With descriptive adjj.
(α).
Standing before the adj. and noun (so most freq.):
suorum improbissimorum sermonum domicilium,
Cic. Pis. 31, 76:
causam sui dementissimi consilii,
id. Phil. 2, 22, 53:
suam insatiabilem crudelitatem,
id. ib. 11, 3, 8:
suis amplissimis fortunis,
id. ib. 13, 8, 16:
suum pristinum morem,
id. Pis. 12, 27:
suis lenissimis postulatis,
Caes. B. C. 1, 5: simili ratione Pompeius in suis veteribus castris consedit (suis emphatic; cf. b, infra), id. ib. 3, 76.—
(β).
Between the adj. and noun (less emphatic):
pro eximiis suis beneficiis,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 4, 7:
propter summam suam humanitatem,
id. Fam. 15, 14, 1:
ex praeteritis suis officiis,
Caes. B. C. 3, 60:
Caesar in veteribus suis castris consedit,
id. ib. 3, 76.—
(γ).
After adj. and noun:
veterem amicum suum excepit,
Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43:
in illo ardenti tribunatu suo,
id. Sest. 54, 116.—
7.
Objectively for the pers. pron. (rare):
neque cuiquam mortalium injuriae suae parvae videntur ( = sibi illatae),
Sall. C. 51, 11; so,
neglectam ab Scipione et nimis leviter latam suam injuriam ratus,
Liv. 29, 9, 9:
ipsae enim leges te a cognitione sua judicio publico reppulerunt ( = a se cognoscendo),
Cic. Balb. 14, 32:
suam invidiam tali morte quaesitam ( = quaesitum esse ab eo ut homines se inviderent),
Tac. A. 3, 16; so,
nulla sua invidia,
Cic. Mil. 15, 40.—
8.
Abl. fem. sua, with refert or interest, for gen. of the pers. pron.: neminem esse qui quomodo se habeat nihil sua censeat interesse, Cic. Fin. 5, 10, 30:
si scit sua nihil interesse utrum anima per os, an per jugulum exeat,
Sen. Ep. 76, 33; v. intersum, III.—
9.
Strengthened by the suffix - pte or -met.
(α).
By - pte (not used with ipse) affixed to the forms sua, suo, and (ante-class.) suum:
quom illa osculata esset suumpte amicum,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 38:
ut terrena suopte nutu et suo pondere in terram ferantur,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:
ferri suopte pondere,
id. N. D. 1, 25, 69:
suapte natura,
id. Fat. 18, 42:
suapte vi et natura,
id. ib. 19, 43; id. Fin. 1, 16, 54; 5, 22, 61:
suopte ingenio,
Liv. 25, 18; so id. 1, 25, 1; 1, 18, 4:
suapte manu,
Cic. Or. 3, 3, 10:
locus suapte natura infestus,
Liv. 44, 6, 9; so,
suapte natura,
id. 4, 22, 4:
flumina suapte natura vasta,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 8; so id. Ben. 4, 17, 2:
sponte suapte,
Varr. L. L. 6, 7, § 70.—
(β).
With - met, almost always followed by ipse (in all forms of suus except suus, suum, suae, and suorum):
suomet ipsi more,
Sall. J. 31, 6:
suomet ipsi instrumento,
Liv. 22, 14, 13:
suomet ipsi metu,
Tac. H. 3, 16 fin.:
suamet ipsum pecunia,
Sall. J. 8, 2:
suamet ipsae fraude,
Liv. 8, 18, 9:
intra suamet ipsum moenia,
id. 6, 36, 4:
suismet ipsi praesidiis,
id. 8, 25, 6:
suismet ipsis corporibus,
id. 2, 19, 5:
suosmet ipsi cives,
id. 2, 9, 5:
suasmet ipse spes,
Tac. A. 3, 66 fin. —Without ipse:
populum suimet sanguinis mercede,
Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 41, 25 Dietsch:
magna pars suismet aut proxumorum telis obtruncabantur,
id. ib. 2, 52 ib.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > suum

10 suus

sŭus, a, um (old form sos, sa, sum; dat. plur. sis, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 301 Mull.; acc. sas. id. ib. p. 325 ib.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 47; Schol. Pers. 1, 108; sing. sam for suam, Fest. p. 47 Mull.;
so for suo, C. I. L. 5, 2007. In ante-class. verse su- with the following vowel freq. forms one syllable,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 48; id. Ps. 1, 3, 5; Ter. And. 1, 1, 68; Lucr. 1, 1022; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 189 sqq.), pron. poss., 3 d pers. [root SVA-; Sanscr. sva, own; cf. sui; Gr. seWo-, whence sphe, etc., and he; cf. heos], of or belonging to himself, herself, etc.; his own, her own, etc.; his, her, its, their; one ' s; hers, theirs.
I.
Ordinary possessive use his, etc. (cf. the similar use of the pers. pron. sui, q. v.).
A.
With antecedent in the same sentence.
1.
The antecedent a subject-nominative, expressed or understood.
(α).
His:
Caesar copias suas divisit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 97:
ille in sua sententia perseverat,
id. ib. 1, 72:
tantam habebat suarum rerum fiduciam,
id. ib. 2, 37:
cum sceleris sui socios Romae reliquisset,
Cic. Cat. 3, 1, 3:
cur ego non ignoscam si anteposuit suam salutem meae?
id. Pis. 32, 79; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45; id. Mil. 10, 27; id. Fam. 15, 14, 1:
Hanno praefecturam ejus (i.e. Muttinis) filio suo (Hannonis) dedit,
Liv. 26, 40, 7:
imperat princeps civibus suis,
Sen. Clem. 1, 16, 2:
nemo rem suam emit,
id. Ben. 7, 4, 8.—
(β).
Her:
mea Glycerium suos parentes repperit,
Ter. And. 5, 6, 5:
utinam haec ignoraret suum patrem,
id. Phorm. 5, 6, 34:
si nunc facere volt era officium suom,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 72:
ne eadem mulier cum suo conjuge honestissimum adulescentem oppressisse videatur,
Cic. Cael. 32, 78:
si omnibus suis copiis excellentem virum res publica armasset,
id. Phil. 13, 16, 32.—
(γ).
Its:
omne animal, simul et ortum est, et se ipsum et omnes partes suas diligit,
Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33:
cum mea domus ardore suo deflagrationem Italiae toti minaretur,
id. Planc. 40, 95.—
(δ).
Their: (legiones) si consulem suum reliquerunt, vituperandae sunt Cic. Phil. 5, 2, 4:
mittent aliquem de suo numero,
id. ib. 11, 10, 25:
rationem illi sententiae suae non fere reddebant,
id. Tusc. 1, 17, 38:
qui agellos suos redimere a piratis solebant,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 37, § 85:
edicunt ut ad suum vestitum senatores redirent,
id. Sest. 14, 32:
suis finibus eos prohibent,
Caes. B. G. 1, 1: Allobrogibus sese persuasuros existimabant ut per suos (Allobrogum) fines eos (Helvetios) ire paterentur, id. id. 1, 6;
and distributively: ac naves onerariae LXIII. in portu expugnatae, quaedam cum suis oneribus, frumento, armis, aere, etc.,
some with their several cargoes, Liv. 26, 47, 9.—
2.
With a subject-clause as antecedent:
id sua sponte apparebat tuta celeribus consiliis praepositurum,
was selfevident, Liv. 22, 38, 13:
ad id quod sua sponte satis collectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,
id. 3, 62, 1:
secutum tamen sua sponte est ut vilior ob ea regi Hannibal et suspectior fieret,
id. 35, 14, 4. —
3.
With subject-acc. as antecedent:
hanc dicam Athenis advenisse cum aliquo amatore suo, Plant. Mil. 2, 2, 86: doceo gratissimum esse in sua tribu Plancium,
Cic. Planc. 19, 47:
cupio eum suae causae confidere,
id. Sest. 64, 135:
suspicari debuit (Milo), eum (Clodium) ad villam suam (Clodii) deversurum,
id. Mil. 19, 51: Medeam praedicant in fuga fratris sui membra dissipavisse, id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 22:
(dixit) Caesarem pro sua dignitate debere et studium et iracundiam suam reipublicae dimittere,
Caes. B. C. 1, 8.—
4.
With object-acc. as antecedent.
(α).
Suus being an adjunct of the subject (generally rendered in Engl. by a pass. constr.):
hunc pater suus de templo deduxit,
he was taken from the temple by his father, Cic. Inv. 2, 17, 52:
hunc sui cives e civitate ejecerunt,
id. Sest. 68, 142:
Alexandrum uxor sua... occidit,
id. Inv. 2, 49, 144:
illum ulciscentur mores sui,
id. Att. 9, 12, 2:
quodsi quem natura sua... forte deficiet,
id. Or. 1, 14:
utrumque regem sua multitudo consalutaverat,
Liv. 1, 7, 1:
quas (urbes) sua virtus ac dii juvent, magnas sibi opes facere,
id. 1, 9, 3; 1, 7, 15; 6, 33, 5:
quos nec sua conscientia impulerit, nec, etc.,
id. 26, 33, 3; 25, 14, 7:
consulem C. Marium servus suus interemit,
Val. Max. 6, 8, 2:
quis non Vedium Pollionem pejus oderat quam servi sui?
Sen. Clem. 1, 18, 2:
sera dies sit qua illum gens sua caelo adserat,
id. Cons. Poll. 12 (31), 5.—With the antecedent understood from the principal sentence:
ita forma simili pueri ut mater sua internoscere (sc. eos) non posset,
Plaut. Men. prol. 19; and with suus as adjunct both of the subject and of the antecedent: jubet salvere suos vir uxorem suam, id. merc. 4, 3, 11. —
(β).
With impers. verbs:
sunt homines, quos libidinis infamiaeque suae neque pudeat neque taedeat,
Cic. Verr. 1, 12, 35:
video fore ut inimicos tuos poeniteat intemperantiae suae,
id. Fam. 3, 10, 1:
si Caesarem beneficii sui poeniteret,
id. Lig. 10, 29; so id. Agr. 2, 11, 26:
jam ne nobilitatis quidem suae plebejos poenitere,
Liv. 10, 7, 8:
militem jam minus virtutis poenitere suae,
id. 22, 12, 10.—
(γ).
As adjunct of other members of the sentence:
ad parentes suos ducas Silenium,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 86. nam is illius filiam conicit in navem clam matrem suam (i.e. filiae), id. Mil. 2, 1, 34:
eosdem ad quaestoris sui aut imperatoris, aut commilitonum suorum pericula impulistis,
Cic. Phil. 13, 17, 34:
totum enim ex sua patria sustulisti,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 127; id. Or. 3, 32, 126: quem (Hammonium) tibi etiam suo nomine ( on his own account) commendo... itaque peto a te ut ejus procuratorem et ipsum suo nomine diligas, id. Fam. 13, 21, 2:
Caesar Fabium in sua remittit hiberna,
Caes. B. G. 5, 33; id. B. C. 3, 24:
introire ad Ciceronem, et domi suae imparatum confodere,
Sall. C. 28, 1:
suis flammis delete Fidenas,
i. e. the flames kindled by the Fidenates, Liv. 4, 33, 5:
suo igni involvit hostes,
Tac. A. 14, 30:
quid Caesarem in sua fata inmisit?
Sen. Ep. 94, 65; id. Q. N. 1, praef. 7; cf.
with antecedent supplied from preceding sentence: non destiti rogare et petere (sc. Brutum) mea causa, suadere et hortari sua,
Cic. Att. 6, 2, 7.—
5.
With dat. as antecedent.
(α).
As adjunct of subject (cf. 4. supra):
suus rex reginae placet,
a queen likes her own king, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 76:
ei nunc alia ducenda'st domum, sua cognata Lemniensis,
id. Cist. 1, 1, 101:
Autronio nonne sodales, non collegae sui... defuerunt?
Cic. Sull. 2, 7:
si ceteris facta sua recte prosunt,
id. Cat. 3, 12, 27:
cui non magistri sui atque doctores, cui non... locus ipse... in mente versetur?
id. Planc. 33, 81:
haec omnia plane... Siculis erepta sunt: primum suae leges, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 13, § 33:
Romanis multitudo sua auxit animum,
Liv. 21, 50, 4:
sicuti populo Romano sua fortuna labet,
id. 42, 50, 7:
Lanuvinis sacra sua reddita,
id. 8, 14, 2:
vilitas sua illis detrahit pretium,
Sen. Ben. 4, 29, 2:
nemo est cui felicitas sua satisfaciat,
id. Ep. 115, 17:
labor illi suus restitutus est,
id. Brev. Vit. 20, 3:
magnitudo sua singulis constat,
id. Q. N. 1, 1, 10:
tantum sapienti sua, quantum Dec omnis aetas patet,
id. Ep. 53, 11. —
With antecedent supplied from principal sentence: mater quod suasit sua Adulescens mulier fecit, i.e. ei,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 38.—
(β).
Of other words:
regique Thebano regnum stabilivit suum,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 40:
mittam hodie huic suo die natali malam rem magnam,
id. Ps. 1, 3, 5:
ego Metello non irascor, neque ei suam vacationem eripio,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 68, § 164:
desinant insidiari domui suae consuli,
id. Cat. 1, 13, 32:
quibus ea res honori fuerit a suis civibus,
id. Mil. 35, 96: Scipio suas res Syracusanis restituit, Liv. [p. 1824] 29, 1, 17:
nos non suas (leges Lacedaemoniis arbitror) ademisse, sed nostras leges dedisse,
id. 39, 37, 6:
Graccho et Tuditano provinciae Lucani et Galliae cum suis exercitibus prorogatae,
id. 25, 3, 5.—
6.
With gen., abl., or object of a prep. as antecedent:
nec illius animi aciem praestringit splendor sui nominis,
Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43:
nolite a sacris patriis Junonis Sospitae domesticum et suum consulem avellere,
id. Mur. 41, 90:
quamvis tu magna mihi scripseris de Bruti adventu ad suas legiones,
id. Att. 14, 13, 12:
suae legis ad scriptum ipsam quoque sententiam adjungere,
the meaning of their law to which they refer, id. Inv. 2, 49, 147:
cum ambitio alterius suam primum apud eos majestatem solvisset,
Liv. 22, 42, 12:
nunc causam instituendorum ludorum ab origine sua repetam,
Val. Max. 2, 4, 4:
Jubam in regno suo non locorum notitia adjuvet, non popularium pro rege suo virtus,
Sen. Ep. 71, 10; id. Ben. 7, 6, 3; id. Clem. 1, 3, 4.—Esp. with cujusque as antecedent:
in qua deliberatione ad suam cujusque naturam consilium est omne revocandum,
Cic. Off. 1, 33, 119 (v. II. D. 2. infra).— Abl.:
operam dare ut sua lex ipso scripto videatur niti,
Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 147 (cf. supra):
(Caesar reperiebat) ad Galbam propter justitiam prudentiamque suam totius belli summam deferri,
Caes. B. G. 2, 4:
credere, ad suum concilium a Jove deos advocari,
Sen. Q. N. 2, 42, 1.—
7.
With predic. nom. as antecedent:
sapientissimi artis suae professores sunt a quibus et propria studia verecunde et aliena callide administrantur,
Val. Max. 8, 12, 1.—
8.
With appositive noun.
(α).
With gram. subject as antecedent:
hoc Anaximandro, populari ac sodali suo, non persuasit,
Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118:
vidit fortissimum virum, inimicissimum suum,
id. Mil. 9, 25:
(hic) fuit in Creta contubernalis Saturnini, propinqui sui,
id. Planc. 11, 27:
ut non per L. Crassum, adfinem suum... causam illam defenderit,
id. Balb. 21, 49:
ne cum hoc T. Broccho, avunculo, ne cum ejus filio, consobrino suo, ne nobiscum vivat,
id. Lig. 4, 11:
Caesar mittit ad eum A. Clodium, suum atque illius familiarem,
Caes. B. C. 3, 57.—
(β).
With object as antecedent:
Dicaearchum cum Aristoxeno, aequali et condiscipulo suo, omittamus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 41:
tres fratres optimos, non solum sibi ipsos, neque nobis, necessariis suis, sed etiam rei publicae condonavit,
id. Lig. 12, 36:
Varroni, quem, sui generis hominem,... vulgus extrahere ad consulatum nitebatur,
Liv. 22, 34, 2.—
(γ).
With appositive noun as antecedent:
si P. Scipionem, clarissimum virum, majorumque suorum simillimum res publica tenere potuisset,
Cic. Phil. 13, 14, 29:
M. Fabi Ambusti, potentis viri cum inter sui corporis homines, tum ad plebem, etc.,
Liv. 6, 34, 5:
C. vero Fabricii, et Q. Aemilii Papi, principum saeculi sui, domibus argentum fuisse confitear oportet,
Val. Max. 4, 4, 3.—
9.
In participial clauses.
(α).
The antecedent being the logical subject of the participle, and other than the principal subject:
credamus igitur Panaetio, a Platone suo dissentienti ( = qui dissentiebat),
Cic. Tusc. 1, 32, 79:
ea Sex. Roscium, expulsum ex suis bonis, recepit domum,
id. Rosc. Am. 10, 27:
diffidentemque rebus suis confirmavit,
id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23:
Dejotarum ad me venientem cum omnibus copiis suis, certiorem feci, etc.,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 7; id. Cat. 4, 9, 18: si hominis et suis et populi Romani ornamentis amplissimi ( being greatly distinguished) causam repudiassem, id. Mur. 4, 8:
stupentes tribunos et suam jam vicem magis anxios quam, etc., liberavit consensus populi Romani,
Liv. 8, 35, 1; 22, 42, 8:
manet in folio scripta querela suo ( = quam scripsit),
Ov. F. 5, 224; cf. in abl. absol.:
et ipsis (hostibus) regressis in castra sua,
Liv. 22, 60, 9:
quibus (speculis) si unum ostenderis hominem, populus adparet, unaquaque parte faciem exprimente sua,
Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 5.—
(β).
The logical subject of the participle, being also the principal subject:
sic a suis legionibus condemnatus irrupit in Galliam,
Cic. Phil. 10, 10, 21:
hunc agrum patres nostri, acceptum a majoribus suis ( = quem acceperant), perdiderunt,
id. Agr. 2, 31, 84:
ut in suis ordinibus dispositi dispersos adorirentur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 92: Appius, odium in se aliorum suo in eos metiens odio, haud ignaro, inquit, imminet fortuna, Liv. 3, 54, 3:
ipsa capit Condita in pharetra ( = quae condiderat) tela minora sua,
Ov. F. 2, 326; cf. in abl. absol.:
Sopater, expositis suis difficultatibus ( = cum exposuisset, etc.): Timarchidem... perducit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69:
Caesar, primum suo deinde omnium ex conspectu remotis equis, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25:
Campani, audita sua pariter sociorumque clade, legatos ad Hannibalem miserunt,
Liv. 25, 15, 1:
(Appius) deposito suo magistratu... domum est reductus,
id. 4, 24, 7; 3, 35, 9; 9, 10, 13; 9, 41, 9.—
(γ).
The antecedent being the principal subject, not the logical subject of the participle:
M. Papirius dicitur Gallo, barbam suam (i.e. Papirii) permulcenti,... iram movisse,
Liv. 5, 41, 9: cum Gracchus, verecundia deserendi socios, implorantis fidem suam populique Romani, substitisset. id. 23, 36, 8; cf. in abl. absol.:
si sine maximo dedecore, tam impeditis suis rebus, potuisset emori,
Cic. Rab. Post. 10, 29; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Planc. 21, 51; id. Clu. 14, 42:
ita (consul) proelio uno accidit Vestinorum res, haudquaquam tamen incruento milite suo (consulis),
Liv. 8, 29, 12; cf.
with antecedent to be supplied: Campani, cum, robore juventutis suae acciso, nulla (sc. eis) propinqua spes esset, etc.,
id. 7, 29, 7.—
10.
In gerund. construction. ( a) With subject as antecedent:
mihi ipsa Roma ad complectendum conservatorem suum progredi visa est,
Cic. Pis. 22, 52.—
(β).
With object, the logical subjects of the gerund as antecedent:
cur iis persequendi juris sui... adimis potestatem?
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21:
si senatui doloris sui de me declarandi potestas esset erepta,
id. Sest. 23, 51:
nec tribunis plebis (spatium datur) sui periculi deprecandi,
Caes. B. C. 1, 5.—
(γ).
With antecedent dependent on the gerund:
eamque rem illi putant a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam,
Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19.—
11.
As adjunct of a noun dependent on a subjectinf., with its logical subject as antecedent:
magnum Miloni fuit, conficere illam pestem nulla sua invidia?
Cic. Mil. 15, 40:
neque enim fuit Gabinii, remittere tantum de suo nec regis, imponere tantum plus suis,
his claim, id. Rab. Post. 11, 31:
Piso, cui fructum pietatis suae neque ex me neque a populo Romano ferre licuit,
id. Sest. 31, 68:
ei cujus magis intersit, vel sua, vel rei publicae causa vivere,
id. Off. 3, 23, 90:
sapientis est consilium explicare suum de maximis rebus,
id. Or. 2, 81, 333; id. Mil. 15, 41.—With logical subject understood:
totam Italiam suis colonis ut complere (sc. eis) liceat, permittitur,
Cic. Agr. 2, 13, 34:
maximum (sc. eis) solacium erit, propinquorum eodem monumento declarari, et virtutem suorum, et populi Romani pietatem,
id. Phil. 14, 13, 35.
B.
Without gram. antec., one ' s, one ' s own.
1.
Dependent on subject-inff.:
ejusdem animi est, posteris suis amplitudinem nobis quam non acceperit tradere, et memoriam prope intermortuam generis sui, virtute renovare,
Cic. Mur. 7, 16:
siquidem atrocius est, patriae parentem quam suum occidere,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:
miliens perire est melius quam in sua civitate sine armorum praesidio non posse vivere,
id. ib. 2, 44, 112: quanto est honestius, alienis injuriis quam suis commoveri, one ' s own, id. Verr. 2, 3, 72, § 169:
contentum suis rebus esse maximae sunt certissimaeque divitiae,
id. Par. 6, 51:
ut non liceat sui commodi causa nocere alteri,
id. Off. 3, 5, 23:
detrahere de altero sui commodi causa,
id. ib. 3, 5, 24:
suis exemplis melius est uti,
Auct. Her. 4, 1, 2:
levius est sua decreta tollere quam aliorum,
Liv. 3, 21. 5; 39, 5, 2;
29, 37, 11: satius est vitae suae rationes quam frumenti publici nosse,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 3:
quanto satius est sua mala exstinguere quam aliena posteris tradere?
id. Q. N. 3, praef. 5:
cum initia beneficiorum suorum spectare, tum etiam exitus decet,
id. Ben. 2, 14, 2; 3, 1, 5:
Romani nominis gloriae, non suae, composuisse illa decuit,
Plin. 1, prooem. § 16.—With 1 st pers. plur., as indef. antecedent: cum possimus ab Ennio sumere... exemplum, videtur esse arrogantia illa relinquere, et ad sua devenire, to one ' s own = to our own, Auct. Her. 4, 1, 2.—
2.
Without a subject-inf.:
omnia torquenda sunt ad commodum suae causae... sua diligenter narrando,
Cic. Inv. 1, 21, 30: ut in ceteris habenda ratio non sua (al. sui) solum, sed etiam aliorum, id. Off. 1, 39, 139:
erat Dareo mite ac tractabile ingenium, nisi suam naturam plerumque fortuna corrumperet (suam not referring to Dareo),
Curt. 3, 2, 17 MSS. (Foss, mansuetam). — With 1 st pers. plur., as indef. antecedent (cf. 1. supra):
non erit ista amicitia sed mercatura quaedam utilitatum suarum,
Cic. N. D. 1, 44, 122; cf.: pro suo possidere, II. A. 2. a. g; and Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73, II. A. 2. b. a; cf. also II. B. 1. a; II. B. 5. c.; II. B. 7. b.; II. C. 8. b. b infra.
C.
With antec. in a previous sentence. Here ejus, eorum, earum are used for his, her, their, unless the clause is oblique in regard to the antecedent, i. e. the antecedent is conceived as the author of the statement.
1.
In clauses dependent on a verbum sentiendi or dicendi, expressed or understood, referring to the grammatical or logical subject of the verb.
a.
In infinitive clauses:
(Clodius) Caesaris potentiam suam potentiam esse dicebat,
Cic. Mil. 32, 88:
(Caelius) a sua (causa) putat ejus (i.e. Ascitii) esse sejunctam,
id. Cael. 10, 24:
ipsos certo scio non negare ad haec bona Chrysogonum accessisse impulsu suo (referring to ipsos),
id. Rosc. Am. 37, 107:
hostes viderunt,... suorum tormentorum usum spatio propinquitatis interire,
Caes. B. C. 2, 16:
docent, sui judicii rem non esse,
id. ib. 1, 13.—The reference of suus may be ambiguous, esp. if an infinitive is dependent on another:
hoc Verrem dicere ajebant, te... opera sua consulem factum, i.e. Verris, though grammatically it might refer to the subj. of aiebant,
Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 29:
(Ariovistus) dixit neminem secum sine sua pernicie contendisse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 36; cf. the context with, in all, eleven reflexive pronouns referring to four different antecedents (populus Romanus, Ariovistus, Caesar, nemo); cf.
also: occurrebat ei, mancam praeturam suam futuram consule Milone,
Cic. Mil. 9, 25; 32, 88; Liv. 3, 42, 2.—
b.
Suus in a clause dependent on inf.:
scio equidem, ut, qui argentum afferret atque expressam imaginem suam (i.e. militis) huc ad nos, cum eo ajebat velle mitti mulierem,
Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 55:
isti bonorum emptores arbitrantur, vos hic sedere qui excipiatis eos qui de suis (i.e. emptorum) manibus effugerint,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 151:
Siculi venisse tempus ajebant ut commoda sua defenderem,
id. Div. in Caecil. 1, 3:
ut tunc tandem sentiret recuperanda esse quae prius sua culpa amissa forent,
Liv. 44, 8, 4. —
Ambiguous: velle Pompejum se Caesari purgatum, ne ea quae reipublicae causa egerit (Pompejus) in suam (i.e. Caesaris) contumeliam vertat (where suam might be referred to Pompejus),
Caes. B. C. 1, 8.—
c.
In oblique clauses introduced by ut or ne, or clauses subordinate to such:
Cassius constituit ut ludi absente te fierent suo nomine,
Cic. Att. 15, 11, 2:
postulat ut ad hanc suam praedam tam nefariam adjutores vos profiteamini,
id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:
Nasidius eos magnopere hortatur ut rursus cum Bruti classe, additis suis (i.e. Nasidii) auxiliis confligant,
Caes. B. C. 2, 3:
(regem) denuntiasse sibi ut triduo regni sui decederent finibus,
Liv. 42, 25, 12:
Sabinae mulieres, hinc patres, hinc viros orantes, ne parricidio macularent partus suos (i.e. mulierum),
id. 1, 13, 2:
Patron praecepit suis ut arma induerent, ad omne imperium suum parati,
Curt. 5, 11, 1.—With reflex. pron., referring to a different antecedent:
ad hanc (Laidem) Demosthenes clanculum adit, et ut sibi copiam sui faceret, petit,
Gell. 1, 8, 5. —
d.
In subordinate clauses introduced by quin or quod:
(Dejotarus) non recusat quin id suum facinus judices,
Cic. Deiot. 15, 43; so id. ib. 4, 15;
16, 45: parietes hujus curiae tibi gratias agere gestiunt, quod futura sit illa auctoritas in his majorum suorum et suis sedibus,
id. Marcell. 3, 10:
quidni gauderet quod iram suam nemo sentiret?
Sen. Troad. 3, 13:
querenti quod uxor sua e fico se suspendisset,
Quint. 6, 3, 88;
and with intentional ambiguity: cum Proculejus quereretur de filio quod is mortem suam expectaret,
id. 9, 3, 68. —
e.
In interrogative clauses:
si, quod officii sui sit, non occurrit animo, nihil umquam omnino aget,
Cic. Ac. 2, 8, 25:
ut non auderet iterum dicere quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,
id. Caecin. 10, [p. 1825] 28:
donec sciat unisquisque quid sui, quid alieni sit,
Liv. 6, 27, 8:
rex ignarus, quae cum Hannibale legatis suis convenisset, quaeque legati ejus ad se allaturi fuissent,
id. 23, 39, 2:
postquam animadvertit quantus agminis sui terror esset,
id. 43, 19, 5. —
2.
In a virtually oblique clause.
a.
In final clause, introduced by ut, ne, or rel., referring to the subject of the purpose:
me a portu praemisit domum, ut haec nuntiem uxori suae,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 41:
quasi Appius ille Caecus viam muniverit, non qua populus uteretur, sed ubi impune sui posteri latrocinarentur, i. e. Appii,
Cic. Mil. 7, 17:
quae gens ad Caesarem legatos mise. rat, ut suis omnibus facultatibus uteretur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 80:
inde castra movent, ne qua vis sociis suis ab Romano exercitu inferri possit,
Liv. 43, 23, 5:
(Romani) Albam a fundamentis proruerunt, ne memoria originum suarum exstaret,
id. 26, 13, 16:
oppidani nuntios Romam, qui certiorem de suo casu senatum facerent, misere,
id. 6, 33, 7; cf.:
tanto intervallo ab hostibus consedit, ut nec adventus suus propinquitate nimia nosci posset, et, etc.,
Liv. 10, 20, 7:
Datames locum delegit talem ut non multum obesse multitudo hostium suae paucitati posset,
Nep. Dat. 7, 3:
quid si gubernator a diis procellas petat ut gratior ars sua periculo fiat?
Sen. Ben. 6, 25, 4. —
b.
In other dependent clauses represented as conceived by an antecedent in the principal sentence:
Sulla, si sibi suus pudor ac dignitas non prodesset, nullum auxilium requisivit ( = negavit se defendi velle, si, etc.),
Cic. Sull. 5, 15:
Paetus omnes libros quos frater suus reliquisset mihi donavit ( = dixit se donare libros quos, etc.),
id. Att. 2, 1, 12:
non enim a te emit, sed, priusquam tu suum sibi venderes, ipse possedit ( = potitus est, ne, etc.),
id. Phil. 2, 37, 96:
Africanus, si sua res ageretur, testimonium non diceret,
id. Rosc. Am. 36, 3:
ille ipse (Pompejus) proposuit epistulam illam, in qua est Pro tuis rebus gestis amplissimis. Amplioribusne quam suis, quam Africani?
id. Att. 8, 9, 2:
spiritus dabat (Manlio) quod... vinculorum suorum invidiam dictator fugisset,
Liv. 6, 18, 4:
(Numa) Camenis eum lucum sacravit, quod earum ibi concilia cum conjuge sua Egeria essent,
id. 1, 21, 3:
adulescens deos omnis invocare ad gratiam illi pro se referendam, quoniam sibi nequaquam satis facultatis pro suo animo atque illius erga se esset,
id. 26, 50, 4 (cf. D. 1. a. infra).
D.
In the place of ejus.
1.
In clauses virtually oblique, but with indicative, being conceived by the antecedent (hence suus, not ejus), but asserted as fact by the author (hence indicative, not subjunctive):
Cicero tibi mandat ut Aristodemo idem respondeas, quod de fratre suo (Ciceronis) respondisti,
Cic. Att. 2, 7, 4:
oriundi ab Sabinis, ne, quia post Tatii mortem ab sua parte non erat regnatum, imperium amitterent, sui corporis creari regem volebant,
Liv. 1, 17, 2:
C. Caesar villam pulcherrimam, quia mater sua aliquando in illa custodita erat, diruit,
Sen. Ira, 3, 21, 5:
Philemonem, a manu servum, qui necem suam per venenum inimicis promiserat, non gravius quam simplici morte punivit,
Suet. Caes. 74; cf.:
quomodo excandescunt si quid e juba sua decisum est,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 3.—
2.
To avoid ambiguity:
petunt rationes illius (Catilinae) ut orbetur consilio res publica, ut minuatur contra suum (i.e. Catilinae) furorem imperatorum copia (instead of ejus, which might be referred to res publica),
Cic. Mur. 39, 83:
equites a cornibus positos, cum jam pelleretur media peditum suorum acies, incurrisse ab lateribus ferunt,
Liv. 1, 37, 3.—
3.
Colloquially and in epistolary style suus is used emphatically instead of ejus, with the meaning own, peculiar: deinde ille actutum subferret suus servus poenas Sosia, his own slave (opp. Mercury, who personates Sosias), Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 19: mira erant in civitatibus ipsorum furta Graecorum quae magistratus sui fecerant, their own magistrates ( = ipsorum), Cic. Att. 6, 2, 5:
in quibus (litteris Bruti) unum alienum summa sua prudentia (est), ut spectem ludos suos,
his peculiar prudence, id. ib. 15, 26, 1; so,
quod quidem ille (Nero) decernebat, quorumdam dolo ad omina sui exitus vertebatur,
Tac. A. 16, 24; cf. II. A. 1. b and g; II. A. 2. a. b; II. B. 3.—
4.
Without particular emphasis (mostly ante- and post-class. and poet.):
tum erit tempestiva cum semen suum maturum erit,
Cato, R. R. 31:
vitis si macra erit, sarmenta sua concidito minute,
id. ib. 37:
qui sic purgatus erit, diuturna valetudine utatur, neque ullus morbus veniet, nisi sua culpa,
id. ib. 157:
Cimon in eandem invidiam incidit quam pater suus,
Nep. Cim. 3, 1:
id qua ratione consecutus sit (Lysander) latet. Non enim virtute sui exercitus factum est, etc.,
id. Lys. 1, 2:
ipse sub Esquiliis, ubi erat regia sua, Concidit,
Ov. F. 6, 601:
quodque suus conjux riguo collegerat horto, Truncat olus foliis,
id. M. 8, 646; so id. ib. 15, 819.
II.
In partic.
A.
As substt.
1.
sui, suorum, m., his, their (etc.) friends, soldiers, fellow-beings, equals, adherents, followers, partisans, posterity, slaves, family, etc., of persons in any near connection with the antecedent.
(α).
(Corresp. to the regular usage, I. A. B. C.) Cupio abducere ut reddam (i.e. eam) suis, to her family, friends, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 77; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 66:
cum animus societatem caritatis coierit cum suis, omnesque natura conjunctos suos duxerit,
fellow-beings, Cic. Leg. 1, 23, 60:
mulier ingeniosa praecepit suis omnia Caelio pollicerentur,
her slaves, id. Cael. 25, 62:
quo facilius et nostras domos obire, et ipse a suis coli possit,
his friends, id. ib. 7, 18:
qua gratiam beneficii vestri cum suorum laude conjungant,
their family, id. Agr. 2, 1, 1:
vellem hanc contemptionem pecuniae suis reliquisset,
to his posterity, id. Phil. 3, 6, 16:
cum divisurum se urbem palam suis polliceretur,
his partisans, id. ib. 13, 9, 19:
Caesar, cohortatus suos, proelium commisit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25; so,
Curio exercitum reduxit, suis omnibus praeter Fabium incolumibus,
id. B. C. 2, 35:
Caesar receptui suorum timens,
id. ib. 3, 46:
certior ab suis factus est, praeclusas esse portas,
id. ib. 2, 20:
omnium suorum consensu, Curio bellum ducere parabat,
id. ib. 2, 37: so,
Pompejus suorum omnium hortatu statuerat proelio decertare,
id. ib. 3, 86:
Caesar Brundisium ad suos severius scripsit,
to his officers, id. ib. 3, 25:
naviculam conscendit cum paucis suis,
a few of his followers, id. ib. 3, 104:
multum cum suis consiliandi causa secreto praeter consuetudinem loqueretur,
id. ib. 1, 19:
nupsit Melino, adulescenti inprimis inter suos et honesto et nobili,
his equals, associates, Cic. Clu. 5, 11:
rex raptim a suis in equum impositus fugit,
his suite, Liv. 41, 4, 7:
subsidio suorum proelium restituere,
comrades, id. 21, 52, 10:
feras bestias... ad opem suis ferendam avertas,
their young, id. 26, 13, 12:
abstulit sibi in suos potestatem,
his slaves, Sen. Ira, 3, 12, 6:
Besso et Nabarzani nuntiaverant sui regem... interemptum esse,
their fellow - conspirators, Curt. 5, 12, 14. — Very rarely sing.:
ut bona mens suis omnibus fuerit. Si quem libido abripuit, illorum eum, cum quibus conjuravit, non suum judicet esse,
Liv. 39, 16, 5.—
(β).
Irregular use (acc. to I. D.): sui = ejus amici, etc. (freq.;
the absolute use of ejus in this sense being inadmissible): quasi vero quisquam dormiat? ne sui quidem hoc velint, non modo ipse (sui = ejus amici, liberi),
Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:
is (annus) ejus omnem spem... morte pervertit. Fuit hoc luctuosum suis, acerbum patriae, etc.,
id. Or. 3, 2, 8:
quadrigas, quia per suos ( = ipsius milites) agendae erant, in prima acie locaverat rex,
Liv. 37, 41, 8:
auctoritatem Pisistrati qui inter suos ( = ejus cives) maxima erat,
id. 37, 12:
quo cum multitudine adversariorum sui superarentur, ipse fuit superior, etc.,
Nep. Hann. 8, 4; v. g.—
(γ).
Without antecedent (cf. I. B. supra): quoties necesse est fallere aut falli a suis, by one ' s friends, Sen. Phoen. 493.—
(δ).
Sing.: sŭa, suae. f., a sweetheart, mistress (rare): illam suam suas res sibi habere jussit. Cic. Phil. 2, 28. 69:
cedo quid hic faciet sua?
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 92.—
2.
sŭum, i, n., and more freq. sŭa, suorum, n. plur., = one ' s property.
a.
Sing.
(α).
Lit.:
nec suom adimerem alteri,
his property, his own, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 38 (34):
nunc si ille salvos revenit, reddam suom sibi (v. D. 3. a. infra),
id. ib. 1, 2, 119:
illum studeo quam facillime ad suum pervenire,
Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 4:
populi Romani hanc esse consuetudinem ut socios sui nihil deperdere velit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 43; cf. Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 3, I. A. 11. supra:
nec donare illi de suo dicimur,
Sen. Ben. 7, 4, 2; so esp. with quisque; v. infra — Hence, de suo = per se, or sua sponte;
(stellae) quae per igneos tractus labentia inde splendorem trahant caloremque, non de suo clara,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 1, 6. —
(β).
Trop.:
meum mihi placebat, illi suum (of a literary essay),
Cic. Att. 14, 20, 3: suom quemque decet, his own manners, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 11; so, expendere oportet quid quisque habeat sui ( what peculiarities) nec velle experiri quam se aliena deceant;
id enim maxime quemque decet quod est cujusque maxime suum,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 113.—
(γ).
Jurid. term: aliquid pro suo possidere, to possess in the belief of one ' s legal right:
pro suo possessio tale est, cum dominium nobis acquiri putamus. Et ea causa possidemus ex qua acquiritur, et praeterea pro suo,
Dig. 41, 10, 1;
so without an antecedent, and referring to a first person: item re donata, pro donato et pro suo possideo,
ib. 41, 10, 1; v. the whole tit. ib. 42, 10 (Pro suo); cf. ib. 23, 3, 67; cf. C., infra fin.;
similarly: usucapere pro suo = acquire dominion by a possession pro suo, Fragm. Vat. 111: res pro suo, quod justam causam possidendi habet, usucapit,
id. ib. 260; Dig. 41, 3, 27. —
b.
Plur.
(α).
One ' s property:
Roscius tibi omnia sua praeter animam tradidit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 146:
qui etiam hostibus externis victis sua saepissime reddiderunt,
id. Agr. 1, 6, 19:
tu autem vicinis tuis Massiliensibus sua reddis,
id. Att. 14, 14, 6:
Remi legatos miserunt qui dicerent se suaque omnia in fidem atque potestatem populi Romani permittere,
Caes. B. G. 2, 3, 2; 1, 11, 2; 2, 13, 2:
ipsi milites alveos informes quibus se suaque transveherent, faciebant,
their baggage, Liv. 21, 26, 9:
docere eos qui sua permisere fortunae,
Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. 7; so without an antecedent, one ' s own property (cf. I. B. 2. supra):
hanc ob causam maxime ut sua tenerentur res publicae constitutae sunt,
Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73;
rarely = eorum res: quod vero etiam sua reddiderint (i.e. Gallis),
Liv. 39, 55, 3. —
(β).
One ' s own affairs:
aliena ut melius videant et dijudicent Quam sua,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 96:
cognoscunt... immobile agmen et sua quemque molientem,
Liv. 10, 20, 8:
omnia ei hostium non secus quam sua nota erant,
id. 22, 41, 5:
aliena cum suis perdidit,
Sen. Ben. 7, 16, 3.— Absol., referring to a noun fem.: sua (finxit) C. Cassius ( = suas persuasiones; cf.
the context),
Quint. 6, 3, 90.
B.
Predicative uses: suum esse, facere, fieri, putare, etc., like a gen. poss., to be, etc., the property, or under the dominion, control, power of the antecedent.
1.
Of property in things.
(α).
Corporeal:
scripsit causam dicere Prius aurum quare sit suum,
Ter. Eun. prol. 11:
nihil erat cujusquam quod non hoc anno suum fore putabat (Clodius),
Cic. Mil. 32, 87:
quia suum cujusque fit, eorum quae natura fuerant communia quod cuique obtigit, id quisque teneat,
id. Off. 1, 7, 21:
Juba suam esse praedicans praedam,
Caes. B. C. 3, 84:
gratum sibi populum facturum, si omnes res Neapolitanorum suas duxissent,
Liv. 22, 32, 8: libros esse dicimus Ciceronis;
eosdem Dorus librarius suos vocat,
Sen. Ben. 7, 6, 1:
cum enim istarum personarum nihil suum esse possit,
since these persons can own nothing, Gai. Inst. 2, 96; cf. Dig. 1, 7, 15 pr.—Virtually predicative:
referas ad eos qui suam rem nullam habent ( = rem quae sua sit),
nothing of their own, Cic. Phil. 2, 6, 15:
qui in potestate nostra est, nihil suum habere potest,
Gai. Inst. 2, 84. — ( b) Of literary works:
quae convenere in Andriam ex Perinthia Fatetur transtulisse, atque usum pro suis ( = quasi sua essent),
Ter. And. prol. 14:
potest autem... quae tum audiet... ingenue pro suis dicere,
his own thoughts, Quint. 12, 3, 3.—
(γ).
Of a country or people:
suum facere = suae dicionis facere: commemorat ut (Caesar) magnam partem Italiae beneficio atque auctoritate eorum suam fecerit,
Caes. B. C. 2, 32:
in quam (Asiam) jam ex parte suam fecerit,
Liv. 44, 24, 4:
crudelissima ac superbissima gens sua omnia suique arbitrii facit,
id. 21, 44, 5.—
(δ).
Trop.:
omnia sua putavit quae vos vestra esse velletis,
Cic. Phil. 11, 12, 27:
non meminit, illum exercitum senatus populique Romani esse, non suum,
id. ib. 13, 6, 4: [p. 1826] probavit, non rempublicam suam esse, sed se reipublicae, Sen. Clem. 1, 19, 8;
so of incorporeal things: hi si velint scire quam brevis eorum vita sit, cogitent ex quota parte sua sit,
how much of it is their own, id. Brev. Vit. 19, 3; so, suum facere, to appropriate:
prudentis est, id quod in quoque optimum est, si possit, suum facere,
Quint. 10, 2, 26:
quaeremus quomodo animus (hanc virtutem) usu suam faciat,
Sen. Clem. 1, 3, 1.—
2.
Of persons.
(α).
Under a master ' s or father ' s control:
ut lege caverent, ne quis quem civitatis mutandae causa suum faceret, neve alienaret,
make any one his slave, Liv. 41, 8, 12: quid eam tum? suamne esse ajebat, his daughter, i.e. in his power? Ter. And. 5, 4, 29:
eduxit mater pro sua ( = quasi sua esset),
id. Eun. 1, 2, 76.—
(β).
Reflexively = sui juris, independent, one ' s own master or mistress, not subject to another ' s control, under one ' s own control (v. sui juris, infra):
ancilla, quae mea fuit hodie, sua nunc est,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 3.—
(γ).
Of moral power over others: suus = devoted to one:
hice hoc munere arbitrantur Suam Thaidem esse,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 38:
eos hic fecit suos Paulo sumptu,
id. Ad. 5, 4, 21:
sed istunc exora, ut (mulierem) suam esse adsimulet,
to be friendly to him, id. Heaut. 2, 3, 117:
cum Antonio sic agens ut perspiciat, si in eo negotio nobis satisfecerit, totum me futurum suum,
Cic. Att. 14, 1 a, 2:
Alpheus... utebatur populo sane suo,
devoted to him, id. Quint. 7, 29.— Poet.: vota suos habuere deos, the vows (inst. of the persons uttering them) had the gods on their side, Ov. M. 4, 373. —
(δ).
Of power over one's self, etc.:
nam qui sciet ubi quidque positum sit, quaque eo veniat, is poterit eruere, semperque esse in disputando suus,
self-possessed, Cic. Fin. 4, 4, 10:
inaestimabile bonum est suum fieri,
selfcontrol, Sen. Ep. 75, 18:
(furiosus) qui suus non est,
Dig. 42, 4, 7, § 9:
vix sua, vix sanae virgo Niseia compos Mentis erat,
Ov. M. 8, 35. —
3.
Suum est, as impers. predicate: = ejus est, characteristic of, peculiar to one (very rare):
dixit antea, sed suum illud est, nihil ut affirmet,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99.
C.
Attributive usages, almost always (except in Seneca) with suus before its noun.
1.
The property, relations, affairs, etc., of one opposed to those of another, own.
a.
Opposition expressed:
nihil de suo casu, multa de vestro querebatur,
Cic. Balb. 8, 21:
sua sibi propiora pericula quam mea loquebantur,
id. Sest. 18, 40:
suasque et imperatoris laudes canentes,
Liv. 45, 38, 12:
damnatione collegae et sua,
id. 22, 35, 3:
Senecae fratris morte pavidum et pro sua incolumitate pavidum,
Tac. A. 14, 73:
velut pro Vitellio conquerentes suum dolorem proferebant,
id. H. 3, 37;
opp. alienus: ut suo potius tempore mercatorem admitterent, quam celerius alieno,
at a time convenient to themselves, Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 11. —Without antecedent, opp. externus:
(Platoni) duo placet esse motus, unum suum, alterum externum, esse autem divinius quod ipsum ex se sua sponte moveatur, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32. —
b.
Implied:
voluptatem suis se finibus tenere jubeamus,
within the limits assigned to it, Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 1:
cum vobis immortale monumentum suis paene manibus senatus... exstruxerit,
id. Phil. 14, 12, 33:
superiores (amnes) in Italia, hic (Rhodanus) trans Alpes, hospitales suas tantum, nec largiores quam intulere aquas vehentes,
Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 224: colligitur aqua ex imbribus;
ex suo fonte nativa est,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 3:
pennas ambo non habuere suas (non suas = alienas),
Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 24. —
c.
In particular phrases. ( a) Sua sponte and suo Marte, of one ' s own accord, by one ' s self, without the suggestion, influence, aid, etc., of others:
Caesar bellum contra Antonium sua sponte suscepit,
Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5:
sua sponte ad Caesarem in jus adierunt,
Caes. B. C. 1, 87.—So of things, = per se, by or of itself, for itself, for its own sake:
jus et omne honestum sua sponte expetendum (cf. in the context: per se igitur jus est expetendum),
Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48: justitium sua sponte inceptum priusquam indiceretur, by itself, i. e. without a decree, Liv. 9, 7, 8; so,
sortes sua sponte attenuatas,
id. 22, 1, 11 (cf. id. 22, 38, 13; 35, 14, 4, I. A. 2., supra): rex enim ipse, sua sponte, nullis commentariis Caesaris, simul atque audivit ejus interitum suo Marte res suas recuperavit, Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95.—
(β).
Suus locus, in milit. lang., one ' s own ground, position, or lines:
restitit suo loco Romana acies (opp. to the advance of the enemy),
Liv. 22, 16, 2.—So figuratively:
et staturas suo loco leges,
Sen. Ben. 2, 20, 2:
aciem instruxit primum suis locis, pauloque a castris Pompeji longius,
Caes. B. C. 3, 84 (cf.: suo loco, 7. b. g, infra).—
(γ).
For suo jure v. 3. infra.—
(δ).
Sua Venus = one's own Venus, i. e. good luck (v. Venus): ille non est mihi par virtutibus, nec officiis;
sed habuit suam Venerem,
Sen. Ben. 2, 28, 2. —
2.
Of private relations (opp. to public):
ut in suis rebus, ita in re publica luxuriosus nepos,
Cic. Agr. 2, 18, 48:
deinde ut communibus pro communibus utatur, privatis ut suis,
id. Off. 1, 7, 20:
quod oppidum Labienus sua pecunia exaedificaverat,
Caes. B. C. 1, 15:
militibus agros ex suis possessionibus pollicetur,
i. e. his private property, id. ib. 1, 17; Sen. Ben. 7, 6, 3. —
3.
Of just rights or claims:
imperatori senatuique honos suus redditus,
due to them, Liv. 3, 10, 3:
neque inpedimento fuit, quominus religionibus suus tenor suaque observatio redderetur,
Val. Max. 1, 1, 8:
quibus omnibus debetur suus decor,
Quint. 11, 1, 41. —
So distributively: is mensibus suis dimisit legionem,
in the month in which each soldier was entitled to his discharge, Liv. 40, 41, 8. — Esp.: suo jure (so, meo, nostro, tuo, etc., jure), by his own right:
Tullus Hostilius qui suo jure in porta nomen inscripsit,
Cic. Phil. 13, 12, 26:
earum rerum hic A. Licinius fructum a me repetere prope suo jure debet,
id. Arch. 1, 1; id. Marcell. 2, 6; id. Phil. 2, 25, 62; id. Balb. 8, 21:
numquam illum res publica suo jure esset ulta,
by its unquestionable right, id. Mil. 33, 88. —
4.
Of that to which one is exclusively devoted:
huic quaestioni suum diem dabimus,
a day for its exclusive discussion, Sen. Ep. 94, 52:
homini autem suum bonum ratio est,
his exclusive good, id. ib. 76, 10:
in majorem me quaestionem vocas, cui suus locus, suus dies dandus est,
id. Q. N. 2, 46, 1. —
With proprius: mentio inlata apud senatum est, rem suo proprio magistratu egere,
that the business needed a particular officer exclusively for itself, Liv. 4, 8, 4:
et Hannibalem suo proprio occupandum bello,
id. 27, 38, 7; cf.:
dissupasset hostes, ni suo proprio eum proelio equites Volscorum exceptum tenuissent,
in which they alone fought, id. 3, 70, 4:
mare habet suas venas quibus impletur,
by which it alone is fed, Sen. Q. N. 3, 14, 3. —
5.
According to one ' s liking, of one ' s own choice.
a.
Of persons, devoted to one, friendly, dear:
Milone occiso (Clodius) habuisset suos consules,
after his own heart, Cic. Mil. 33, 89:
collegit ipse se contra suum Clodium,
his dear Clodius, id. Pis. 12, 27 (cf.: suum facere, habere, II. B. 2. g).—
b.
Of things, favorable.
(α).
Of place: neque Jugurtham nisi... suo loco pugnam facere, on his own ground, i. e. chosen by him, favorable, Sall. J. 61, 1:
hic magna auxilia expectabant et suis locis bellum in hiemem ducere cogitabant,
Caes. B. C. 1, 61; cf.:
numquam nostris locis laboravimus,
Liv. 9, 19, 15.—
(β).
Of time:
cum Perseus suo maxime tempore et alieno hostibus incipere bellum posset,
Liv. 42, 43, 3; v. 7. b, infra. —
c.
Of circumstances: sua occasio, a favorable opportunity; sometimes without antecedent:
neque occasioni tuae desis, neque suam occasionem hosti des,
Liv. 22, 39, 21:
tantum abfuit ut ex incommodo alieno sua occasio peteretur,
id. 4, 58, 2:
aestuque suo Locros trajecit,
a favorable tide, id. 23, 41, 11:
ignoranti quem portum petat nullus suus ventus est,
Sen. Ep. 71, 3:
orba suis essent etiamnunc lintea ventis,
Ov. M. 13, 195:
aut ille Ventis iturus non suis,
Hor. Epod. 9, 30. —
6.
Of persons or things, peculiar, particular:
quae est ei (animo) natura? Propria, puto, et sua,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 70:
omnis enim motus animi suum quendam a natura habet vultum,
id. de Or. 3, 57, 316:
geometrae et musici... more quodam loquuntur suo. Ipsae rhetorum artes verbis in docendo quasi privatis utuntur ac suis,
id. Fin. 3, 1, 4:
sensus omnis habet suum finem,
its peculiar limits, Quint. 9, 4, 61: animus cum suum ambitum complevit et finibus se suis cinxit, consummatum est summum bonum, Sen. Vit. Beat. 9, 3: est etiam in nominibus ( nouns) diverso collocatis sua gratia, their peculiar elegance, Quint. 9, 3, 86:
ibi non bello aperto, sed suis artibus, fraude et insidiis, est paene circumventus,
Liv. 21, 34, 1:
nec Hannibalem fefellit, suis se artibus peti,
id. 22, 16, 5:
adversus hostem non virtute tantum, sed suis (i. e. hostis) etiam pugnare consiliis oportebat,
Flor. 2, 6, 26:
liberam Minucii temeritatem se suo modo expleturum,
Liv. 22, 28, 2:
equites ovantes sui moris carmine,
id. 10, 26, 11:
exsultans cum sui moris tripudiis,
id. 21, 42, 3:
tripudiantes suo more,
id. 23, 26, 9.—So, suo Marte, referring to the style of fighting peculiar to the different arms:
equitem suo alienoque Marte pugnare,
that the cavalry were fighting both in their own style and in that of the other arms, Liv. 3, 62, 9; cf.: suo Marte, 1, c. a, supra.—And distributively ( = suus quisque):
suos autem haec operum genera ut auctores, sic etiam amatores habent,
Quint. 12, 10, 2:
illa vero fatidica fulmina ex alto et ex suis venire sideribus,
Plin. 2, 43, 43, § 113; cf.:
quae quidem planiora suis exemplis reddentur,
Val. Max. 3, 4 prooem.—
7.
Proper, right.
a.
Referring to one's ordinary or normal condition:
quod certe non fecisset, si suum numerum naves habuissent,
their regular complement, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 133. — So poet.:
flecte ratem! numerum non habet illa suum,
its full number, Ov. H. 10, 36:
novus exercitus consulibus est decretus: binae legiones cum suo equitatu,
Liv. 40, 36, 6:
cum suo justo equitatu,
id. 21, 17, 8:
totam (disciplinam) in suum statum redegit,
Val. Max. 2, 7, 2:
tranquilla mente et vultu suo,
with the ordinary expression of his face, Sen. Clem. 2, 6, 2:
media pars aeris ab his (ignibus) submota, in frigore suo manet. Natura enim aeris gelida est,
id. Q. N. 2, 10, 4:
cornuaque in patriis non sua vidit aquis,
not natural to her, Ov. H. 14, 90. —
So, non suus, of ingrafted branches and their fruit: miraturque (arbos) novas frondis et non sua poma,
Verg. G. 2, 82. —
b.
Of time, proper, regular, etc. (cf. 5. b, supra).
(α).
The regular time ( = stato tempore):
signum quod semper tempore exoritur suo,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 4:
cum et recte et suo tempore pepererit,
Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 16: aestas suo tempore incanduit...;
tam solstitium quam aequinoctium suos dies retulit,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 16, 3:
omnes venti vicibus suis spirant majore ex parte,
Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128. —
(β).
The right or proper time:
salictum suo tempore caedito,
Cato, R. R. 33:
cessit e vita suo magis quam suorum civium tempore,
the right time for himself, Cic. Brut. 1, 4; so,
exstingui homini suo tempore optabile est,
id. Sen. 23, 85:
Scandilius dicit se suo tempore rediturum,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 139:
si Ardeates sua tempora exspectare velint,
Liv. 4, 7, 6:
Chrysippus dicit, illum... opperiri debere suum tempus, ad quod velut dato signo prosiliat,
Sen. Ben. 2, 25, 3:
quam multi exercitus tempore suo victorem hostem pepulerunt!
Liv. 44, 39, 4. — Without antecedent: sed suo tempore totius sceleris hujus fons aperietur. Cic. Phil. 14, 6, 15; cf.:
de ordine laudis, etc., praecipiemus suo tempore,
Quint. 2, 4, 21. —
(γ).
Suo loco = at the proper place:
quae erant prudentiae propria suo loco dicta sunt,
Cic. Off. 1, 40, 143:
quod reddetur suo loco,
Quint. 11, 1, 16:
ut suo loco dicetur,
Plin. 2, 90, 102, § 221:
inscripta quae suis locis reddam,
id. 1, prooem. § 27; Sen. Ben. 2, 20, 2; cf. 1, c. b; 4. supra. —
(δ).
Suited, appropriate, adapted to one:
in eodem fundo suum quidquid conseri oportet,
Cato, R. R. 7:
siquidem hanc vendidero pretio suo,
at a suitable price, Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 30:
in partes suas digerenda causa,
Quint. 11, 1, 6:
confundetur quidquid in suas partes natura digessit,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 29, 8. — Poet.: haec ego dumque queror, lacrimae sua verba sequuntur, Deque meis oculis in tua membra cadunt, appropriate, i. e. tristia, Ov. H. 14, 67.—Without antecedent: suum quidquid genus talearum serito, any fit kind, i. e. suited to the ground, Cato, R. R. 48. —
8.
Own, with the notion of independence of, or dependence on others (cf. B. 2. g d).
a.
Of political independence: pacem condicionibus his fecerunt ut Capuae suae leges, sui magistratus essent, her own laws, i. e. not subject to Carthage, Liv. 23, 7, 2: liberos [p. 1827] eos ac suis legibus victuros, id. 25, 23, 4. —
Esp. in the phrases suae potestatis or in sua potestate esse, suo jure uti, sui juris esse: Puteolos, qui nunc in sua potestate sunt, suo jure, libertate aequa utuntur, totos occupabunt,
Cic. Agr. 2, 31, 86:
Rhegini potestatis suae ad ultimum remanserunt,
retained their self-government, Liv. 23, 30, 9:
urbem ne quam formulae sui juris facerent,
id. 38, 9, 10. —
b.
Of paternal authority.
(α).
Free from the power of the paterfamilias; in the phrases sui juris esse, suae potestatis esse, to be independent:
quaedam personae sui juris sunt, quaedam alieno juri sunt subjectae, Gai,
Inst. 1, 48:
sui juris sunt familiarum suarum principes, id est pater familiae, itemque mater familiae,
Ulp. Fragm. 4, 1:
liberi parentum potestate liberantur emancipatione. Sed filius quidem ter manumissus sui juris fit, ceteri autem liberi una manumissione sui juris fiunt,
id. ib. 10, 1:
morte patris filius et filia sui juris fiunt,
id. ib. 10, 2:
patres familiarum sunt qui sunt suae potestatis,
Dig. 1, 6, 4:
si modo defunctus testator suae potestatis mortis tempore fuerit,
Gai. Inst. 2, 147. —
With indef. reference: si sui juris sumus,
Dig. 46, 2, 20; cf.:
pro suo possideo, 2. a. supra.—Attributively: sui juris arrogatio feminae,
Cod. Just. 8, 47, 8:
homo sui juris,
ib. 10, § 5.— Trop.:
sapiens numquam semiliber erit: integrae semper libertatis et sui juris,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 5, 3:
non illarum coitu fieri cometen, sed proprium et sui juris esse,
id. Q. N. 7, 12, 2: nullique sunt tam feri et sui juris adfectus, ut non disciplina perdomentur, id. Ira, 2, 12, 3. —
(β).
Subject to paternal authority, in the phrases suus heres, sui liberi; suus heres, an heir who had been in the paternal power of the deceased:
CVI SVVS HERES NON SIT, XII. Tab. fr. 5, 4.—In the jurists without antecedent: sui et necessarii heredes sunt velut filius filiave, nepos neptisve ex filia, deinceps ceteri qui modo in potestate morientis fuerunt,
Gai. Inst. 2, 156:
(emancipati liberi) non sunt sui heredes,
ib. 2, 135:
alia facta est juris interpretatio inter suos heredes,
ib. 3, 15:
datur patrono adversus suos heredes bonorum possessio (where patrono is not the antecedent of suos),
ib. 3, 41:
sui heredes vel instituendi sunt vel exheredandi,
Ulp. Fragm. 22, 14:
accrescunt suis quidem heredibus in partem virilem, extraneis autem in partem dimidiam,
id. ib. 22, 17. —
Sui liberi, children in paternal power: de suis et legitimis liberis,
Cod. Just. 6, 55 inscr.
D.
In particular connections.
1.
With ipse, his own, etc. (cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 696).
a.
Ipse agreeing with the antecedent of suus, the antecedent being,
(α).
A subjectnom.:
(ingenium ejus) valet ipsum suis viribus,
by its own strength, Cic. Cael. 19, 45:
legio Martia non ipsa suis decretis hostem judicavit Antonium?
by its own resolutions, id. Phil. 4, 2, 5:
ruit ipse suis cladibus,
id. ib. 14, 3, 8:
si ex scriptis cognosci ipsi suis potuissent,
id. de Or. 2, 2, 8:
qui se ipse sua gravitate et castimonia defenderet,
id. Cael. 5, 11:
quod ipse suae civitatis imperium obtenturus esset,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3:
suamet ipsae fraude omnes interierunt,
Liv. 8, 18, 9; 39, 49, 3:
ut saeviret ipse in suum sanguinem effecerunt,
id. 40, 5, 1:
respicerent suum ipsi exercitum,
id. 42, 52, 10; 21, 31, 12; 22, 38, 3; 6, 19, 6.—
(β).
A subject-acc.:
sunt qui dicant eam sua ipsam peremptam mercede,
Liv. 1, 11, 9:
(tribuniciam potestatem) suis ipsam viribus dissolvi,
id. 2, 44, 2.—
(γ).
An object in dat. or acc.:
sic ut ipsis consistendi in suis munitionibus locus non esset,
Caes. B. C. 2, 6:
tribuni (hostem) intra suamet ipsum moenia compulere,
Liv. 6, 36, 4:
alios sua ipsos invidia opportunos interemit,
id. 1, 54, 8; 22, 14, 13.—Suus as adjunct of subject (rare):
aliquando sua praesidia in ipsos consurrexerunt,
their own garrisons revolted against them, Sen. Clem. 1, 26, 1.—
b.
With gen. of ipse, strengthening the possessive notion (cf. 4.;
post-Aug. and very rare, but freq. in modern Lat.): aves (foetus suos) libero caelo suaeque ipsorum fiduciae permittunt,
Quint. 2, 6, 7 (but tuus ipsius occurs in Cic.:
tuo ipsius studio,
Cic. Mur. 4, 9:
tuam ipsius amicitiam,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 7).—
c.
Both suus and ipse agreeing with the governing noun (very rare; not in Cic. or Caes.): quae tamen in ipso cursu suo dissipata est (= ipsa in cursu suo), in its very course, Sen. Q. N. 1, 1, 3 dub.:
suamet ipsa scelera,
Sall. C. 23, 2 (Dietsch ex conj. ipse):
suismet ipsis corporibus,
Liv. 2, 19, 5 MSS. (Weissenb. ex conj. ipsi):
a suismet ipsis praesidiis,
id. 8, 25, 6 MSS. (Weissenb. ipsi).—
2.
With quisque, distributively, each ( every one)... his own; in prose quisque is generally preceded by suus.
a.
Quisque and suus in different cases.
(α).
Quisque as subjectnom.:
sentit enim vim quisque suam quoad possit abuti,
Lucr. 5, 1033:
suo quisque loco cubet,
Cato, R. R. 5:
suum quisque noscat ingenium,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 114:
ad suam quisque (me disciplinam) rapiet,
id. Ac. 2, 36, 114:
quod suos quisque servos in tali re facere voluisset,
id. Mil. 10, 29:
cum suo quisque auxilio uteretur,
Caes. B. C. 1, 51:
celeriter ad suos quisque ordines redit,
id. ib. 3, 37.—In apposition with plur. subj. (freq. in Liv.):
nunc alii sensus quo pacto quisque suam rem Sentiat,
Lucr. 4, 522:
ut omnes cives Romani in suis quisque centuriis prima luce adessent,
that all the Roman citizens should be present, each in his own centuria, Liv. 1, 44, 1:
hinc senatus, hinc plebs, suum quisque intuentes ducem constiterant,
id. 6, 15, 3:
ut (trigemini) pro sua quisque patria dimicent,
id. 1, 24, 2:
stabant compositi suis quisque ordinibus,
id. 44, 38, 11:
(consules) in suas quisque provincias proficiscuntur,
id. 25, 12, 2; 25, 26, 13:
in suo quaeque (stella) motu naturam suam exercent,
Plin. 2, 39, 39, § 106.—With abl. absol.:
omnes, velut dis auctoribus in spem suam quisque acceptis, proelium una voce poscunt,
Liv. 21, 45, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.:
relictis suis quisque stationibus... concurrerunt,
id. 32, 24, 4; 4, 44, 10; 39, 49, 3; 2, 38, 6.—
(β).
With acc. of quisque as subj.:
fabrum esse suae quemque fortunae, App. Claud. ap. Ps.-Sall. Ep. ad Caes. Rep. c. l.: sui quemque juris et retinendi et dimittendi esse dominum,
Cic. Balb. 13, 31:
recipere se in domos suas quemque jussit,
Liv. 25, 10, 9; and (ungrammatically) nom., as apposition to a subj.-acc.:
se non modo suam quisque patriam, sed totam Siciliam relicturos,
id. 26, 29, 3 MSS. (Weissenb. ex conj. quosque).—
(γ).
As adjunct of the subject-nom., with a case of quisque as object, attribut. gen., etc.:
sua cujusque animantis natura est,
Cic. Fin. 5, 9, 25:
sua quemque fraus, suum facinus, suum scelus, etc., de sanitate ac mente deturbat,
id. Pis. 20, 46:
sua quemque fraus et suus terror maxime vexat,
id. Rosc. Am. 24, 67:
suum cuique incommodum ferendum est,
id. Off. 3, 6, 30:
ut solidum suum cuique solvatur,
id. Rab. Post. 17, 46:
ne suus cuique domi hostis esset,
Liv. 3, 16, 3:
ut sua cuique respublica in manu esset,
id. 26, 8, 11:
animus suus cuique ordinem pugnandi dabat,
id. 22, 5, 8:
tentorium suum cuique militi domus ac penates sunt,
id. 44, 39, 5:
suus cuique (stellae) color est,
Plin. 2, 18, 16, § 79:
trahit sua quemque voluptas,
Verg. E. 2, 65:
stat sua cuique dies,
id. A. 10, 467.—
(δ).
As predicate-nom. (v. II. B.):
opinionem, quae sua cuique conjectanti esse potest,
Liv. 6, 12, 3.—
(ε).
As adjunct of subj.-acc.:
suum cuique honorem et gradum redditum gaudeo,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 136:
scientiam autem suam cujusque artis esse,
id. Fin. 5, 9, 26.—
(ζ).
As adjunct of an object, with a case of quisque as object or attribut. gen.: suam cuique sponsam, mihi meam: suum cuique amorem, mihi meum, Atil. Fragm. inc. 1: suom cuique per me uti atque frui licet, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 24 (23), 1:
ut suo quemque appellem nomine,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 52:
placet Stoicis suo quamque rem nomine appellare,
Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 1:
ad suam cujusque naturam consilium est omne revocandum,
id. Off. 1, 33, 119:
justitia quae suum cuique distribuit,
id. N. D. 3, 15, 38:
in tribuendo suum cuique,
id. Off. 1, 5, 14:
Turnus sui cuique periculi recens erat documentum,
Liv. 1, 52, 4:
in trimatu suo cuique dimidiam esse mensuram futurae certum esse,
Plin. 7, 15, 16, § 73:
certa cuique rerum suarum possessio,
Vell. 2, 89, 4; cf.: qua re suum unicuique studium suaque omnibus delectatio relinquatur, Ps.-Cic. Cons. 26, 93.—With quemque in apposition with acc. plur.:
Camillus vidit intentos opifices suo quemque operi,
Liv. 6, 25, 9; so cujusque in appos. with gen. plur.: trium clarissimorum suae cujusque gentis virorum mors, id. 39, 52, 7; and cuique with dat. plur.: sui cuique mores fingunt fortunam hominibus, Poet. ap. Nep. Att. 11, 6 (where Lachm. ad Lucr. 2, 372, reads quique, ex conj.; cf. b. b, infra).—
b.
Attraction of suus and quisque as adjuncts of nouns.
(α).
Attraction of suus:
ut nemo sit nostrum quin in sensibus sui cujusque generis judicium requirat acrius (= suum cujusque generis judicium),
Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 19:
quas tamen inter omnes (voces) est suo quoque in genere (vox) mediocris ( = inter omnes voces est mediocris vox, sua quoque in genere),
id. de Or. 3, 57, 216:
eo concilia suae cujusque regionis indici jussit (= sua cujusque regionis concilia),
Liv. 45, 29, 10:
equites suae cuique parti post principia collocat (= equites suos cuique parti),
id. 3, 22, 6:
cum motibus armorum et corporum suae cuique genti assuetis,
id. 25, 17, 5:
legiones deducebantur cum tribunis et centurionibus et sui cujusque ordinis militibus (= suis cujusque),
Tac. A. 14, 27:
quae sui cujusque sunt ingenii,
Quint. 7, 10, 10 Halm (al. sua):
sui cujusque ingenii poma vel semina gerunt (= sua cujusque),
Col. 3, 1;
and by a double attraction: has (cohortes) subsidiariae ternae et aliae totidem suae cujusque legionis subsequebantur (= has cohortes... totidem cujusque legionis, suam quaeque legionem, subsequebantur),
Caes. B. C. 1, 83. —
(β).
Attraction of quisque:
tanta ibi copia venustatum in suo quique loco sita,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 6 (al. quaeque):
quodvis frumentum non tamen omne Quique suo genere inter se simile esse videbis,
Lucr. 2, 372 Lachm. and Munro ad loc.:
cum verba debeant sui cujusque generis copulari,
Varr. L. L. 10, 48:
in sensibus sui cujusque generis judicium,
Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 19:
haec igitur proclivitas ad suum quodque genus aegrotatio dicatur,
id. Tusc. 4, 12, 28:
separatim greges sui cujusque generis nocte remeabant (= greges sui quisque generis),
Liv. 24, 3, 5:
ut sui cujusque mensis acciperet (frumentum),
Suet. Aug. 40;
and quisque both attracted and in its own case: quia cujusque partis naturae et in corpore et in animo sua quaeque vis sit (where either cujusque or quaeque is redundant),
Cic. Fin. 5, 17, 46; v. Madv. ad loc.; Cato, R. R. 23 fin.;
so esp. in the phrases suo quoque tempore, anno, die, loco, etc.: pecunia, quae in stipendium Romanis suo quoque anno penderetur, deerat (= suo quaeque anno),
each instalment in the year when due, Liv. 33, 46, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.:
suo quoque loco,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 2; 1, 22, 6:
opera quae suis quibusque temporibus anni vilicum exsequi oporteret,
Col. 11, 3:
suo quoque tempore,
Vitr. 2, 9, 4:
nisi sua quaque die usurae exsolverentur (= sua quaeque die),
Dig. 22, 1, 12 init.; 13, 7, 8, § 3:
ut opera rustica suo quoque tempore faciat,
ib. 19, 2, 25, § 3 (al. quaeque)—
c.
In the order quisque... suus.
(α).
In relative clauses, comparative clauses with ut, and interrogative clauses introduced by quid, etc., where quisque immediately follows the relative, etc.:
ut quisque suom volt esse, ita est,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 45; cf.
with sibi,
Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 49; id. Lael. 9, 30:
expendere oportere quid quisque habeat sui... nec velle experiri quam se aliena deceant. Id enim maxime quemque decet quod est cujusque maxime suum,
id. Off. 1, 31, 113:
neque solum quid in senatu quisque civitatis suae dicerent ignorabant, sed, etc.,
Liv. 32, 19, 9:
gratius id fore laetiusque quod quisque sua manu ex hoste captum rettulerit,
id. 5, 20, 8; 6, 25, 10; cf.:
in quibus cum multa sint quae sua quisque dicere velit, nihil est quod quisque suum possit dicere,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 23, 1.—
(β).
If the emphasis is not on suus, but (for quisque, when emphatic, unusquisque is used) on some other word:
in civitates quemque suas... dimisit,
Liv. 21, 48, 2:
in patriam quisque suam remissus est,
Just. 33, 2, 8:
in vestigio quemque suo vidit,
Liv. 28, 22, 15; cf.:
hospitibus quisque suis scribebant,
id. 33, 45, 6:
pro facultatibus quisque suis,
id. 42, 53, 3; cf.:
respiciendae sunt cuique facultates suae,
Sen. Ben. 2, 15, 3:
praecipitat quisque vitam suam et futuri desiderio laborat,
id. Brev. Vit. 7, 5; id. Ben. 7, 5, 1:
tunc praeceps quisque se proripit et penates suos deserit,
id. Q. N. 6, 1, 5; 5, 18, 8:
summum quisque causae suae judicem facit,
Plin. 1, prooem. § 10: aestimatione nocturnae [p. 1828] quietis, dimidio quisque spatio vitae suae vivit, id. 7, 50, 51, § 167.—
(γ).
Poets adopt the order quisque suus when the metre requires it, Verg. A. 6, 743:
oscula quisque suae matri tulerunt,
Ov. F. 2, 715. —
(δ).
When suus and quisque belong to different clauses:
atque earum quaeque, suum tenens munus... manet in lege naturae,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 38. —
d.
Suus uterque, or uterque suus, distributively of two subjects:
suas uterque legiones reducit in castra,
Caes. B. C. 1, 40; 2, 28:
ideo quod uterque suam legem confirmare debebit,
Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 142:
cum sui utrosque adhortarentur,
Liv. 1, 25, 1:
ad utrumque ducem sui redierunt,
id. 21, 29, 5:
utraque (lex) sua via it,
Sen. Ben. 6, 6, 1; cf.
uterque, in apposit.: nec ipsi tam inter se acriter contenderunt, quam studia excitaverant uterque sui corporis hominum,
Liv. 26, 48, 6.—
3.
With sibi.
(α).
Sibi with pronom. force (cf. sui, IV. C. fin.):
reddam suum sibi,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 119 ( = ei; but referred to b, infra, by Brix ad loc.); cf.:
suam rem sibi salvam sistam,
id. Poen. 5, 2, 123:
idem lege sibi sua curationem petet,
for himself, Cic. Agr. 2, 9, 22 (cf. id. Phil. 2, 37, 96;
I. B. 2. b. supra): ut vindicare sibi suum fulgorem possint,
Sen. Q. N. 1, 1, 11; cf.
the formula of divorce: tuas res tibi habeto,
Dig. 24, 2, 2.—Hence, illam suam suas res sibi habere jussit, Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69.—
(β).
With sibi redundant, to strengthen suus (anteand post-class. and colloq.):
quo pacto serviat suo sibi patri,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 5:
eum necabam ilico per cerebrum pinna sua sibi, quasi turturem,
id. Poen. 2, 40; v. sui, IV. C. and the passages there cited.—
4.
With gen. agreeing with the subject of suus:
quas cum solus pertulisset ut sua unius in his gratia esset,
that the credit of it should belong to him alone, Liv. 2, 8, 3:
qui de sua unius sententia omnia gerat,
id. 44, 22, 11; cf.:
unam Aegyptus in hoc spem habet suam,
Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 2.—For suus ipsius, etc., v. D. 1. b. supra.—
5.
With demonstr., rel., or indef. pronn. and adjj., of his, hers, etc.:
postulat ut ad hanc suam praedam adjutores vos profiteamini,
to this booty of his, Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:
Sestius cum illo exercitu suo,
id. Sest. 5, 12:
qua gravitate sua,
id. ib. 61, 129:
suam rem publicam illam defenderunt,
that republic of theirs, id. ib. 67, 141:
in istum civem suum,
against this citizen of theirs, id. Balb. 18, 41:
cum illo suo pari,
id. Pis. 8, 18:
te nulla sua calamitate civitas satiare potest?
id. Phil. 8, 6, 19:
dubitatis igitur, quin vos M. Laterensis ad suam spem aliquam delegerit,
for some hope of his, id. Planc. 16, 39:
non tam sua ulla spe quam militum impetu tractus,
by any hope of his, Liv. 25, 21, 5:
nullo suo merito,
from no fault of theirs, id. 26, 29, 4:
ipse arcano cum paucis familiaribus suis colloquitur,
with a few of his friends, Caes. B. C. 1, 19.—
6.
With descriptive adjj.
(α).
Standing before the adj. and noun (so most freq.):
suorum improbissimorum sermonum domicilium,
Cic. Pis. 31, 76:
causam sui dementissimi consilii,
id. Phil. 2, 22, 53:
suam insatiabilem crudelitatem,
id. ib. 11, 3, 8:
suis amplissimis fortunis,
id. ib. 13, 8, 16:
suum pristinum morem,
id. Pis. 12, 27:
suis lenissimis postulatis,
Caes. B. C. 1, 5: simili ratione Pompeius in suis veteribus castris consedit (suis emphatic; cf. b, infra), id. ib. 3, 76.—
(β).
Between the adj. and noun (less emphatic):
pro eximiis suis beneficiis,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 4, 7:
propter summam suam humanitatem,
id. Fam. 15, 14, 1:
ex praeteritis suis officiis,
Caes. B. C. 3, 60:
Caesar in veteribus suis castris consedit,
id. ib. 3, 76.—
(γ).
After adj. and noun:
veterem amicum suum excepit,
Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43:
in illo ardenti tribunatu suo,
id. Sest. 54, 116.—
7.
Objectively for the pers. pron. (rare):
neque cuiquam mortalium injuriae suae parvae videntur ( = sibi illatae),
Sall. C. 51, 11; so,
neglectam ab Scipione et nimis leviter latam suam injuriam ratus,
Liv. 29, 9, 9:
ipsae enim leges te a cognitione sua judicio publico reppulerunt ( = a se cognoscendo),
Cic. Balb. 14, 32:
suam invidiam tali morte quaesitam ( = quaesitum esse ab eo ut homines se inviderent),
Tac. A. 3, 16; so,
nulla sua invidia,
Cic. Mil. 15, 40.—
8.
Abl. fem. sua, with refert or interest, for gen. of the pers. pron.: neminem esse qui quomodo se habeat nihil sua censeat interesse, Cic. Fin. 5, 10, 30:
si scit sua nihil interesse utrum anima per os, an per jugulum exeat,
Sen. Ep. 76, 33; v. intersum, III.—
9.
Strengthened by the suffix - pte or -met.
(α).
By - pte (not used with ipse) affixed to the forms sua, suo, and (ante-class.) suum:
quom illa osculata esset suumpte amicum,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 38:
ut terrena suopte nutu et suo pondere in terram ferantur,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:
ferri suopte pondere,
id. N. D. 1, 25, 69:
suapte natura,
id. Fat. 18, 42:
suapte vi et natura,
id. ib. 19, 43; id. Fin. 1, 16, 54; 5, 22, 61:
suopte ingenio,
Liv. 25, 18; so id. 1, 25, 1; 1, 18, 4:
suapte manu,
Cic. Or. 3, 3, 10:
locus suapte natura infestus,
Liv. 44, 6, 9; so,
suapte natura,
id. 4, 22, 4:
flumina suapte natura vasta,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 8; so id. Ben. 4, 17, 2:
sponte suapte,
Varr. L. L. 6, 7, § 70.—
(β).
With - met, almost always followed by ipse (in all forms of suus except suus, suum, suae, and suorum):
suomet ipsi more,
Sall. J. 31, 6:
suomet ipsi instrumento,
Liv. 22, 14, 13:
suomet ipsi metu,
Tac. H. 3, 16 fin.:
suamet ipsum pecunia,
Sall. J. 8, 2:
suamet ipsae fraude,
Liv. 8, 18, 9:
intra suamet ipsum moenia,
id. 6, 36, 4:
suismet ipsi praesidiis,
id. 8, 25, 6:
suismet ipsis corporibus,
id. 2, 19, 5:
suosmet ipsi cives,
id. 2, 9, 5:
suasmet ipse spes,
Tac. A. 3, 66 fin. —Without ipse:
populum suimet sanguinis mercede,
Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 41, 25 Dietsch:
magna pars suismet aut proxumorum telis obtruncabantur,
id. ib. 2, 52 ib.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > suus

11 eo

1.
ĕo, īvi or ii (īt, Verg. A. 9, 418 al.; cf.
Lachm. ad Lucr. vol. 2, p. 206 sq.: isse, issem, etc., for ivisse, etc.,
Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 25; Cic. Rosc. Am. 23, 64; id. Phil. 14, 1, 1; Ov. M. 7, 350 et saep.: isti, Turp. ap. Non. 4, 242:
istis,
Luc. 7, 834, etc., v. Neue Formenl. 2, 515), īre ( inf. pass. irier, Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 16), ĭtum, v. n. [root i-, Sanscr. ēmi, go; Gr. eimi; causat. hiêmi = jacio, Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 403], to go (of every kind of motion of animate or inanimate things), to walk, ride, sail, fly, move, pass, etc. (very freq. in all periods and sorts of writing).
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.:
eo ad forum,
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 95:
i domum,
id. ib. 5, 2, 71 sq.:
nos priores ibimus,
id. Poen. 3, 2, 34:
i in crucem,
go and be hanged! id. As. 5, 2, 91; cf.:
i in malam crucem,
id. Cas. 3, 5, 17; id. Ps. 3, 2, 57; 4, 7, 86:
i in malam rem hinc,
Ter. Ph. 5, 7, 37:
iens in Pompeianum,
Cic. Att. 4, 9 fin.:
subsidio suis ierunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 62, 8:
quom it dormitum,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 23; id Most. 3, 2, 4; 16; Hor. S. 1, 6, 119 et saep, cf.:
dormitum, lusum,
id. ib. 1, 5, 48:
cubitum,
Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 27; 5, 4, 8; id. Ps. 3, 2, 57; Cic. Rosc. Am. 23; id. Div. 2, 59, 122 et saep.— Poet. with the acc. of the terminus:
ibis Cecropios portus,
Ov. H. 10, 125 Loers.:
Sardoos recessus,
Sil. 12, 368; cf.:
hinc Afros,
Verg. E. 1, 65.—With a cognate acc.:
ire vias,
Prop. 1, 1, 17:
exsequias,
Ter. Ph. 5, 8, 37:
pompam funeris,
Ov. F. 6, 663 et saep.:
non explorantur eundae vitandaeque viae,
Claud. in Eutrop. 2, 419:
animae ad lumen iturae,
Verg. A. 6, 680:
ego ire in Piraeum volo,
Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 63; cf.:
visere ad aliquam,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 114; id. Phorm. 1, 2, 52:
videre,
Prop. 1, 1, 12:
ire pedibus,
on foot, Liv. 28, 17:
equis,
id. 1, 15:
curru,
id. 28, 9; Ov. H. 1, 46; cf.:
in equis,
id. A. A. 1, 214:
in raeda,
Mart. 3, 47:
super equos,
Just. 41, 3;
and with equis to be supplied,
Verg. A. 5, 554:
puppibus,
Ov. H. 19, 180; cf.:
cum classe Pisas,
Liv. 41, 17 et saep.:
concedere quo poterunt undae, cum pisces ire nequibunt?
Lucr. 1, 380.—
b.
Of things:
alvus non it,
Cato R. R. 157, 7; so,
sanguis naribus,
Lucr. 6, 1203:
Euphrates jam mollior undis,
Verg. A. 8, 726:
sudor per artus,
id. ib. 2, 174:
fucus in artus,
Lucr. 2, 683:
telum (with volare),
id. 1, 971:
trabes,
i. e. to give way, sink, id. 6, 564 et saep.:
in semen ire (asparagum),
to go to seed, Cato, R. R. 161, 3; so Plin. 18, 17, 45, § 159; cf.:
in corpus (juvenes),
Quint. 2, 10, 5:
sanguis it in sucos,
turns into, Ov. M. 10, 493.—
B.
In partic.
1.
To go or proceed against with hostile intent, to march against:
quos fugere credebant, infestis signis ad se ire viderunt,
Caes. B. G. 6, 8, 6:
ad hostem,
Liv. 42, 49:
contra hostem,
Caes. B. G. 7, 67, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 31 fin.:
adversus hostem,
Liv. 42, 49:
in hostem,
id. 2, 6; Verg. A. 9, 424 et saep.; cf.:
in Capitolium,
to go against, to attack, Liv. 3, 17.—
2.
Pregn., to pass away, disappear (very rare):
saepe hominem paulatim cernimus ire,
Lucr. 3, 526; cf. ib. 530; 594.
II.
Trop.
A.
In gen., to go, pass, proceed, move, advance:
ire in opus alienum,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 6:
in dubiam imperii servitiique aleam,
Liv. 1, 23 fin.:
in alteram causam praeceps ierat,
id. 2, 27:
in rixam,
Quint. 6, 4, 13:
in lacrimas,
Verg. A. 4, 413; Stat. Th. 11, 193:
in poenas,
Ov. M. 5, 668 et saep.:
ire per singula,
Quint. 6, 1, 12; cf. id. 4, 2, 32; 7, 1, 64; 10, 5, 21:
ad quem (modum) non per gradus itur,
id. 8, 4, 7 et saep.:
dicite qua sit eundum,
Ov. Tr. 3, 1, 19:
ire infitias, v. infitiae: Latina debent cito pariter ire,
Quint. 1, 1, 14:
aliae contradictiones eunt interim longius,
id. 5, 13, 54: in eosdem semper pedes ire (compositio), [p. 649] id. 9, 4, 142:
cum per omnes et personas et affectus eat (comoedia),
id. 1, 8, 7; cf. id. 1, 2, 13; Juv. 1, 142:
Phrygiae per oppida facti Rumor it,
Ov. M. 6, 146:
it clamor caelo,
Verg. A. 5, 451:
factoque in secula ituro, Laetantur tribuisse locum,
to go down to posterity, Sil. 12, 312; cf.
with a subject-sentence: ibit in saecula, fuisse principem, cui, etc.,
Plin. Pan. 55.—
B.
In partic.
1.
Pub. law t. t.
a.
Pedibus ire, or simply ire in aliquam sententiam, in voting, to go over or accede to any opinion (opp. discedere, v. h. v. II. B. 2. b.):
cum omnes in sententiam ejus pedibus irent,
Liv. 9, 8, 13:
pars major eorum qui aderant in eandem sententiam ibat,
id. 1, 32 fin.; 34, 43; 42, 3 fin.—Pass. impers.:
in quam sententiam cum pedibus iretur,
Liv. 5, 9, 2:
ibatur in eam sententiam,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1 fin.:
itum in sententiam,
Tac. A. 3, 23; 12, 48.—And opp. to the above,
b.
Ire in alia omnia, to vote against a bill, v. alius, II.—
2.
Mercant. t. t. for vēneo, to go for, be sold at a certain price, Plin. 18, 23, 53, § 194:
tot Pontus eat, tot Lydia nummis,
Claud. Eutr. 1, 203.—
3.
Pregn., of time, to pass by, pass away:
it dies,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 12; Hor. C. 2, 14, 5; 4, 5, 7:
anni,
id. Ep. 2, 2, 55; cf.:
anni more fluentis aquae,
Ov. A. A. 3, 62.—
4.
With the accessory notion of result, to go, proceed, turn out, happen:
incipit res melius ire quam putaram,
Cic. Att. 14, 15; cf. Tac. A. 12, 68:
prorsus ibat res,
Cic. Att. 14, 20 fin.; Curt. 8, 5:
postquam omnia fatis Caesaris ire videt,
Luc. 4, 144.—Hence the wish: sic eat, so may he fare:
sic eat quaecunque Romana lugebit hostem,
Liv. 1, 26; Luc. 5, 297 Cort.; 2, 304; Claud. in Eutr. 2, 155. —
5.
Constr. with a supine, like the Gr. mellein, to go or set about, to prepare, to wish, to be about to do any thing:
si opulentus it petitum pauperioris gratiam, etc.,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 69; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 36: quod uti prohibitum irem, quod in me esset, meo labori non parsi, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. PARSI, p. 242 Müll.; so,
perditum gentem universam,
Liv. 32, 22:
ultum injurias, scelera,
id. 2, 6; Quint. 11, 1, 42:
servitum Grais matribus,
Verg. A. 2, 786 et saep.:
bonorum praemia ereptum eunt,
Sall. J. 85, 42.—Hence the construction of the inf. pass. iri with the supine, in place of an inf. fut. pass.:
mihi omne argentum redditum iri,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 5:
mihi istaec videtur praeda praedatum irier,
id. Rud. 4, 7, 16 et saep.— Poet. also with inf.:
seu pontum carpere remis Ibis,
Prop. 1, 6, 34:
attollere facta regum,
Stat. S. 5, 3, 11:
fateri,
id. Th. 3, 61 al. —
6.
Imp. i, eas, eat, etc., since the Aug. period more freq. a mocking or indignant expression, go then, go now:
i nunc et cupidi nomen amantis habe,
Ov. H. 3, 26; so,
i nunc,
id. ib. 4, 127; 9, 105; 17, 57; id. Am. 1, 7, 35; Prop. 2, 29, 22 (3, 27, 22 M.); Verg. A. 7, 425; Juv. 6, 306 al.:
i, sequere Italiam ventis,
Verg. A. 4, 381; so,
i,
id. ib. 9, 634:
fremunt omnibus locis: Irent, crearent consules ex plebe,
Liv. 7, 6 fin.
2.
ĕō, adv. [old dat. and abl. form of pron. stem i; cf. is].
I.
In locat. and abl. uses,
A.
Of place=in eo loco, there, in that place (rare):
quid (facturus est) cum tu eo quinque legiones haberes?
Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 2, 1:
quo loco... ibi... eoque,
Cels. 8, 9, 1:
eo loci,
Tac. A. 15, 74; Plin. 11, 37, 50, § 136; so trop.: eo loci, in that condition:
res erat eo jam loci, ut, etc.,
Cic. Sest. 13, 68; Tac. A. 14, 61; Dig. 5, 1, 52, § 3.—
B.
Of cause=eā re.
1.
Referring to a cause or reason before given, therefore, on that account, for that reason:
is nunc dicitur venturus peregre: eo nunc commenta est dolum,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 66; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 41:
dederam litteras ad te: eo nunc ero brevior,
Cic. Fam. 6, 20, 1; Sall. C. 21, 3; Liv. 8, 8, 8; Tac. H. 2, 65; Nep. Pelop. 1, 3; id. Milt. 2, 3 et saep.—So with conjunctions, eoque, et eo, eo quoque, in adding any thing as a consequence of what precedes, and for that reason:
absolute pares, et eo quoque innumerabiles,
Cic. Ac. 2, 17, 55:
impeditius eoque hostibus incautum,
Tac. A. 1, 50:
per gentes integras et eo feroces,
Vell. 2, 115, 2; Quint. 4, 1, 42 al. —
2.
Referring to a foll. clause, giving
(α).
a cause or reason, with quia, quoniam, quod, etc.; so with quia:
eo fit, quia mihi plurimum credo,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 124; id. Capt. 1, 1, 2:
nunc eo videtur foedus, quia, etc.,
Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 17; 3, 1, 25:
quia scripseras, eo te censebam, etc.,
Cic. Att. 10, 17, 4; Sall. C. 20, 3; Tac. Agr. 22.—With quoniam:
haec eo notavi, quoniam, etc.,
Gell. 7, 13.—With quod:
quod... non potueritis, eo vobis potestas erepta sit,
Cic. Verr. 1, 8, 22; Nep. Eum. 11, 5; Liv. 9, 2, 4; Caes. B. G. 1, 23; so,
neque eo... quod,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 43; Varr. R. R. 1, 5.—
(β).
A purpose, motive or reason, with quo, ut, ne; and after negatives, with quo, quin, and subj. —So with quo:
eo scripsi, quo plus auctoritatis haberem,
Cic. Att. 8, 9, 1; Sall. C. 22, 2; so,
non eo... quo,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 16:
neque eo... quo,
Cic. Att. 3, 15, 4; id. Rosc. Am. 18, 51.—With ut:
haec eo scripsi, ut intellegeres,
Cic. Fam. 13, 69, 2; id. de Or. 3, 49, 187; Lact. 4, 5, 9.—With ne: Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 63; Ter. Ph. 5, 1, 17:
quod ego non eo vereor, ne mihi noceat,
Cic. Att. 9, 2; id. Rab. Perd. 3, 9.—With quin:
non eo haec dico, quin quae tu vis ego velim,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 60; id. As. 5, 1, 16. —
C.
Of measure or degree—with words of comparison, so much, by so much —followed by quo (= tanto... quanto):
quae eo fructuosiores fiunt, quo calidior terra aratur,
Varr. R. R. 1, 32, 1:
eo gravior est dolor, quo culpa major,
Cic. Att. 11, 11, 2; id. Fam. 2, 19, 1; so with quantum:
quantum juniores patrum plebi se magis insinuabant, eo acrius contra tribuni tendebant, etc.,
Liv. 3, 15, 2; id. 44, 7, 6:
quanto longius abscederent, eo, etc.,
id. 30, 30, 23. —Esp. freq. the formulae, eo magis, eo minus, so much the worse ( the less), followed by quo, quod, quoniam, si, ut, ne:
eo magis, quo tanta penuria est in omni honoris gradu,
Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 7:
eo minus veritus navibus, quod in littore molli, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 9; Cic. Off. 3, 22, 88; id. Att. 15, 9 fin.:
eo magis, quoniam, etc., Cels. praef. p. 14, 12 Müll.: nihil admirabilius fieri potest, eoque magis, si ea sunt in adulescente,
Cic. Off. 2, 14, 48; id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94:
eo diligentius ut ne parvula quidem titubatione impediremur,
Auct. Her. 2, 8, 12; Cic. Rab. Perd. 3, 9:
ego illa extuli et eo quidem magis, ne quid ille superiorum meminisse me putaret,
id. Att. 9, 13, 3.—
In this combination eo often expresses also the idea of cause (cf. B. 1. supra): hoc probis pretiumst. Eo mihi magis lubet cum probis potius quam cum improbis vivere,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 37: solliciti tamen et anxii sunt;
eoque magis, quod se ipsi continent et coercent,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 33, 70;
and some passages may be classed under either head: dederam triduo ante litteras ad te. Eo nunc ero brevior,
Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1; id. Inv 1, 4, 5; id. Off. 2, 13, 45; id. Fam. 9, 16, 9; Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 8.
II.
In dat. uses.
A.
With the idea of motion, to that place, thither (=in eum locum):
eo se recipere coeperunt,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25, 5:
uti eo cum introeas, circumspicias, uti inde exire possit,
Cato, R. R. 1, 2:
eo tela conicere, Auct. B. Afr. 72: eo respicere,
Sall. J. 35, 10; so,
followed by quo, ubi, unde: non potuit melius pervenirier eo, quo nos volumus,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 35:
venio nunc eo, quo me fides ducit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 83:
ibit eo quo vis, etc.,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 40:
(venit) eo, ubi non modo res erat, etc.,
Cic. Quint. 11; Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 21; Vell. 2, 108, 2:
eo, unde discedere non oportuit, revertamur,
Cic. Att. 2, 16, 3; Liv. 6, 35, 2; Sall. C. 60, 2;
so (late Lat.) with loci: perducendum eo loci, ubi actum sit,
Dig. 10, 4, 11, § 1; ib. 47, 2, 3, § 2.—
B.
Transf.
1.
With the idea of addition, thereto, in addition to that, besides:
accessit eo, ut milites ejus, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 4:
accedit eo, quod, etc.,
id. Att. 1, 13, 1.—
2.
With the idea of tendency, to that end, with that purpose, to this result:
hoc autem eo spectabat, ut eam a Philippo corruptam diceret,
Cic. Div. 2, 57, 118:
haec eo pertinet oratio, ut ipsa virtus se sustentare posse videretur,
id. Fam. 6, 1, 12:
hoc eo valebat, ut, etc.,
Nep. Them. 4, 4.—
3.
With the idea of degree or extent, to that degree or extent, so far, to such a point:
eo scientiae progredi,
Quint. 2, 1, 6:
postquam res publica eo magnificentiae venerit, gliscere singulos,
Tac. A. 2, 33; id. H. 1, 16; id. Agr. 28:
eo magnitudinis procedere,
Sall. J. 1, 5; 5, 2; 14, 3:
ubi jam eo consuetudinis adducta res est, ut, etc.,
Liv. 25, 8, 11; 28, 27, 12; 32, 18, 8 al.; Just. 3, 5:
eo insolentiae processit,
Plin. Pan. 16:
eo rerum ventum erat, ut, etc.,
Curt. 5, 12, 3; 7, 1, 35.— With gen., Val. Max. 3, 7, 1 al.; Flor. 1, 24, 2; 2, 18, 12; Suet. Caes. 77; Plin. Pan. 16, 5; Sen. Q. N. 4 praef. §
9: eo rem jam adducam, ut nihil divinationis opus sit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 96:
res eo est deducta, ut, etc.,
id. Att. 2, 18, 2; Hor. C. 2, 1, 226; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 18.—
C.
Of time, up to the time, until, so long, usually with usque, and followed by dum, donec:
usque eo premere capita, dum illae captum amitterent,
Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 124; Liv. 23, 19, 14; Tac. A. 4, 18:
eo usque flagitatus est, donec ad exitium dederetur,
id. ib. 1, 32; Quint. 11, 3, 53:
eo usque vivere, donec, etc.,
Liv. 40, 8; cf. Col. 4, 24, 20; 4, 30, 4.—Rarely by quamdiu:
eo usque, quamdiu ad fines barbaricos veniretur,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 45.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > eo

12 decerno

dē-cerno, crēvi, crētum, 3 (the syncop. forms decreram, etc., decrerim, etc., decresse are freq. in Cicero and Liv., also Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 25; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 73; 2, 1, 15, but not in Caes., where is only decreverat, B. G. 4, 17; 5, 5 fin.; 5, 53, 2), v. a. and n.
I.
(acc. to cerno, no. II. 3.) To decide, determine any thing disputed or doubtful. For syn. cf.: scisco, jubeo, statuo, constituo, dico, sancio, consilium capio, destino, obstino, definio, determino.
A.
Prop., of a judge, magistrate, etc., to pronounce a decision respecting something; to decide, judge, determine, decree; to vote for any thing (very freq. and class.).—Const. with acc., with acc. et inf., a relat. clause, with de, or absol.:
alias (Verres praetor) revocabat eos, inter quos jam decreverat decretumque mutabat, alias, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46:
si quod est admissum facinus, si caedes facta, idem (Druides) decernunt,
Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 5:
consules de consilii sententia decreverunt secundum Buthrotios,
Cic. Att. 16, 16, C, § 11: decernere vindicias secundum servitutem, in favor of slavery, i. e. restore the slave to his master, Liv. 3, 47, 5; cf. Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 4:
cum senatus triumphum Africano decerneret,
id. Fin. 4, 9, 22; cf.
of a single senator: non decrevi solum, sed etiam ut vos decerneretis laboravi,
id. Prov. Cons. 11, 28;
so supplicationem decernere,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 11;
so also: Crassus tres legatos decernit,
id. ib. 1, 1, 3:
D. Junius silanus supplicium sumendum decreverat,
Sall. C. 50, 4:
quando id bellum senatus decrevisset, quando id bellum populus R. jussisset?
Liv. 41, 7; 42, 36; id. 5, 36; id. 26, 2:
id quod senatus me auctore decrevit,
Cic. Phil. 6, 1, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 2, 2:
qui ordo decrevit invitus,
on compulsion, Cic. Phil. 1, 6, 13:
Ligures ambobus consulibus decernuntur,
id. Liv. 42, 10; cf.:
provinciam desponsam non decretam habere,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 15 (v. the whole passage in connection):
provinciae privatis decernuntur,
Caes. B. C. 1, 6, 4 et saep.:
ex annuo sumptu, qui mihi decretus esset,
Cic. Att. 7, 1, 6 et saep.:
mea virtute atque diligentia perditorum hominum patefactam esse conjurationem decrevistis,
id. Cat. 4, 3: cum pontifices decressent ita;
SI, etc.,
id. Att. 4, 2, 3:
senatus decrevit populusque jussit, ut, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 67: in jure dicundo, ita decrevit, ut, etc., Suet. Galb. 7; cf.
of individuals: Hortensii et mea et Luculli sententia... tibi decernit, ut regem reducas, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3.— Impers.:
in parricidas rei publicae decretum esse,
Sall. Cat. 51, 25.—Esp. of the emperor, to determine the law by deciding a case:
quodcumque imperator cognoscens decrevit, legem esse constat,
Dig. 1, 4, 1, § 1; Just. Inst. 1, 2, 6.
2.
Transf., beyond the judicial sphere, to decide, determine, judge: qui nequeas nostrorum uter sit Amphitruo decernere, Plaut. fragm. ap. Non. 285, 26:
rem dubiam decrevit vox opportune emissa,
Liv. 5, 55; cf.:
primus clamor atque impetus rem decrevit,
id. 25, 41; Plin. 17, 27, 46, § 258:
de his Catonis praecepta decernent,
id. 17, 22, 35, § 190:
duo talenta pro re nostra ego esse decrevi satis,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 67; id. Hec. 4, 1, 27:
quam decrerim me non posse diutius habere,
id. ib. 1, 2, 73:
in quo omnia mea posita esse decrevi,
Cic. Fam. 2, 6, 3; id. Att. 3, 15, 7:
illum decrerunt dignum, suos cui liberos committerent,
Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15:
in ejus controversiis quid decernas, non a te peto,
Cic. Fam. 13, 59: aliquem decernere hostem, to proclaim one an enemy by a formal decree, id. Phil. 11, 7, 16.— Absol.:
nequeo satis decernere,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 5.
B.
Milit., to decide by combat; hence (like cernere and certare), in gen., to fight, combat, contend:
castra castris conferamus, et Samnis Romanusne imperio Italiam regant, decernamus,
Liv. 8, 23, 9; id. 1, 23, 9:
in ipso illo gladiatorio vitae certamine, quod ferro decernitur,
Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 317:
proelium,
id. Fam. 10, 10:
pugnam,
Liv. 28, 14; cf. id. ib. 33: de bello decernere, Auct. B. Hisp. 5 fin. Oud. N. cr.:
ne armis decernatur,
Cic. Att. 7, 3, 5; cf.:
ferro ancipiti decernunt,
Verg. A. 7, 525:
and armis, ferro,
id. ib. 11, 218; 12, 282; 695 (cf. et cernere ferro, id. ib. 709):
cursibus et crudo caestu,
id. G. 3, 20:
cornibus inter se,
id. ib. 218:
lapidibus et subselliorum fragminibus,
Suet. Ner. 26 et saep.:
contra magnam vim hostium, artificio magis quam viribus, Auct. B. Afr. 14: acie,
Liv. 2, 14; Nep. Milt. 4, 4:
proelio cum proditore,
Just. 13, 8, 4:
classe decreturi,
Nep. Hann. 10, 4:
integriore exercitu,
id. Eum. 9 fin.—Absol.:
decernendi potestatem Pompeio fecit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 41; cf. Liv. 21, 41.
2.
Transf., beyond the milit. sphere:
decernite criminibus, mox ferro decreturi,
Liv. 40, 8 fin. —So of a judicial contest:
uno judicio de fortunis omnibus decernit,
Cic. Quint. 2, 6; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 29;
and qui judicio decernent,
id. 12, 7, 5:
de salute reipublicae,
Cic. Att. 8, 5, 2:
pro mea omni fama fortunisque,
id. de Or. 2, 49:
utinam meo solum capite decernerem,
id. Att. 10, 9; Caes. B. C. 1, 35, 3.
II.
With reference to one's own acts, to decide, determine on doing something; to determine, resolve on something (freq. in all periods and styles).—Constr., with inf. and with acc. and inf.:
si tu fluctus e gurgite tollere decreris, Lucil. ap. Rufin. § 26 (p. 238 ed. Frotsch.): quicquid peperisset decreverunt tollere,
Ter. Andr. 1, 3, 14:
Caesar his de causis Rhenum transire decreverat,
Caes. B. G. 4, 17 et saep.:
eos me decretum est persequi mores patris,
Plaut. Asin. 1, 1, 58; id. Stich. 1, 3, 65; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 56; cf.:
certum atque decretum est non dare signum,
Liv. 2, 45:
reliquam aetatem a republica procul habendam decrevi,
Sall. C. 4. With ut and subjunct.:
hic decernit ut miser sit,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 27, 65.—With accus.:
quicquam decernere,
id. ib. —Hence, dē-crētum, i, n.
A.
(Acc. to no. I. A.) A decree, decision, ordinance of any political or judicial body (for syn. cf.:
scitum, edictum, consilium, jus): senatus Caelium ab rep. removendum censuit. Hoc decreto eum consul senatu prohibuit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 21, 3:
si qui eorum (sc. Druidum) decreto non stetit, sacrificiis interdicunt,
id. B. G. 6, 13, 5; cf. id. ib. §
10: vestra responsa atque decreta evertuntur saepe dicendo,
Cic. Mur. 13 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 2, 48:
decurionum,
id. Rosc. Am. 9, 25 et saep.:
Caesaris,
Vulg. Act. 17, 7.—Esp. leg. t. t., a decision of the emperor as judge, a precedent (cf. rescriptum), Gai. 1, 5; Just. Inst. 2, 15, 4.—
B.
Transf., in philos. lang. as a translation of the Gr. dogma, principle, doctrine, precept, Cic. Ac. 2, 9, 27; id. ib. § 29; cf. Sen. Ep. 94, 2 sq. and 95, 9 sq. (quis philoso, phorum) decretis suis paret? Lact. 3, 15, 3.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > decerno

13 salle

salle [sal]

1. feminine noun

   a. [de café, musée] room ; [de château] hall ; [de restaurant] dining room ; [d'hôpital] ward

• en salle [record, athlétisme, football] indoor

   b. ( = auditorium) auditorium ; ( = cinéma) cinema (Brit), movie theater (US) ; ( = public) audience

• faire salle comble [comédien, spectacle] to play to a full house

• cinéma à plusieurs salles cinema with several screens

• le film sort en salle or dans les salles mercredi prochain the film will be on general release next Wednesday

2. compounds

► salle d'attente waiting room

► salle d'audience courtroom

► salle de bain, salle de bains bathroom

► salle de bal ballroom

► salle de cinéma cinema (Brit), movie theater (US)

► salle de classe classroom

► salle des coffres strongroom

► salle de concert concert hall

► salle de conférences lecture room ; (grande) lecture theatre

► salle de cours classroom

► salle d'eau shower-room

► salle d'embarquement departure lounge

► salle d'étude, salle d'études prep room

► salle d'exposition showroom

► salle des fêtes village hall

► salle de jeu (pour enfants) playroom ; [de casino] gaming room

► salle de lecture reading room

► salle à manger ( = pièce) dining room ; ( = meubles) dining-room suite

► salle d'opération operating theatre (Brit) or room (US)

► salle de permanence prep room

► salle des professeurs staffroom

► salle de projection film theatre

► salle de rédaction newspaper office

► salle de réunion meeting room

► salle de séjour living room

► salle de spectacle ( = cinéma) cinema (Brit), movie theater (US) ; ( = théâtre) theatre (Brit), theater (US)

► salle de sport gym

► salle des ventes saleroom

* * *
sal
nom féminin

1) ( pièce) gén room; (de château, palais) hall; ( de restaurant) (dining) room; (de cinéma, théâtre) auditorium; ( de grotte) chamber

cinéma à cinq salles — cinema with five screens

faire salle comble — [spectacle] to be packed; [acteur] to fill the house

en salle — [sport] indoor

2) ( spectateurs) audience; ( entrepôt) armory

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- salle d'attente

- salle d'audience

- salle de bains

- salle de cinéma

- salle de classe

- salle commune

- salle de concert

- salle de conférences

- salle d'eau

- salle d'embarquement

- salle d'études

- salle des fêtes

- salle de garde

- salle de jeu

- salle des machines

- salle à manger

- salle omnisports

- salle d'opération

- salle des pas perdus

- salle polyvalente

- salle de séjour

- salle des ventes

- salles obscures

* * *
sal
1. nf

1) (grande pièce) room

salle de restaurant — dining room

la salle des jeux (dans un casino) — the games room

2) [hôpital] ward

3) (= public) audience

Toute la salle l'a applaudi. — The whole audience applauded him.

2. salles nfpl

(salles de cinémas) cinemas Grande-Bretagne movie theaters USA American cinemas, American movie theaters

dans les salles — in cinemas, in movie theaters

prochainement dans les salles — coming soon to cinemas, coming soon to movie theaters

les salles obscures — cinemas Grande-Bretagne movie theaters USA

* * *

salle nf

1 ( pièce) (de château, palais) hall; (de musée, bibliothèque, café) room; ( de restaurant) (dining) room; (de cinéma, théâtre) auditorium; ( de grotte) chamber; ( d'hôpital) ward; cinéma à cinq salles cinema with five screens; le film passe en salle 2 the film is on screen 2; prochainement dans vos salles Cin coming soon to a cinema near you; la salle était comble the place was packed; faire salle comble [spectacle] to be packed; [acteur] to fill the house; y a-t-il un médecin dans la salle? is there a doctor in the house?; ‘salle au sous-sol’ ( dans restaurant) ‘more seats downstairs’; en salle [sport] indoor; ‘prix en salle’ ( dans café) tariff for drinks served at the tables in a café;

2 ( spectateurs) audience.

Composés

salle d'armes ( pour exercice) drill hall GB, armory US; ( pour entrepôt) armory; salle d'arrêt(s) Mil guardroom; salle d'attente waiting room; salle d'audience Jur courtroom; salle audiovisuelle audiovisual room; salle de bains bathroom; salle de bal ballroom; salle de billard billiard room; salle blanche Ind clean room; salle capitulaire chapter room; salle de casino gaming room; salle de cinéma cinema GB, movie theater US; salle de classe classroom; salle de commandes control room; salle communale village hall; salle commune ( à l'hôpital) ward; salle de concert concert hall; salle de conférences ( petite pièce) lecture room; ( avec gradins) lecture theatre^GB, auditorium; salle de congrès conference hall; salle de contrôle control room; salle des délibérations committee room; salle d'eau shower room; salle d'embarquement Aviat departure lounge; salle d'études Scol private study room GB, study hall US; salle d'exposition ( petite pièce) exhibition room; ( grande pièce) exhibition hall; Comm showroom; salle des fêtes ( de village) village hall; ( en ville) community centre^GB; salle de garde ( d'hôpital) staff room; salle des gardes ( de château) guardroom; salle de gymnastique gymnasium; salle d'honneur Mil trophy room; salle informatique computer room; salle de jeu(x) ( de casino) gaming room; ( pour enfants) playroom; salle de lecture reading room; salle de loisirs recreation room; salle des machines Naut engine room; salle à manger ( pièce) dining room; ( mobilier) dining-room suite; salle des marchés Fin ( de banque) dealing room; ( de Bourse) floor; salle modulable multi-purpose room; salle de montage Cin cutting room; salle municipale town hall; salle omnisports sports hall; salle d'opération Méd operating theatre GB, operating room US; salle d'opérations Mil operations room; salle des pas perdus waiting hall; salle de police Mil guardroom; salle polyvalente multi-purpose hall; salle de presse press room; salle des professeurs staff room; salle de projection projection room; salle de quartier local cinema GB, local movie theater US; salle de réanimation intensive care ward; salle de rédaction Presse (newspaper) office; salle de régie Cin, Théât control room; salle de réunion meeting room; salle de réveil Méd recovery room; salle de séjour living room; salle de soins Méd treatment room; salle de spectacle Cin cinema GB, movie theater US; Théât theatre^GB; salle de théâtre theatre^GB; salle du trône throne room; salle des ventes auction room; salles obscures cinemas GB, movie theaters US.

[sal] nom féminin

1. [dans une habitation privée] room

salle de bains

a. [lieu] bathroom

b. [mobilier] bathroom suite

salle d'eau shower room

salle de jeu

a. [d'une maison] playroom (UK), rumpus room (US)

b. [d'un casino] gaming room

salle à manger

a. [lieu] dining room

b. [mobilier] dining room suite

salle de séjour living room

2. [dans un édifice public] hall, room

[dans un café] room

[dans un musée] room, gallery

salle d'armes

a. MILITAIRE arms room

b. ESCRIME fencing hall

salle d'attente waiting room

salle d'audience courtroom

salle de bal ballroom

salle des banquets banqueting hall

salle de classe classroom

salle des coffres strongroom

salle de concert concert hall, auditorium

salle de conférences

a. UNIVERSITÉ lecture theatre (UK) ou hall (US)

b. [pour colloques] conference room

salle d'embarquement departure lounge

salle d'études prep room (UK), study hall (US)

salle des fêtes village hall

salle de garde (hospital) staffroom

salle d'hôpital, salle commune (vieilli) hospital ward

salle d'opération

a. [à l'hôpital] operating theatre (UK) ou room (US)

b. MILITAIRE operations room

salle paroissiale church hall

salle des pas perdus

a. RAIL (station) concourse

b. [au tribunal] waiting room ou hall

salle des professeurs

a. ÉDUCATION (school) staffroom

b. UNIVERSITÉ senior common room (UK), professors' lounge (US)

salle de projection projection room

salle de réanimation resuscitation unit

salle de rédaction [d'un journal] newsroom

salle de restaurant (restaurant) dining room

salle de réception

a. [dans un hôtel] function room

b. [dans un palais] stateroom

salle de réunion assembly room

salle de spectacle auditorium

salle de travail labour ward

salle du trône stateroom, throne room

salle des tortures torture chamber

salle des ventes auction room (UK), auction gallery (US)

3. CINÉMA & THÉÂTRE [lieu] theatre, auditorium

[spectateurs] audience

faire salle comble to pack the house

le cinéma a cinq salles it's a five-screen cinema (UK) ou movie theater (US)

sa dernière production sort en salle en septembre her latest production will be released ou out in September

dans les salles d'art et d'essai ou les petites salles in art cinemas (UK) ou movie theaters (US)

dans les salles obscures in the cinemas (UK) ou movie theaters (US)

4. SPORT

athlétisme en salle indoor athletics

jouer en salle to play indoors

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > salle

14 primo

['primo] primo (-a)
1. agg

1) (gen) first, (impressione) first, initial, (infanzia) early, (Mat : numero) prime

le prime 20 pagine — the first 20 pages

dalla prima all'ultima pagina — from beginning to end

in prima pagina Stampa; i suoi primi quadri — his early paintings

questo quadro è un Michelangelo prima maniera — this is an early Michelangelo

questo film è di Fellini prima maniera — this film is in Fellini's early style

di prima mattina — early in the morning

le prime ore del mattino — the early hours of the morning

posare la prima pietra — to lay the foundation stone

ai primi freddi — at the first sign of cold weather

ustioni di primo grado — first-degree burns

2) (in un ordine) first

preferisco il primo pittore al secondo — I prefer the former painter to the latter

essere primo in classifica — (squadra) to be top of the league, (disco) to be number one in the charts

essere in prima posizione — to be in the lead

sul primo scaffale in alto/in basso — on the top/bottom shelf

prima classe — first class

un biglietto di prima classe — a first class ticket

viaggiare in prima classe — to travel first-class

di prim'ordine o prima qualità — first-class, first-rate

è un attore di prim'ordine — he is a first-rate actor

3) (prossimo) first, next

prendi la prima (strada) a destra — take the first o next (street) on the right

scendo alla prima fermata — I am getting off at the next stop

4) (principale) main, principal

il primo attore — the leading man

la causa prima — the main reason

5)

(fraseologia) per prima cosa — firstly

in primo luogo — in the first place, first of all

in un primo tempo o momento — at first

fin dal primo momento — from the very first

amore a prima vista — love at first sight

fare i primi passi — to take one's first steps

fare il primo passo fig — to make the first move

2. sm/f

first (one)

è stata la prima a farlo — she was the first to do it

fu tra i primi ad arrivare — he was among the first to arrive

è la prima della classe — she is the top of the class

non sposerò il primo venuto — I won't marry just anyone

3. sm

(gen) first, (piano) first floor Brit, second floor Am, Culin first course

il primo luglio — the first of July

il primo d'Aprile — April Fools' Day

il primo dell'anno — New Year's Day

i primi del Novecento — the early twentieth century

ai primi del mese — at the beginning of the month

ai primi di maggio — at the beginning of May

Nuovo dizionario Italiano-Inglese > primo

15 adspicio

a-spĭcĭo ( adsp-, Jan; asp-, others except Halm, who uses both), spexi, spectum, 3, v. a. (aspexit = aspexerit, Plaut. As. 4, 1, 25), to look to or upon a person or thing, to behold, look at, see.
I.
Lit., constr. in the ante - class. per. sometimes with ad; but afterwards with the acc., with a finite clause, or absol.; in eccl. Lat., with in with acc., and super with acc.
(α).
With ad:
aspice ad me,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 38:
aspicient ad me,
Vulg. Zach. 12, 10:
aspicere ad terram,
Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 25:
ad caelum,
Vulg. 2 Macc. 7, 28:
Aspice nunc ad sinisteram,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 38 (Ritschl, spice):
ad Scrofam,
Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. the epitaph of Pacuvius: Adulescens, tametsi properas, te hoc saxum rogat, Ut se[se] aspicias, etc., ap. Gell. 1, 24 fin. —(b With acc.: Aspice hoc sublimen candens, Enn. ap. Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 65: templum Cereris, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 2, 82: me, Pac. ap. Non. p. 470, 20: aspicite (me) religatum asperis Vinctumque saxis, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Plaut. As. 4, 1, 25:
me huc aspice,
id. Am. 2, 2, 118:
faciem alicujus,
id. Ps. 1, 2, 9.—In Plaut. twice with contra: aspiciam aliquem [p. 176] contra oculis, Cas. 5, 3, 2: Th. Aspicedum contra me. Tr. Aspexi. Th. Vides? Tr. Video, Most. 5, 1, 56; so,
non audebat aspicere contra Deum,
Vulg. Exod. 3, 6:
formam alicujus aspicere,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 25:
tergum alicujus,
Vulg. Exod. 33, 8:
aspicite ipsum: contuemini os, etc.,
Cic. Sull. 27:
me,
Vulg. Job, 7, 8:
sic obstupuerant, sic terram intuebantur, sic furtim non numquam inter se aspiciebant, etc.,
Cic. Cat. 3, 5, 13; so Vulg. Jer. 4, 23:
aspicis me iratus,
Cic. Phil. 2, 30 fin.:
hominis omnino aspiciendi potestatem eripere,
id. Lael. 23, 87:
ut nemo eorum forum aut publicum aspicere vellet,
Liv. 9, 7, 11:
aliquid rectis oculis,
Suet. Aug. 16:
Aspicit hanc torvis (oculis),
Ov. M. 6, 34:
aspiciunt oculis Superi mortalia justis,
id. ib. 13, 70:
aliquid oculis aequis,
Verg. A. 4, 372:
aspice vultus Ecce meos,
Ov. M. 2, 92 al.:
horrendae aspectu,
Hor. S. 1, 8, 26:
aspice nos hoc tantum,
look on us thus much only, Verg. A. 2, 690 Wagner: Aspice Felicem sibi non tibi, Romule, Sullam, poët. ap. Suet. Tib. 59.—In pass. (rare):
unde aliqua pars aspici potest,
Cic. Mil. 3:
pulvis procul et arma adspiciebantur,
Tac. H. 2, 68; id. G. 13:
super triginta milia armatorum aspiciebantur,
id. Agr. 29; 40; id. A. 3, 45; 11, 14:
Septentrionem ibi adnotatum primā tantum parte noctis adspici,
Plin. 2, 73, 75, § 185:
quasi eum aspici nefas esset,
Cic. Verr. 5, 67; 5, 187; id. Har. Resp. 8:
adspici humana exta nefas habetur,
Plin. 28, 1, 2, § 5.—
(γ).
Absol.:
Vide amabo, si non, quom aspicias, os inpudens videtur,
Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 22:
postquam aspexi, ilico Cognovi,
id. Heaut. 4, 1, 43.—
(δ).
With in with acc.:
in terram aspicere,
Vulg. Psa. 101, 20; ib. Isa. 5, 30:
in caelum,
ib. Matt. 14, 9.—
(ε).
With super with acc.:
super castra aspicere,
Vulg. Judith, 9, 7 al. —
B.
Transf.
1.
a.. Of things in space, to look toward, lie toward:
tabulatum aspiciat meridiem,
Col. 8, 8, 2:
cryptoporticus non aspicere vineas, sed tangere videtur,
Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 29:
ea pars Britanniae, quae Hiberniam aspicit,
Tac. Agr. 24:
terra umidior quā Gallias, ventosior quā Noricum aspicit,
id. G. 5.—
b.
Of persons:
nobilissimi totius Britanniae eoque in ipsis penetralibus siti nec servientium litora aspicientes,
Tac. Agr. 30.—
2.
With the access. idea of purpose (cf.: adeo, aggredior, etc.), to look upon something in order to consider or examine it; and in gen. to consider, survey, inspect (freq. in Liv.):
hujus ut aspicerent opus admirabile,
Ov. M. 6, 14:
Boeotiam atque Euboeam aspicere jussi,
Liv. 42, 37:
in Boeotiā aspiciendae res,
id. 42, 67 fin.:
Ap. Claudium legatum ad eas res aspiciendas componendasque senatus misit,
id. 42, 5; 26, 51; 32, 5 al.—
II.
Trop.
A.
In gen.: sic in oratione Crassi divitias atque ornamenta ejus ingenii per quaedam involucra perspexi;
sed ea cum contemplari cuperem, vix aspiciendi potestas fuit,
Cic. de Or. 1, 35, 161:
sic evolavit oratio, ut ejus vim atque incitationem aspexerim, vestigia ingressumque vix viderim,
observed, noticed, id. ib. 1, 35, 161:
in auctorem fidei,
Vulg. Heb. 12, 2:
in remunerationem,
ib. ib. 11, 26.—So esp., to examine, reflect upon, to consider, weigh, ponder (most freq. in the imperat.: aspice, see, ponder, consider, etc.).
a.
With acc.:
Postea [tu] aspicito meum, quando ego tuum inspectavero,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 50:
neque tanta (est) in rebus obscuritas, ut eas non penitus vir ingenio cernat, si modo (eas) aspexerit,
attends to them, Cic. de Or. 3, 31, 124: aspice, ait, Perseu, nostrae primordia gentis, Ov M. 5, 190.—
b.
With a finite clause.
(α).
In the subj.:
qui semel aspexit, quantum dimissa petitis Praestent, etc.,
has weighed, considered, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 96:
aspiciebant, quomodo turba jactaret aes etc.,
Vulg. Marc. 12, 41:
aspiciebant, ubi (Jesus) poneretur,
ib. ib. 15, 47:
Quin tu illam aspice, ut placide adcubat,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 168:
quin aspice, quantum Aggrediare nefas,
Ov. M. 7, 70:
Aspice, venturo laetentur ut omnia saeclo!
Verg. E. 4, 52:
Aspice, Plautus Quo pacto partes tutetur amantis ephebi, ut patris attenti... Quantus sit dossennus,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 170 sqq.:
Aspice, num mage sit nostrum penetrabile telum,
Verg. A. 10, 481:
aspice, si quid loquamur,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 4 sq.:
Aspice, qui coeant populi,
Verg. A. 8, 385:
Qualem commendes, etiam atque etiam aspice,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 76: aspice, Quanto cum fastu, quanto molimine circumspectemus etc., id. ib. 2, 2, 92.—
(β).
In the indic. (rare):
Aspice, ut antrum Silvestris raris sparsit labrusca racemis,
Verg. E. 5, 6:
Aspice, ut insignis spoliis Marcellus opimis Ingreditur,
id. A. 6, 855:
quantas ostentant, aspice, vires,
id. ib. 6, 771:
Aspice, quem gloria extulerat,
id. Cat. 12, 1:
aspicite, quae fecit nobiscum,
Vulg. Tob. 13, 6.—Also, to take into consideration, to have in view:
si genus aspicitur, Saturnum prima parentem Feci,
Ov. F. 6, 29.—
B.
Esp.
1.
To look upon with respect, admiration:
erat in classe Chabrias privatus, sed eum magis milites quam qui praeerant, aspiciebant,
Nep. Chabr. 4, 1.—
2.
Aliquem, to look one boldly in the face, to meet his glance:
Lacedaemonii, quos nemo Boeotiorum ausus fuit aspicere in acie,
Nep. Epam. 8, 3 (cf. supra, I., the passage from Suet. Aug. 16). —
3.
Lumen aspicere, to see the light for to live:
odi celebritatem, fugio homines, lucem aspicere vix possum,
Cic. Att. 3, 7; id. Brut. 3, 12; cf. the foll. number fin. —
4.
Ad inchoative (as in addubito, addormio, aduro, etc.), to get a sight of, to see, perceive, descry:
perii, si me aspexerit,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 164:
forte unam aspicio adulescentulam,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 91; id. Ad. 3, 3, 19:
respexit et equum alacrem laetus aspexit,
Cic. Div. 1, 33, 73; so id. Har. Resp. 1, 2:
tum vero Phaëthon cunctis e partibus orbem Aspicit accensum,
Ov. M. 2, 228; 7, 651:
aspicit hanc visamque vocat,
id. ib. 2, 443; 2, 714; 3, 69; 3, 356; 3, 486; 7, 384;
7, 791 et saep.: Quem simul aspexit scabrum intonsumque,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 90.—Hence trop.: lumen aspicere, to see the light for to be born:
ut propter quos hanc suavissimam lucem aspexerit, eos indignissime luce privārit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 22 fin.; cf. supra, II. B. 3.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adspicio

16 aspicio

a-spĭcĭo ( adsp-, Jan; asp-, others except Halm, who uses both), spexi, spectum, 3, v. a. (aspexit = aspexerit, Plaut. As. 4, 1, 25), to look to or upon a person or thing, to behold, look at, see.
I.
Lit., constr. in the ante - class. per. sometimes with ad; but afterwards with the acc., with a finite clause, or absol.; in eccl. Lat., with in with acc., and super with acc.
(α).
With ad:
aspice ad me,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 38:
aspicient ad me,
Vulg. Zach. 12, 10:
aspicere ad terram,
Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 25:
ad caelum,
Vulg. 2 Macc. 7, 28:
Aspice nunc ad sinisteram,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 38 (Ritschl, spice):
ad Scrofam,
Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. the epitaph of Pacuvius: Adulescens, tametsi properas, te hoc saxum rogat, Ut se[se] aspicias, etc., ap. Gell. 1, 24 fin. —(b With acc.: Aspice hoc sublimen candens, Enn. ap. Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 65: templum Cereris, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 2, 82: me, Pac. ap. Non. p. 470, 20: aspicite (me) religatum asperis Vinctumque saxis, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Plaut. As. 4, 1, 25:
me huc aspice,
id. Am. 2, 2, 118:
faciem alicujus,
id. Ps. 1, 2, 9.—In Plaut. twice with contra: aspiciam aliquem [p. 176] contra oculis, Cas. 5, 3, 2: Th. Aspicedum contra me. Tr. Aspexi. Th. Vides? Tr. Video, Most. 5, 1, 56; so,
non audebat aspicere contra Deum,
Vulg. Exod. 3, 6:
formam alicujus aspicere,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 25:
tergum alicujus,
Vulg. Exod. 33, 8:
aspicite ipsum: contuemini os, etc.,
Cic. Sull. 27:
me,
Vulg. Job, 7, 8:
sic obstupuerant, sic terram intuebantur, sic furtim non numquam inter se aspiciebant, etc.,
Cic. Cat. 3, 5, 13; so Vulg. Jer. 4, 23:
aspicis me iratus,
Cic. Phil. 2, 30 fin.:
hominis omnino aspiciendi potestatem eripere,
id. Lael. 23, 87:
ut nemo eorum forum aut publicum aspicere vellet,
Liv. 9, 7, 11:
aliquid rectis oculis,
Suet. Aug. 16:
Aspicit hanc torvis (oculis),
Ov. M. 6, 34:
aspiciunt oculis Superi mortalia justis,
id. ib. 13, 70:
aliquid oculis aequis,
Verg. A. 4, 372:
aspice vultus Ecce meos,
Ov. M. 2, 92 al.:
horrendae aspectu,
Hor. S. 1, 8, 26:
aspice nos hoc tantum,
look on us thus much only, Verg. A. 2, 690 Wagner: Aspice Felicem sibi non tibi, Romule, Sullam, poët. ap. Suet. Tib. 59.—In pass. (rare):
unde aliqua pars aspici potest,
Cic. Mil. 3:
pulvis procul et arma adspiciebantur,
Tac. H. 2, 68; id. G. 13:
super triginta milia armatorum aspiciebantur,
id. Agr. 29; 40; id. A. 3, 45; 11, 14:
Septentrionem ibi adnotatum primā tantum parte noctis adspici,
Plin. 2, 73, 75, § 185:
quasi eum aspici nefas esset,
Cic. Verr. 5, 67; 5, 187; id. Har. Resp. 8:
adspici humana exta nefas habetur,
Plin. 28, 1, 2, § 5.—
(γ).
Absol.:
Vide amabo, si non, quom aspicias, os inpudens videtur,
Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 22:
postquam aspexi, ilico Cognovi,
id. Heaut. 4, 1, 43.—
(δ).
With in with acc.:
in terram aspicere,
Vulg. Psa. 101, 20; ib. Isa. 5, 30:
in caelum,
ib. Matt. 14, 9.—
(ε).
With super with acc.:
super castra aspicere,
Vulg. Judith, 9, 7 al. —
B.
Transf.
1.
a.. Of things in space, to look toward, lie toward:
tabulatum aspiciat meridiem,
Col. 8, 8, 2:
cryptoporticus non aspicere vineas, sed tangere videtur,
Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 29:
ea pars Britanniae, quae Hiberniam aspicit,
Tac. Agr. 24:
terra umidior quā Gallias, ventosior quā Noricum aspicit,
id. G. 5.—
b.
Of persons:
nobilissimi totius Britanniae eoque in ipsis penetralibus siti nec servientium litora aspicientes,
Tac. Agr. 30.—
2.
With the access. idea of purpose (cf.: adeo, aggredior, etc.), to look upon something in order to consider or examine it; and in gen. to consider, survey, inspect (freq. in Liv.):
hujus ut aspicerent opus admirabile,
Ov. M. 6, 14:
Boeotiam atque Euboeam aspicere jussi,
Liv. 42, 37:
in Boeotiā aspiciendae res,
id. 42, 67 fin.:
Ap. Claudium legatum ad eas res aspiciendas componendasque senatus misit,
id. 42, 5; 26, 51; 32, 5 al.—
II.
Trop.
A.
In gen.: sic in oratione Crassi divitias atque ornamenta ejus ingenii per quaedam involucra perspexi;
sed ea cum contemplari cuperem, vix aspiciendi potestas fuit,
Cic. de Or. 1, 35, 161:
sic evolavit oratio, ut ejus vim atque incitationem aspexerim, vestigia ingressumque vix viderim,
observed, noticed, id. ib. 1, 35, 161:
in auctorem fidei,
Vulg. Heb. 12, 2:
in remunerationem,
ib. ib. 11, 26.—So esp., to examine, reflect upon, to consider, weigh, ponder (most freq. in the imperat.: aspice, see, ponder, consider, etc.).
a.
With acc.:
Postea [tu] aspicito meum, quando ego tuum inspectavero,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 50:
neque tanta (est) in rebus obscuritas, ut eas non penitus vir ingenio cernat, si modo (eas) aspexerit,
attends to them, Cic. de Or. 3, 31, 124: aspice, ait, Perseu, nostrae primordia gentis, Ov M. 5, 190.—
b.
With a finite clause.
(α).
In the subj.:
qui semel aspexit, quantum dimissa petitis Praestent, etc.,
has weighed, considered, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 96:
aspiciebant, quomodo turba jactaret aes etc.,
Vulg. Marc. 12, 41:
aspiciebant, ubi (Jesus) poneretur,
ib. ib. 15, 47:
Quin tu illam aspice, ut placide adcubat,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 168:
quin aspice, quantum Aggrediare nefas,
Ov. M. 7, 70:
Aspice, venturo laetentur ut omnia saeclo!
Verg. E. 4, 52:
Aspice, Plautus Quo pacto partes tutetur amantis ephebi, ut patris attenti... Quantus sit dossennus,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 170 sqq.:
Aspice, num mage sit nostrum penetrabile telum,
Verg. A. 10, 481:
aspice, si quid loquamur,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 4 sq.:
Aspice, qui coeant populi,
Verg. A. 8, 385:
Qualem commendes, etiam atque etiam aspice,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 76: aspice, Quanto cum fastu, quanto molimine circumspectemus etc., id. ib. 2, 2, 92.—
(β).
In the indic. (rare):
Aspice, ut antrum Silvestris raris sparsit labrusca racemis,
Verg. E. 5, 6:
Aspice, ut insignis spoliis Marcellus opimis Ingreditur,
id. A. 6, 855:
quantas ostentant, aspice, vires,
id. ib. 6, 771:
Aspice, quem gloria extulerat,
id. Cat. 12, 1:
aspicite, quae fecit nobiscum,
Vulg. Tob. 13, 6.—Also, to take into consideration, to have in view:
si genus aspicitur, Saturnum prima parentem Feci,
Ov. F. 6, 29.—
B.
Esp.
1.
To look upon with respect, admiration:
erat in classe Chabrias privatus, sed eum magis milites quam qui praeerant, aspiciebant,
Nep. Chabr. 4, 1.—
2.
Aliquem, to look one boldly in the face, to meet his glance:
Lacedaemonii, quos nemo Boeotiorum ausus fuit aspicere in acie,
Nep. Epam. 8, 3 (cf. supra, I., the passage from Suet. Aug. 16). —
3.
Lumen aspicere, to see the light for to live:
odi celebritatem, fugio homines, lucem aspicere vix possum,
Cic. Att. 3, 7; id. Brut. 3, 12; cf. the foll. number fin. —
4.
Ad inchoative (as in addubito, addormio, aduro, etc.), to get a sight of, to see, perceive, descry:
perii, si me aspexerit,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 164:
forte unam aspicio adulescentulam,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 91; id. Ad. 3, 3, 19:
respexit et equum alacrem laetus aspexit,
Cic. Div. 1, 33, 73; so id. Har. Resp. 1, 2:
tum vero Phaëthon cunctis e partibus orbem Aspicit accensum,
Ov. M. 2, 228; 7, 651:
aspicit hanc visamque vocat,
id. ib. 2, 443; 2, 714; 3, 69; 3, 356; 3, 486; 7, 384;
7, 791 et saep.: Quem simul aspexit scabrum intonsumque,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 90.—Hence trop.: lumen aspicere, to see the light for to be born:
ut propter quos hanc suavissimam lucem aspexerit, eos indignissime luce privārit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 22 fin.; cf. supra, II. B. 3.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > aspicio

17 at

at or ast, conj. [Curtius connects the Sanscr. ati, ultra, nimis, the Gr. eti, the Lat. et, and at in atavus; Vanicek connects with these at, atque, and atqui. Thus the original idea of addition is prominent in eti, et, and atque; and the idea of opposition in at and atqui, which agree with at-ar in meaning as well as in form. After the same analogy, the Gr. pleon, more, has become plên, but; and the Lat. magis has passed into the same meaning in the Fr. mais and the Ital. mai. The confusion in MSS. between at, ac, and et, and between atque and atqui, was prob. caused as much by their connection in idea as in form] (it was sometimes, for the sake of euphony, written ad; cf. Quint. 12, 10; 12, 32; 1, 7, 5; Charis. p. 203 P., where, instead of at conjunctionem esse, ad vero praepositionem, the reading should be, ad conjunctionem esse, at vero praepositionem, Fr.; v. the pass. in its connection; cf. also Vel. Long. p. 2230 P.; Cassiod. p. 2287 P.; Mar. Vict. p. 2458 P. The form ast is found in the old laws; it occurs once in Trag. Rel., but never in Com. Rel. nor in Lucil.; at is found in Plautus about 280 times, and ast about 10 times; in Ter. at about 100 times, and ast once; in Hor. at 60 times, ast 3 times; in Verg. at 168 times, ast 16; in Juv. at 17 times, ast 7; Catull., Tibull., and Prop. use only at, and Pers. (Jahn) only ast; in prose, Cic. uses [p. 186] ast in his epistles. It joins to a previous thought a new one, either antithetical or simply different, and especially an objection; while sed denotes a direct opposition; and autem marks a transition, and denotes at once a connection and an opposition).
I.
In adding a diff., but not entirely opp. thought, a qualification, restriction, etc., moreover, but, yet; sometimes an emphasized (but never merely copulative) and.
A.
In gen.: SEI PARENTEM PVER VERBERIT AST OLE PLORASSIT PVER DIVEIS PARENTOM SACER ESTO, if the son strike his father, and the father complain, let the son, etc., Lex Serv. Tullii ap. Fest. s. v. plorare, p. 230 Müll.; Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 24: Philosophari est mihi necesse, at paucis, but only in a few words, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 65 Rib.:
DIVOS ET EOS QVI CAELESTES, SEMPER HABITI COLVNTO... AST OLLA PROPTER QVAE etc.,
Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19; 3, 4, 11: hinc Remus auspicio se devovet atque secundam Solus avem servat. At Romulus pulcer in alto Quaerit Aventino, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 83 Vahl.); Plaut. Capt. 5, 4, 22:
si ego hic peribo, ast ille, ut dixit, non redit,
id. ib. 3, 5, 25:
paret Amor dictis carae genetricis. At Venus Ascanio placidam per membra quietem Inrigat,
Verg. A. 1, 691:
(Aeneas) finem dedit ore loquendi. At, Phoebi nondum patiens, immanis in antro Bacchatur vates,
id. ib. 6, 77; 11, 709 sq.: quo (odore) totum nati corpus perduxit;
at illi Dulcis compositis spiravit crinibus aura,
id. G. 4, 416; so id. ib. 4, 460; 4, 513; id. A. 3, 259; 3, 675; 7, 81; 8, 241; 9, 793; Prop. 4, 4, 15; 4, 7, 11; Luc. 3, 664; 4, 36 al.—Also in prose (chiefly post-Aug.):
una (navis) cum Nasidianis profugit: at ex reliquis una praemissa Massiliam, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 2, 7:
ubi facta sunt, in unum omnia miscentur. At pastilli haec ratio est, etc.,
Cels. 5, 17; 6, 18:
quamquam insideret urbem proprius miles, tres urbanae, novem praetoriae cohortes Etruriā ferme Umbriāque delectae aut vetere Latio et coloniis antiquitus Romanis. At apud idonea provinciarum sociae triremes etc.,
Tac. A. 4, 5; 4, 6:
negavit aliā se condicione adlecturum, quam si pateretur ascribi albo, extortum sibi a matre. At illa commota etc.,
Suet. Tib. 51; id. Calig. 15; 44; id. Vesp. 5; id. Dom. 4; id. Galb. 7 al.—In the enumeration of particulars:
Cum alio cantat, at tamen alii suo dat digito litteras, Naev., Com. Rel. p. 20 Rib.: dant alios aliae (silvae) fetus: dant utile lignum Navigiis pinos... At myrtus validis hastilibus et bona bello Cornus,
Verg. G. 2, 447:
Nam neque tum stellis acies obtunsa videtur... At nebulae magis etc.,
id. ib. 1, 401; 3, 87; id. A. 7, 691:
Hic altā Sicyone, ast hic Amydone relictā, Hic Andro, etc.,
Juv. 3, 69.— The Vulg. often uses at as a mere continuative, where even et or atque might stand: sciscitabur ab iis ubi Christus nasceretur. At illi dixerunt ei: In etc., Matt. 2, 5; 4, 20; 8, 32; 14, 29; 15, 34 et persaep.—In transition,
B.
Esp.,
1.
To a new narration, like the Gr. de; so the commencement of the fourth book of the Æneid: At regina gravi jam dudum saucia curā, etc. (the third book closes with the narrative of Æneas); so the beginning of the third book of the Thebaid of Statius: At non Aoniae moderator perfidus aulae, etc.; Verg. A. 4, 504; 5, 35; 5, 545; 5, 700; 5, 779; 6, 679; 7, 5; 8, 370; 8, 608; 9, 503; 10, 689; 11, 597; 12, 134 et saep.—Also in the postAug. histt. and other prose writers; so after speaking of the Ubii etc., Tac. says: At in Chaucis coeptavere seditionem praesidium agitantes etc., A. 1, 38; so ib. 4, 13; 12, 62; 14, 23 et saep.—
2.
To a wonderful, terrible, unexpected, or exciting occurrence or circumstance:
clamores simul horrendos ad sidera tollit, etc.... At gemini lapsu delubra ad summa dracones Effugiunt,
Verg. A. 2, 225; 3, 225:
Lacte madens illic suberat Pan ilicis umbrae, Et facta agresti lignea falce Pales etc. At quā Velabri regio patet etc.,
Tib. 2, 5, 33; Verg. G. 4, 471:
consurgit Turnus in ensem et ferit. Exclamant Troes trepidique Latini, Arrectaeque amborum acies. At perfidus ensis Frangitur in medio,
id. A. 12, 731; 10, 763:
adusque Supremum tempus, ne se penuria victūs Opprimeret metuebat. At hunc liberta securi divisit medium,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 99: Magnus quanto mucrone minatur Noctibus hibernis et sidera terret Orion. At sonipes habitus etc., Stat. S. 1, 1, 46.—
3.
To a passionate appeal, etc., in which case the antecedent clause is not expressed, but must be considered as existing in the mind of the speaker; cf. in Gr. alla su, su de.
a.
In passing to an interrogation, exhortation, request:
At, scelesta, viden ut ne id quidem me dignum esse existumat?
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 23; id. Aul. 1, 1, 8:
At qui nummos tristis inuncat?
Lucil. 15, 21 Müll.: Me. Sauream non novi. Li. At nosce sane, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 58: Ca. Non adest. Ps. At tu cita, id. Ps. 1, 1, 30:
satis habeo, at quaeso hercle etiam vide,
id. Merc. 5, 4, 53 (Ritschl, sat habeo. Sed):
at unum hoc quaeso... Ut, etc.,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 89:
at tu, qui laetus rides mala nostra caveto Mox tibi,
Tib. 1, 2, 87:
Hunc ut Peleus vidit, At inferias, juvenum gratissime Crantor, Accipe, ait,
Ov. M. 12, 367:
at tu, nauta, vagae ne parce malignus arenae Ossibus et capiti inhumato Particulam dare,
Hor. C. 1, 28, 23.—In prose:
at vide quid succenseat,
Cic. Fam. 7, 24, 2:
itaque pulsus ego civitate non sum, quae nulla erat: at vide, quam ista tui latrocinii tela contempserim,
id. Part. Or. 4, 1, 28; id. Dom. 44; App. M. 6, p. 179, 18.—
b.
In expressions of passion, astonishment, indignation, pain, etc.:
At ut scelesta sola secum murmurat,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 13: Sc. Nunc quidem domi certost: certa res est Nunc nostrum opservare ostium, [ubi] ubist. Pa. At, Sceledre, quaeso, Ut etc., id. Mil. 2, 4, 46:
At o deorum quidquid in caelo regit Terras et humanum genus, Quid iste fert tumultus?
Hor. Epod. 5, 1:
At tibi quanta domus rutila testudine fulgens, etc.,
Stat. S. 2, 4, 11.—In prose:
horum omnium studium una mater oppugnat: at quae mater?
Cic. Clu. 70; id. Verr. 2, 2, 45:
at per deos immortales! quid est, quod de hoc dici possit,
id. ib. 2, 1, 46:
institui senatores, qui omnia indicum responsa perscriberent. At quos viros!
id. Sull. 42; id. Deiot. 19, 33:
tangit et ira deos: at non impune feremus,
Ov. M. 8, 279; 10, 724:
at tibi Colchorum, memini, regina vacavi,
id. H. 12, 1.—
c.
In indignant imprecations:
At te di omnes cum consilio, Calve, mactāssint malo! Pomp., Com. Rel. p. 245 Rib.: At te Juppiter diique omnes perdant!
Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 37:
At te di deaeque faxint cum isto odio, Laches,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 59:
At te di perdant,
id. Eun. 3, 1, 41:
At tibi di dignum factis exitium duint,
id. And. 4, 1, 42:
At vobis male sit,
Cat. 3, 13:
At tibi, pro scelere, exclamat, pro talibus ausis Di... persolvant grates dignas et praemia reddant Debita!
Verg. A. 2, 535.—In prose:
At vos, ait, devota capita, respiciant di perjuriorum vindices,
Just. 14, 4, 10.—
d.
Rarely of friendly inclination, disposition:
At tibi di bene faciant omnes,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 18:
At tibi di semper, adulescens, quisquis es, faciant bene,
id. Men. 5, 7, 32:
At tu, Catulle, destinatus obdura,
Cat. 8, 19.—
e.
In entreaty:
At vos, o superi, miserescite regis,
Verg. A. 8, 572:
at tu, pater deūm hominumque, hinc saltem arce hostes,
Liv. 1, 12.—
II.
In adding an entirely opposite thought, but, but indeed, but on the other hand, on the contrary, etc. (the strictly class. signif. of the word).
A.
In gen.: at differentiam rerum significat: ut cum dicimus, Scipio est bellator, at M. Cato orator, Paul. ex Fest. p. 11 Müll.: splendet saepe, ast idem nimbis interdum nigret, Att., Trag. Rel. p. 170 Rib.: So. Mentire nunc. Me. At jam faciam, ut verum dicas dicere, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 189: So. Per Jovem juro med etc. Me. At ego per Mercurium juro, tibi etc., id. ib. 1, 1, 280:
Atque oppido hercle bene velle illud visus sum, Ast non habere quoi commendarem caprum,
id. Merc. 2, 1, 22:
fecit idem Themistocles... at idem Pericles non fecit,
Cic. Att. 7, 11, 3:
non placet M. Antonio consulatus meus, at placuit P. Servilio,
id. Phil. 2, 5, 12:
majores nostri Tusculanos Aequos... in civitatem etiam acceperunt, at Karthaginem et Numantiam funditus sustulerunt,
id. Off. 1, 11, 35: brevis a naturā nobis vita data est;
at memoria bene redditae vitae sempiterna,
id. Phil. 14, 12, 32; id. Cat. 2, 2, 3; id. Leg. 2, 18:
crebras a nobis litteras exspecta, ast plures etiam ipse mittito,
id. Att. 1, 16 fin.: Rejectis pilis comminus gladiis pugnatum est. At Germani phalange factā impetus gladiorum exceperunt, Caes. B. G. 1, 52:
Postquam Caesar dicendi finem fecit, ceteri verbo alius alii varie adsentiebantur. At M. Porcius Cato hujusce modi orationem habuit,
Sall. C. 52, 1:
hac iter Elysium nobis, at laeva... ad impia Tartara mittit,
Verg. A. 6, 542: T. Ante leves ergo pascentur in aethere cervi... M. At nos hinc alii sitientīs ibimus Afros, id. E. 1, 65: Dam. Malo me Galatea petit, lasciva puella... Men. At mihi sese offert ultro meus ignis Amyntas, id. ib. 3, 66; 7, 35; 7, 55; id. G. 1, 219; 1, 242; 1, 370; 2, 151; 2, 184; 3, 331; 4, 18; 4, 180; id. A. 2, 35; 2, 687; 3, 424; 5, 264;
6, 489: Ast ego nutrici non mando vota,
Pers. 2, 39:
ast illi tremat etc.,
id. 6, 74:
Ast vocat officium,
id. 6, 27:
At Jesus audiens ait,
Vulg. Matt. 9, 12; 9, 22; 12, 3; 12, 48 et persaep.—
a.
In order to strengthen a contrast, sometimes (esp. in Plaut. and Ter.) with contra, e contrario, potius, etiam, vero.
(α).
With contra:
Summis nitere opibus, at ego contra ut dissimilis siem,
Lucil. 26, 19 Müll.:
Ergo quod magnumst aeque leviusque videtur... At contra gravius etc.,
Lucr. 1, 366; so id. 1, 570; 1, 1087; 2, 235: L. Opimius ejectus est e patriā: At contra bis Catilina absolutus est, Cic. Pis. 95; id. Verr. 5, 66; id. Sex. Rosc. 131; id. Quinct. 75:
At tibi contra Evenit, etc.,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 27:
(Cornutus) taedio curarum mortem in se festinavit: at contra reus nihil infracto animo, etc.,
Tac. A. 4, 28.—
(β).
With e contrario: apud nos mercenarii scribae existimantur;
at apud illos e contrario nemo ad id officium admittitur, nisi, etc.,
Nep. Eum. 1, 5:
in locis siccis partibus sulcorum imis disponenda sunt semina, ut tamquam in alveolis maneant. At uliginosis e contrario in summo porcae dorso collocanda, etc.,
Col. 11, 3, 44.—
(γ).
With potius:
at satius fuerat eam viro dare nuptum potius,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 44:
at potius serves nostram, tua munera, vitam,
Ov. H. 3, 149.—
(δ).
With etiam: At etiam, furcifer, Male loqui mi audes? but do you even? etc., Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 31; id. Trin. 4, 2, 151; id. Rud. 3, 4, 6:
At etiam cubat cuculus. Surge, amator, i domum,
but he is yet abed, id. As. 5, 2, 73; so id. Capt. 2, 3, 98; id. Mil. 4, 4, 6:
Exi foras, sceleste. At etiam restitas, Fugitive!
Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 1; 5, 6, 10: Proinde aut exeant, aut quiescant, etc.... at etiam sunt, Quirites, qui dicant, a me in exsilium ejectum esse Catilinam, on the contrary, there are indeed people who say. etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 6, 12; id. Phil. 2, 30, 76; id. Quinct. 56; id. Verr. 5, 77; id. Dom. 70 al.—
(ε).
With vero, but certainly:
At vero aut honoribus aucti aut etc.,
Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 87; id. Off. 2, 20, 70; 2, 23, 80; id. Fin. 1, 10, 33; id. Verr. 2, 5, 17 al.—
(ζ).
With certe:
Numquam ego te, vitā frater amabilior, Aspiciam posthac. At certe semper amabo,
Cat. 65, 11; 66, 25. —
(η).
So, quidem—at (very rare) = quidem —autem, Cic. Off. 1, 22, 75.—
b.
Ironically: Th. Quid valeam? Ly. At tu aegrota, si lubet, per me aetatem quidem, Plaut. Curc. 4, 3, 22:
at, credo, mea numina tandem Fessa jacent,
Verg. A. 7, 297; 7, 363; Ov. H. 1, 44.—
B.
Very freq. in adding an objection, from one's own mind or another's, against an assertion previously made, but, on the contrary, in opposition to this; sometimes, but one may say, it may be objected, and the like:
Piscium magnam atque altilium vim interfecisti. At nego,
Lucil. 28, 43 Müll.:
Quid tandem te impedit? Mosne majorum? At persaepe etiam privati in hac re publicā perniciosos cives morte multārunt. An leges, quae de civium Romanorum supplicio rogatae sunt? At numquam in hac urbe etc.,
Cic. Cat. 1, 11, 28:
Appellandi tempus non erat? At tecum plus annum vixit. In Galliā agi non potuit? At et in provinciā jus dicebatur et etc.,
id. Quinct. 41:
Male judicavit populus. At judicavit. Non debuit. At potuit. Non fero. At multi clarissimi cives tulerunt,
id. Planc. 11:
sunt, quos signa, quos caelatum argentum delectant. At sumus, inquiunt, civitatis principes,
id. Part. Or. 5, 2, 36; id. Fin. 4, 25, 71; id. Verr. 2, 2 fin.:
quid porro quaerendum est? Factumne sit? At constat: A quo? At patet,
id. Mil. 6, 15; id. Phil. 2, 9: convivium vicinorum cotidie compleo, quod ad multam noctem, quam maxime possumus, vario sermone producimus. At non est voluptatum tanta quasi titillatio in senibus. Credo: sed ne desideratio quidem, [p. 187] id. Sen. 14, 47:
multo magnus orator praestat minutis imperatoribus. At prodest plus imperator. Quis negat?
id. Brut. 73, 256; id. Div. 2, 29, 62; 2, 31, 67; 2, 32, 69 al.:
Maxime Juppiter! At in se Pro quaestu sumptum facit hic,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 18 al. — In this case freq. strengthened,
a.
By pol, edepol, hercule: At pol ego neque florem neque flocces volo mihi, Caecil., Com. Rel. p. 67 Rib.: So. Non edepol volo profecto. Me. At pol profecto ingratiis, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 215; so id. As. 2, 2, 34; 4, 2, 14; id. Capt. 3, 4, 64; id. Cas. 2, 3, 15; id. Cist. 4, 2, 70; id. Trin. 2, 4, 73: Ha. Gaudio ero vobis. Ad. At edepol nos voluptati tibi, id. Poen. 5, 4, 61; 3, 1, 68:
At hercule aliquot annos populus Romanus maximā parte imperii caruit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 54; id. Sex. Rosc. 50:
at hercle in eā controversiā, quae de Argis est, superior sum,
Liv. 34, 31:
At, Hercule, reliquis omnibus etc.,
Plin. 7, 50, 51, § 169:
At, hercules, Diodorus et in morbo etc.,
id. 29, 6, 39, § 142:
At hercule Germanicum Druso ortum etc.,
Tac. A. 1, 3; 1, 17; 1, 26;
3, 54: At, hercules, si conscius fuissem etc.,
Curt. 6, 10, 20 al. —
b.
By enim, which introduces a reason for the objection implied in at, but certainly, but surely, but indeed, etc., alla gar: At enim tu nimis spisse incedis, Naev., Com. Rel. p. 16 Rib.; Turp. id. p. 93: at enim nimis hic longo sermone utimur;
Diem conficimus,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 78:
At enim istoc nil est magis etc.,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 21:
At enim vereor, inquit Crassus, ne haec etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 188:
cum dixisset Sophocles, O puerum pulchrum, Pericle. At enim praetorem, Sophocle, decet non solum manus, sed etiam oculos abstinentes habere, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 40, 144 Beier; so id. Mur. 35, 74; id. Inv. 2, 17, 52 al.:
at enim inter hos ipsos existunt graves controversiae,
id. Quinct. 1; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51; 20, 60; id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; id. Ac. 2, 17, 52:
At enim cur a me potissimum hoc praesidium petiverunt?
id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 15:
At enim quis reprehendet, quod in parricidas rei publicae decretum erit?
Sall. C. 51, 25 Kritz:
At enim quid ita solus ego circum curam ago?
Liv. 6, 15; 34, 32:
At enim eo foedere, quod etc.,
id. 21, 18; 34, 31; 39, 37: At enim nova nobis in fratrum filias conjugia;
sed etc.,
Tac. A. 12, 6.—
c.
By tamen: Jam id peccatum primum magnum, magnum, at humanum tamen, Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 53: Hi secretis sermonibus... conveniunt;
nam publice civitas talibus inceptis abhorrebat. At tamen interfuere quidam etc.,
Tac. H. 4, 55:
At certe tamen, inquiunt, quod etc.,
Cat. 10, 14.—
C.
With a preced. negative, sometimes no antithesis is appended by at, but it is indicated that if what has been said is not true, yet at least something else is true, but yet; sometimes with tamen, but yet; or certe, but at least, yet at least:
Nolo victumas: at minimis me extis placare volo,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 95:
Si tibi non cordi fuerant conubia nostra,... At tamen in vostras potuisti ducere sedes,
Cat. 64, 158 sq.:
Non cognoscebantur foris, at domi: non ab alienis, at a suis,
Cic. Ac. 2, 11, 56:
Liceat haec nobis, si oblivisci non possumus, at tacere,
id. Fl. 25, 61:
Si genus humanum et mortalia temnitis arma, At sperate deos memores fandi atque nefandi,
Verg. A. 1, 543; so id. ib. 4, 615, and 6, 406. —With certe:
Haec erant... quorum cognitio studiosis juvenibus si non magnam utilitatem adferet, at certe, quod magis petimus, bonam voluntatem,
Quint. 12, 11, 31; Cels. 2, 15; Suet. Calig. 12, al.—
D.
The antithesis is sometimes not so much in the clause appended by at, as in the persons or things introduced in it; so,
(α).
Esp. freq. in conditional clauses with si, si non, si minus, etiam si, etc.; cf. Herm. ad Viger. 241: Si ego hic peribo, ast ille, ut dixit, non redit; At erit mi hoc factum mortuo memorabile, if I perish here, but he does not return, yet etc., Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 26; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 131:
si ego digna hac contumeliā Sum maxime, at tu indignus qui faceres tamen,
Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 25:
Si tu oblitus es, at di meminerunt,
Cat. 30, 11:
si non eo die, at postridie,
Cato, R. R. 2, 1:
si non paulo, at aliquanto (post petīsses),
Cic. Quinct. 40; 97; id. Mil. 93 al.:
quanta tempestas invidiae nobis, si minus in praesens, at in posteritatem impendeat,
id. Cat. 1, 22; id. Verr. 5, 69; id. Clu. 15: qui non possit, etiam si sine ullā suspitione, at non sine argumento male dicere, id. Cael. 3, 8.—
(β).
With etsi:
ei, etsi nequāquam parem illius ingenio, at pro nostro tamen studio meritam gratiam referamus,
Cic. de Or. 3, 4, 14; Tac. Or. 19.—
(γ).
With quod si:
Quod si nihil cum potentiore juris humani relinquitur inopi, at ego ad deos confugiam,
Liv. 9, 1; Tac. A. 1, 67.—
E.
At, like autem and de, sometimes serves simply to introduce an explanation: cum Sic mutilus miniteris. At illi foeda cicatrix etc., now an ugly scar etc., Hor. S. 1, 5, 60. —
F.
And also like de in Hom. and Hdt., it sometimes introduces an apodosis,
a.
With si: Bellona, si hobie nobis victoriam duis, ast ego templum tibi voveo, if to-day thou bestow victory, then I etc., ean—de, Liv. 10, 19.—
b.
With quoniam: Nunc, quoniam tuum insanabile ingenium est, at tu tuo supplicio doce etc., since your disposition is past cure, at least etc., epei—de, Liv. 1, 28.
► A.
At is sometimes repeated at the beginning of several clauses,
a.
In opposition each to the preceding clause: Soph. Tu quidem haut etiam octoginta's pondo. Paegn. At confidentiā Militia illa militatur multo magis quam pondere. At ego hanc operam perdo, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 47 sq.:
Si ego hic peribo, ast ille, ut dixit, non redit: At erit mi hoc factum mortuo memorabile,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 25 sq.; id. As. 5, 2, 6 sqq. (Cic., in Quir. 7 and 10, opposes at to sed, and Tac., in A. 12, 6, sed to at).—
b.
In opposition to some common clause preceding:
At etiam asto? At etiam cesso foribus facere hisce assulas?
Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 20: Quid tum esse existimas judicatum? Certe gratīs judicāsse. At condemnārat; at causam totam non audierat;
at in contionibus etc.,
Cic. Caecin. 113:
Sit flagitiorum omnium princeps: at est bonus imperator, at felix,
id. Verr. 5, 4; id. Sest. 47; id. Fragm. B. 16, 5 B. and K.: Nefarius Hippias Pisistrati filius arma contra patriam ferens;
at Sulla, at Marius, at Cinna recte, imo jure fortasse,
id. Att. 9, 10, 3: At non formosa est, at non bene culta puella;
At, puto, non votis saepe petita meis?
Ov. Am. 3, 7, 1 sq. Merk.:
At quam sunt similes, at quam formosus uterque!
id. F. 2, 395: rideri possit eo quod Rusticius tonso toga defluit: at est bonus ut melior vir Non alius quisquam; at tibi amicus;
at ingenium ingens Inculto latet hoc sub corpore,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 30 sqq. (cf. sed—
sed,
Cat. 64, 141; Juv. 5, 61; 8, 149; and a similar use of alla in Hellenistic Greek, as alla—alla, 2 Cor. 2, 17: alla—alla —alla, 1 Cor. 6, 11).—
B.
Though regularly occupying the first place in its clause or sentence, it sometimes stands second (cf. atque fin.):
Saepius at si me, Lycida formose, revisas,
Verg. E. 7, 67; id. G. 3, 331:
Tutior at quanto merx est in classe secundā,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 47:
Mentior at si quid, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 8, 37:
Gramineis ast inde toris discumbitur,
Val. Fl. 8, 255:
Major at inde etc.,
Stat. Th. 4, 116.—See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 417-451; Wagner, Quaest. XXXVII. ad Verg. IV. pp. 581- 585.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > at

18 legens

1.
lēgo, āvi, ātum (archaic perf. legassit for legaverit, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 148), 1, v. a. [lex; and therefore qs. lege creare], a publicist's and jurid. t. t.
I.
A publicist's t. t.
A.
To send with a commission or charge, to send on an embassy, send as ambassador; to depute, despatch:
ne hoc quidem senatui relinquebas, ut legati ex ejus ordinis auctoritate legarentur,
Cic. Vatin. 15, 35:
hominem honestum ac nobilem legarunt ad Apronium,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 114: eos privatae rei causa legari, id. Fam. 3, 8, 4:
juste pieque legatus venio,
Liv. 1, 32:
tres adulescentes in Africam legantur, qui reges adeant, etc.,
Sall. J. 21, 4:
quos Athenienses Romam ad senatum legaverant impetratum, etc.,
Gell. 7, 14, 8.—
2.
Transf. to the commission itself (ante- and post-class.):
quae verba legaverint Rhodii ad hostium ducem,
what they told him through their deputies, Gell. 15, 31 in lemm. —
b.
Beyond the official sphere:
quin potius, quod legatum est tibi negotium, Id curas?
committed, intrusted, Plaut. Cas. 1, 12.—
B.
To appoint or choose as deputy (as the official assistant, lieutenant, of a general or governor):
eum (Messium) Caesari legarat Appius,
Cic. Att. 4, 15, 9:
ego me a Pompeio legari ita sum passus, ut, etc.,
id. ib. 4, 2, 6:
istum legatum iri non arbitror,
id. ib. 10, 1, 4:
ne legaretur Gabinius Pompeio expetenti,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:
Dolabella me sibi legavit,
chose me for his lieutenant, id. Att. 15, 11, 4:
Calpurnius parato exercitu legat sibi homines nobiles, etc.,
Sall. J. 28.—
II.
A jurid. t. t.: aliquid, to appoint by a last will or testament, to leave or bequeath as a legacy (class.):
Numitori, qui stirpis maximus erat, regnum vetustum Silviae gentis legat,
Liv. 1, 3: legavit quidam uxori mundum omne penumque, Lucil. ap. Gell. 4, 1, 3:
usumfructum omnium bonorum Caesenniae legat,
Cic. Caecin. 4, 11:
Fabiae pecunia legata est a viro,
id. Top. 3, 14:
cui argentum omne legatum est,
Quint. 5, 10, 62:
in argento legato,
id. 7, 2, 11.—
B.
Aliquid alicui ab aliquo, to leave one a legacy to be paid by the principal heir:
uxori testamento legat grandem pecuniam a filio, si qui natus esset: ab secundo herede nihil legat,
Cic. Clu. 12, 33:
si paterfamilias uxori ancillarum usum fructum legavit a filio, neque a secundo herede legavit,
id. Top. 4, 21; Quint. 7, 9, 5.—Hence,
1.
lēgātus, i, m.
A.
(Acc. to lego, I. A.) An ambassador, legate, Cic. Vatin. 15, 35:
legatos mittere,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:
ad senatum legatos de aliqua re mittere,
id. de Or. 2, 37, 155; cf.:
missi magnis de rebus uterque Legati,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 29:
legatos mittere ad indicendum bellum,
Liv. 31, 8; Ov. M. 14, 527.—
B.
(Acc. to lego, I. B.).
a.
An official assistant given to a general or the governor of a province, a deputy, lieutenant, lieutenant-general:
quos legatos tute tibi legasti?
Cic. Pis. 14, 33:
qui M. Aemilio legati fuerunt,
id. Clu. 36, 99:
Quintus frater meus legatus est Caesaris,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 21; id. Off. 3, 20, 79; cf.:
Murena summo imperatori legatus L. Lucullo fuit, qua in legatione duxit exercitum, etc.,
id. Mur. 9, 20; 14, 32:
neque se ei legatum defuturum,
id. Phil. 11, 7, 17; Val. Max. 5, 5, 1:
hiberna cum legato praefectoque tradidisses,
Cic. Pis. 35, 86:
(Calvisius) duos legatos Uticae reliquerat,
id. Phil. 3, 10 fin.:
quaestorius,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 56; Caes. B. G. 2, 5 fin.:
L. Caesar, cujus pater Caesaris erat legatus,
id. B. C. 1, 8, 2:
magnitudo et splendor legati,
Liv. 38, 58, 9:
in magna legatum quaere popina,
Juv. 8, 172.—
b.
Under the emperors, a governor sent to a province by the emperor, Tac. A. 12, 40; id. Agr. 33; Suet. Vesp. 4; Spart. Hadr. 3 et saep.; cf. legatio, I. B. 2., and Orell. ad Tac. Agr. 9.—
(β).
Legati legionum, commanders, Suet. Tib. 19; id. Vesp. 4; cf.:
Caesar singulis legionibus singulos legatos et quaestorem praefecit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 52; Tac. A. 2, 36; id. H. 1, 7.—Also called;
legatus praetorius,
Tac. Agr. 7.—
2.
lēgātum, i, n. (acc. to lego, II.), a bequest, legacy:
legatum est delibatio hereditatis, qua testator ex eo, quod universum heredis foret, alicui quid collatum velit,
Dig. 30, 116:
Hortensii legata cognovi,
Cic. Att. 7, 3, 9:
reliqua legata varie dedit,
Suet. Aug. 101; id. Tib. 48:
legatum peto ex testamento,
Quint. 4, 2, 6:
jus capiendi legata alicui adimere,
Suet. Dom. 8:
cymbala pulsantis legatum amici,
Juv. 9, 62:
legatorum genera sunt quattuor,
Gai. Inst. 2, 192; cf. sqq.
2.
lĕgo, lēgi, lectum ( gen. plur. part. legentum, Ov. Tr. 1. 7, 25), 3, v. a. [Gr. legô, logos, logas, etc.; Lat. legumen, di-leg-ens, neg-leg-o, etc.; cf. Germ. lesen], to bring together, to gather, collect.
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.:
oleam,
Cato, R. R. 144:
nuces,
Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 265:
herbas collibus,
Ov. M. 14, 347: flores et humi nascentia fraga, [p. 1048] Verg. E. 3, 92; cf.:
roscida mala,
id. ib. 8, 38:
flores in calathos,
Ov. F. 5, 218:
spolia caesorum,
Liv. 5, 39:
quos (montanos asparagos),
Juv. 11, 69.—Of the dead who have been burned:
ossa,
Ov. H. 10, 150:
homini mortuo ossa,
Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 60: ossa filii, Sen. de Ira, 2, 33, 6; cf. Quint. 8, 5, 21; Lact. de Mort. Persec. 21, 11:
reliquias legerunt primores equestris ordinis,
Suet. Aug. 100. —
B.
Esp.
1.
To take out, pick out, extract, remove:
quibusdam et radi ossa et legi... quae sine totius pernicie corporis haerere non poterant,
Sen. Prov. 1, 3, 2:
ossa vivis,
id. ad Marc. 22, 3:
ossa in capite lecta,
id. Ben. 5, 24, 3:
ossa e vulneribus,
Quint. 6, 1, 30.—
2.
To pluck, strip, gather fruit from (a tree, etc.):
oleam qui legerit,
Cato, R. R. 144, 1:
ficus non erat apta legi,
Ov. F. 2, 254.—
3.
Poet.: legere fila, to wind up:
extrema Lauso Parcae fila legunt,
i. e. spin the last thread of life, Verg. A. 10, 815; cf.:
quae dedit ingrato fila legenda viro,
Ov. F. 3, 462:
stamen,
Prop. 4 (5), 4, 40 (42).—
4.
Naut. t. t.: vela legere, to draw together, furl:
omnis navita ponto umida vela legit,
Verg. G. 1, 373:
vela legunt socii,
id. A. 3, 532:
ipse dabit tenera vela, legetque manu,
Ov. H. 15, 215; Val. Fl. 2, 13:
prora funem legit Argus ab alta,
draws in, takes in, id. 1, 312:
ancoras classis legit,
is weighing anchor, Sen. Troad. 759.—
5.
To take to one's self unjustly, to carry off, steal, purloin, plunder, abstract (not in Cic.): omnia viscatis manibus leget, omnia sumet: crede mihi, auferet omnia, Lucil. ap. Non. 332 and 396, 4:
majus esse maleficium stuprare ingenuam quam sacrum legere,
Auct. Her. 2, 30 fin.:
sacra divum,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 117:
soceros legere et gremiis abducere pactas,
Verg. A. 10, 79 Serv. ad loc. (but Forbig. renders legere here as = eligere, sumere; cf. 8. infra).—
6.
Of places, to go, pass, or wander through ( poet.):
nec me studiosius altera saltus Legit,
Ov. M. 5, 579:
pars cetera pontum Pone legit,
sails through, Verg. A. 2, 207:
vada dura lego,
id. ib. 3, 706:
freta,
id. ib. 3, 127:
aequora Afra,
Ov. F. 4, 289:
Ioniumque rapax Icariumque legit,
id. ib. 4, 566: vestigia alicujus, to follow one's footsteps, to track or pursue him:
subsequitur pressoque legit vestigia gressu,
id. M. 3, 17; cf.:
et vestigia retro Observata legit,
Verg. A. 9, 392:
tortos orbes,
to wander through, id. ib. 12, 481.—
7.
To pass or sail by, to skirt, to coast along a shore, land, or place (mostly poet.):
Inarimen Prochytenque legit,
Ov. M. 14, 89; 15, 705; 709: primi litoris oram, coast along, i. e. not enter into details, Verg. G. 2, 44; id. E. 8, 7:
navibus oram Italiae,
Liv. 21, 51 fin.:
oram Campaniae,
Suet. Tib. 11; cf.
terram,
id. Aug. 16. —
8.
Pregn., to choose from a number, to pick out, single out, select, elect (class.):
alia esse oportet forma quem tu pugno legeris,
pick out to fight with, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 160:
judices,
Cic. Phil. 5, 6, 16:
omnia, quae leget quaeque reiciet,
id. Fin. 4, 15, 40:
scribam,
to elect, appoint, id. Clu. 45, 126:
condiciones nubendi,
id. Cael. 15:
cives in patres,
Liv. 23, 22:
viros ad bella,
Ov. M. 7, 669:
geminasque legit de classe biremes,
Verg. A. 8, 79: legit virum vir, each one singles out his man (of the combatants in a battle), id. ib. 11, 632:
senatum ad modum pristinum redegit duabus lectionibus: prima ipsorum arbitratu, quo vir virum legit,
Suet. Aug. 35; Tac. H. 1, 18: neque ejus legendam filiam (sc. virginem Vestalem) qui domicilium in Italia non haberet, At. Cap. ap. Gell. 1, 12, 8.—
* (β).
With inf.:
fidissima custos Lecta sacrum justae veneri occultare pudorem,
Stat. Th. 1, 530.
II.
Trop.
* A.
To catch up, i. e. overhear a conversation:
nunc huc concedam, ut horum sermonem legam,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 4, 21 (cf. sublegere, id. Mil. 4, 2. 98).—
B.
To catch with the eye, to view, observe, behold, survey, see.
* 1.
In gen.:
tumulum capit, unde omnes longo ordine posset Adversos legere,
Verg. A. 6, 755 Heyne ad loc.; and cf. Verg. A. 6, 34.—
2.
In partic., to read or peruse a writing:
ut eos libros per te ipse legeres,
Cic. Top. 1:
defensionem causae,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 112:
legi apud Clitomachum, A. Albium jocantem dixisse, etc.,
id. Ac. 2, 45, 137:
aliquid studiose intenteque,
Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 1:
significas legisse te in quadam epistula mea, jussisse Verginium, etc.,
id. ib. 9, 19, 1: philosophorum consultorumque opiniones, Quint. 12, 11, 17:
liber tuus et lectus est et legitur a me diligenter,
Cic. Fam. 6, 5, 1:
orationem,
Quint. 1, 1, 6:
aiunt multum legendum esse non multa,
Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 15.—With a pers. obj.:
antiquos et novos,
Quint. 2, 5, 23:
antiquos studiosius,
id. 3, 6, 62:
poëtas,
id. 1, 4, 4. —In pass.:
Horatius fere solus legi dignus,
Quint. 10, 1, 96:
si cum judicio legatur Cassius Severus,
id. 10, 1, 116:
dumque legar, mecum pariter tua fama legetur,
Ov. Tr. 5, 14, 5:
sepulcra legens,
when reading epitaphs, Cic. de Sen. 7, 21:
legentium plerisque,
Liv. 1 praef. §
4: opus nescio an minimae legentibus futurum voluptati,
to my readers, Quint. 3, 1, 2; cf. id. 9, 4, 2; 2, 5, 3:
nec Cynicos nec Stoica dogmata,
Juv. 13, 121.— Absol.:
legendi usus,
Lact. 3, 25, 9:
memoriam continuus legendi usus instruit,
Macr. S. 1, 5, 1.—
b.
In partic.
(α).
To read out, read aloud, recite (esp. freq. in post-Aug. authors):
convocatis auditoribus volumen legere, etc.,
Cic. Brut. 51, 191: codicem pro contione, id. Fragm. ap. Quint. 4, 4, 8:
audio me male legere, dumtaxat versus, orationes enim commodius,
Plin. Ep. 9, 34:
obturem impune legentibus aures,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 105:
quem vero arripuit tenet occiditque legendo,
with recitation, id. A. P. 475:
quis dabit historico quantum daret acta legenti,
to read him the news, Juv. 7, 104.—
(β).
To find in an author or a writing:
ut scriptum legimus,
Cic. Deiot. 7, 19:
legi etiam scriptum, esse avem quandam, etc.,
id. N. D. 2. 49 init.:
ego vero haec scripta legi,
id. Planc. 39, 94:
praeterea scriptum legimus, Gallos in venatibus tinguere sagittas,
Gell. 17, 15, 7. relatum legere, Nep. praef. 1.— Pass.:
in aliis codicibus non peccato sed peccatis legitur,
Aug. Cont. Jul. Rel. 1, 22; id. Don. Persev. 6 init. al.—
C.
A publicist's t. t.: legere senatum, to read over or call off the names of senators (which was done by the censors;
v. lectio, II. A. 2.): censores fideli concordia senatum legerunt,
Liv. 40, 51; 9, 29; 9, 30; 9, 46; 43, 15 al.—Hence, lĕgens, entis, Part. as subst. m., a reader ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose for lector), Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 25.— Plur., Liv. praef. 4; Quint. 3, 1, 2; Plin. 8, 16, 17, § 44; Tac. A. 4, 33.—Also, lectus, a, um, P. a., chosen, picked out, selected; choice, excellent (class.): argenti lectae numeratae minae, good, i. e. of full weight, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 50; so,
argentum,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 3:
ut neque vir melior neque lectior femina in terris sit,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:
lectissimi viri atque ornatissimi,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 6, § 15; cf. id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 29:
uxor lectissima,
id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:
(verbis) lectis atque illustribus uti,
id. de Or. 3, 37, 150:
nihil est aliud... pulcre et oratorie dicere nisi optimis sententiis verbisque lectissimis dicere,
id. Or. 68, 227:
juvenum lectissime,
Stat. S. 5, 1, 247; cf.:
viginti lectis equitum comitatus,
Verg. A. 9, 48.—Hence, adv.: lectē, choicely, selectly (very rare):
ab lego lecte ac lectissime,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 36 Müll.— Comp.:
lectius,
Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2 (al. lecta).

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > legens

19 lego

1.
lēgo, āvi, ātum (archaic perf. legassit for legaverit, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 148), 1, v. a. [lex; and therefore qs. lege creare], a publicist's and jurid. t. t.
I.
A publicist's t. t.
A.
To send with a commission or charge, to send on an embassy, send as ambassador; to depute, despatch:
ne hoc quidem senatui relinquebas, ut legati ex ejus ordinis auctoritate legarentur,
Cic. Vatin. 15, 35:
hominem honestum ac nobilem legarunt ad Apronium,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 114: eos privatae rei causa legari, id. Fam. 3, 8, 4:
juste pieque legatus venio,
Liv. 1, 32:
tres adulescentes in Africam legantur, qui reges adeant, etc.,
Sall. J. 21, 4:
quos Athenienses Romam ad senatum legaverant impetratum, etc.,
Gell. 7, 14, 8.—
2.
Transf. to the commission itself (ante- and post-class.):
quae verba legaverint Rhodii ad hostium ducem,
what they told him through their deputies, Gell. 15, 31 in lemm. —
b.
Beyond the official sphere:
quin potius, quod legatum est tibi negotium, Id curas?
committed, intrusted, Plaut. Cas. 1, 12.—
B.
To appoint or choose as deputy (as the official assistant, lieutenant, of a general or governor):
eum (Messium) Caesari legarat Appius,
Cic. Att. 4, 15, 9:
ego me a Pompeio legari ita sum passus, ut, etc.,
id. ib. 4, 2, 6:
istum legatum iri non arbitror,
id. ib. 10, 1, 4:
ne legaretur Gabinius Pompeio expetenti,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:
Dolabella me sibi legavit,
chose me for his lieutenant, id. Att. 15, 11, 4:
Calpurnius parato exercitu legat sibi homines nobiles, etc.,
Sall. J. 28.—
II.
A jurid. t. t.: aliquid, to appoint by a last will or testament, to leave or bequeath as a legacy (class.):
Numitori, qui stirpis maximus erat, regnum vetustum Silviae gentis legat,
Liv. 1, 3: legavit quidam uxori mundum omne penumque, Lucil. ap. Gell. 4, 1, 3:
usumfructum omnium bonorum Caesenniae legat,
Cic. Caecin. 4, 11:
Fabiae pecunia legata est a viro,
id. Top. 3, 14:
cui argentum omne legatum est,
Quint. 5, 10, 62:
in argento legato,
id. 7, 2, 11.—
B.
Aliquid alicui ab aliquo, to leave one a legacy to be paid by the principal heir:
uxori testamento legat grandem pecuniam a filio, si qui natus esset: ab secundo herede nihil legat,
Cic. Clu. 12, 33:
si paterfamilias uxori ancillarum usum fructum legavit a filio, neque a secundo herede legavit,
id. Top. 4, 21; Quint. 7, 9, 5.—Hence,
1.
lēgātus, i, m.
A.
(Acc. to lego, I. A.) An ambassador, legate, Cic. Vatin. 15, 35:
legatos mittere,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:
ad senatum legatos de aliqua re mittere,
id. de Or. 2, 37, 155; cf.:
missi magnis de rebus uterque Legati,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 29:
legatos mittere ad indicendum bellum,
Liv. 31, 8; Ov. M. 14, 527.—
B.
(Acc. to lego, I. B.).
a.
An official assistant given to a general or the governor of a province, a deputy, lieutenant, lieutenant-general:
quos legatos tute tibi legasti?
Cic. Pis. 14, 33:
qui M. Aemilio legati fuerunt,
id. Clu. 36, 99:
Quintus frater meus legatus est Caesaris,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 21; id. Off. 3, 20, 79; cf.:
Murena summo imperatori legatus L. Lucullo fuit, qua in legatione duxit exercitum, etc.,
id. Mur. 9, 20; 14, 32:
neque se ei legatum defuturum,
id. Phil. 11, 7, 17; Val. Max. 5, 5, 1:
hiberna cum legato praefectoque tradidisses,
Cic. Pis. 35, 86:
(Calvisius) duos legatos Uticae reliquerat,
id. Phil. 3, 10 fin.:
quaestorius,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 56; Caes. B. G. 2, 5 fin.:
L. Caesar, cujus pater Caesaris erat legatus,
id. B. C. 1, 8, 2:
magnitudo et splendor legati,
Liv. 38, 58, 9:
in magna legatum quaere popina,
Juv. 8, 172.—
b.
Under the emperors, a governor sent to a province by the emperor, Tac. A. 12, 40; id. Agr. 33; Suet. Vesp. 4; Spart. Hadr. 3 et saep.; cf. legatio, I. B. 2., and Orell. ad Tac. Agr. 9.—
(β).
Legati legionum, commanders, Suet. Tib. 19; id. Vesp. 4; cf.:
Caesar singulis legionibus singulos legatos et quaestorem praefecit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 52; Tac. A. 2, 36; id. H. 1, 7.—Also called;
legatus praetorius,
Tac. Agr. 7.—
2.
lēgātum, i, n. (acc. to lego, II.), a bequest, legacy:
legatum est delibatio hereditatis, qua testator ex eo, quod universum heredis foret, alicui quid collatum velit,
Dig. 30, 116:
Hortensii legata cognovi,
Cic. Att. 7, 3, 9:
reliqua legata varie dedit,
Suet. Aug. 101; id. Tib. 48:
legatum peto ex testamento,
Quint. 4, 2, 6:
jus capiendi legata alicui adimere,
Suet. Dom. 8:
cymbala pulsantis legatum amici,
Juv. 9, 62:
legatorum genera sunt quattuor,
Gai. Inst. 2, 192; cf. sqq.
2.
lĕgo, lēgi, lectum ( gen. plur. part. legentum, Ov. Tr. 1. 7, 25), 3, v. a. [Gr. legô, logos, logas, etc.; Lat. legumen, di-leg-ens, neg-leg-o, etc.; cf. Germ. lesen], to bring together, to gather, collect.
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.:
oleam,
Cato, R. R. 144:
nuces,
Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 265:
herbas collibus,
Ov. M. 14, 347: flores et humi nascentia fraga, [p. 1048] Verg. E. 3, 92; cf.:
roscida mala,
id. ib. 8, 38:
flores in calathos,
Ov. F. 5, 218:
spolia caesorum,
Liv. 5, 39:
quos (montanos asparagos),
Juv. 11, 69.—Of the dead who have been burned:
ossa,
Ov. H. 10, 150:
homini mortuo ossa,
Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 60: ossa filii, Sen. de Ira, 2, 33, 6; cf. Quint. 8, 5, 21; Lact. de Mort. Persec. 21, 11:
reliquias legerunt primores equestris ordinis,
Suet. Aug. 100. —
B.
Esp.
1.
To take out, pick out, extract, remove:
quibusdam et radi ossa et legi... quae sine totius pernicie corporis haerere non poterant,
Sen. Prov. 1, 3, 2:
ossa vivis,
id. ad Marc. 22, 3:
ossa in capite lecta,
id. Ben. 5, 24, 3:
ossa e vulneribus,
Quint. 6, 1, 30.—
2.
To pluck, strip, gather fruit from (a tree, etc.):
oleam qui legerit,
Cato, R. R. 144, 1:
ficus non erat apta legi,
Ov. F. 2, 254.—
3.
Poet.: legere fila, to wind up:
extrema Lauso Parcae fila legunt,
i. e. spin the last thread of life, Verg. A. 10, 815; cf.:
quae dedit ingrato fila legenda viro,
Ov. F. 3, 462:
stamen,
Prop. 4 (5), 4, 40 (42).—
4.
Naut. t. t.: vela legere, to draw together, furl:
omnis navita ponto umida vela legit,
Verg. G. 1, 373:
vela legunt socii,
id. A. 3, 532:
ipse dabit tenera vela, legetque manu,
Ov. H. 15, 215; Val. Fl. 2, 13:
prora funem legit Argus ab alta,
draws in, takes in, id. 1, 312:
ancoras classis legit,
is weighing anchor, Sen. Troad. 759.—
5.
To take to one's self unjustly, to carry off, steal, purloin, plunder, abstract (not in Cic.): omnia viscatis manibus leget, omnia sumet: crede mihi, auferet omnia, Lucil. ap. Non. 332 and 396, 4:
majus esse maleficium stuprare ingenuam quam sacrum legere,
Auct. Her. 2, 30 fin.:
sacra divum,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 117:
soceros legere et gremiis abducere pactas,
Verg. A. 10, 79 Serv. ad loc. (but Forbig. renders legere here as = eligere, sumere; cf. 8. infra).—
6.
Of places, to go, pass, or wander through ( poet.):
nec me studiosius altera saltus Legit,
Ov. M. 5, 579:
pars cetera pontum Pone legit,
sails through, Verg. A. 2, 207:
vada dura lego,
id. ib. 3, 706:
freta,
id. ib. 3, 127:
aequora Afra,
Ov. F. 4, 289:
Ioniumque rapax Icariumque legit,
id. ib. 4, 566: vestigia alicujus, to follow one's footsteps, to track or pursue him:
subsequitur pressoque legit vestigia gressu,
id. M. 3, 17; cf.:
et vestigia retro Observata legit,
Verg. A. 9, 392:
tortos orbes,
to wander through, id. ib. 12, 481.—
7.
To pass or sail by, to skirt, to coast along a shore, land, or place (mostly poet.):
Inarimen Prochytenque legit,
Ov. M. 14, 89; 15, 705; 709: primi litoris oram, coast along, i. e. not enter into details, Verg. G. 2, 44; id. E. 8, 7:
navibus oram Italiae,
Liv. 21, 51 fin.:
oram Campaniae,
Suet. Tib. 11; cf.
terram,
id. Aug. 16. —
8.
Pregn., to choose from a number, to pick out, single out, select, elect (class.):
alia esse oportet forma quem tu pugno legeris,
pick out to fight with, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 160:
judices,
Cic. Phil. 5, 6, 16:
omnia, quae leget quaeque reiciet,
id. Fin. 4, 15, 40:
scribam,
to elect, appoint, id. Clu. 45, 126:
condiciones nubendi,
id. Cael. 15:
cives in patres,
Liv. 23, 22:
viros ad bella,
Ov. M. 7, 669:
geminasque legit de classe biremes,
Verg. A. 8, 79: legit virum vir, each one singles out his man (of the combatants in a battle), id. ib. 11, 632:
senatum ad modum pristinum redegit duabus lectionibus: prima ipsorum arbitratu, quo vir virum legit,
Suet. Aug. 35; Tac. H. 1, 18: neque ejus legendam filiam (sc. virginem Vestalem) qui domicilium in Italia non haberet, At. Cap. ap. Gell. 1, 12, 8.—
* (β).
With inf.:
fidissima custos Lecta sacrum justae veneri occultare pudorem,
Stat. Th. 1, 530.
II.
Trop.
* A.
To catch up, i. e. overhear a conversation:
nunc huc concedam, ut horum sermonem legam,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 4, 21 (cf. sublegere, id. Mil. 4, 2. 98).—
B.
To catch with the eye, to view, observe, behold, survey, see.
* 1.
In gen.:
tumulum capit, unde omnes longo ordine posset Adversos legere,
Verg. A. 6, 755 Heyne ad loc.; and cf. Verg. A. 6, 34.—
2.
In partic., to read or peruse a writing:
ut eos libros per te ipse legeres,
Cic. Top. 1:
defensionem causae,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 112:
legi apud Clitomachum, A. Albium jocantem dixisse, etc.,
id. Ac. 2, 45, 137:
aliquid studiose intenteque,
Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 1:
significas legisse te in quadam epistula mea, jussisse Verginium, etc.,
id. ib. 9, 19, 1: philosophorum consultorumque opiniones, Quint. 12, 11, 17:
liber tuus et lectus est et legitur a me diligenter,
Cic. Fam. 6, 5, 1:
orationem,
Quint. 1, 1, 6:
aiunt multum legendum esse non multa,
Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 15.—With a pers. obj.:
antiquos et novos,
Quint. 2, 5, 23:
antiquos studiosius,
id. 3, 6, 62:
poëtas,
id. 1, 4, 4. —In pass.:
Horatius fere solus legi dignus,
Quint. 10, 1, 96:
si cum judicio legatur Cassius Severus,
id. 10, 1, 116:
dumque legar, mecum pariter tua fama legetur,
Ov. Tr. 5, 14, 5:
sepulcra legens,
when reading epitaphs, Cic. de Sen. 7, 21:
legentium plerisque,
Liv. 1 praef. §
4: opus nescio an minimae legentibus futurum voluptati,
to my readers, Quint. 3, 1, 2; cf. id. 9, 4, 2; 2, 5, 3:
nec Cynicos nec Stoica dogmata,
Juv. 13, 121.— Absol.:
legendi usus,
Lact. 3, 25, 9:
memoriam continuus legendi usus instruit,
Macr. S. 1, 5, 1.—
b.
In partic.
(α).
To read out, read aloud, recite (esp. freq. in post-Aug. authors):
convocatis auditoribus volumen legere, etc.,
Cic. Brut. 51, 191: codicem pro contione, id. Fragm. ap. Quint. 4, 4, 8:
audio me male legere, dumtaxat versus, orationes enim commodius,
Plin. Ep. 9, 34:
obturem impune legentibus aures,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 105:
quem vero arripuit tenet occiditque legendo,
with recitation, id. A. P. 475:
quis dabit historico quantum daret acta legenti,
to read him the news, Juv. 7, 104.—
(β).
To find in an author or a writing:
ut scriptum legimus,
Cic. Deiot. 7, 19:
legi etiam scriptum, esse avem quandam, etc.,
id. N. D. 2. 49 init.:
ego vero haec scripta legi,
id. Planc. 39, 94:
praeterea scriptum legimus, Gallos in venatibus tinguere sagittas,
Gell. 17, 15, 7. relatum legere, Nep. praef. 1.— Pass.:
in aliis codicibus non peccato sed peccatis legitur,
Aug. Cont. Jul. Rel. 1, 22; id. Don. Persev. 6 init. al.—
C.
A publicist's t. t.: legere senatum, to read over or call off the names of senators (which was done by the censors;
v. lectio, II. A. 2.): censores fideli concordia senatum legerunt,
Liv. 40, 51; 9, 29; 9, 30; 9, 46; 43, 15 al.—Hence, lĕgens, entis, Part. as subst. m., a reader ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose for lector), Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 25.— Plur., Liv. praef. 4; Quint. 3, 1, 2; Plin. 8, 16, 17, § 44; Tac. A. 4, 33.—Also, lectus, a, um, P. a., chosen, picked out, selected; choice, excellent (class.): argenti lectae numeratae minae, good, i. e. of full weight, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 50; so,
argentum,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 3:
ut neque vir melior neque lectior femina in terris sit,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:
lectissimi viri atque ornatissimi,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 6, § 15; cf. id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 29:
uxor lectissima,
id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:
(verbis) lectis atque illustribus uti,
id. de Or. 3, 37, 150:
nihil est aliud... pulcre et oratorie dicere nisi optimis sententiis verbisque lectissimis dicere,
id. Or. 68, 227:
juvenum lectissime,
Stat. S. 5, 1, 247; cf.:
viginti lectis equitum comitatus,
Verg. A. 9, 48.—Hence, adv.: lectē, choicely, selectly (very rare):
ab lego lecte ac lectissime,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 36 Müll.— Comp.:
lectius,
Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2 (al. lecta).

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > lego

20 relego

1.
rĕ-lēgo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.
I.
To send away or out of the way, to despatch, remove (class.; in class. prose usually with an odious accessory meaning; syn. amando).
A.
Lit.
1.
In gen.:
(L. Manlium tribunus plebis) criminabatur, quod Titum filium ab hominibus relegasset et ruri habitare jussisset,
Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112; Sen. Ben. 3, 37; Val. Max. 6, 9, 1; cf.:
filium in praedia rustica,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 42:
rejecti et relegati longe ab ceteris,
Caes. B. G. 5, 30 fin.:
procul Europā in ultima orientis relegati senes,
Curt. 5, 5, 14:
relegatos in ultimum paene rerum humanarum terminum,
id. 9, 2, 9:
cives tam procul ab domo,
Liv. 9, 26:
aliquem a republicā sub honorificentissimo ministerii titulo,
Vell. 2, 45, 4:
exercitum in aliā insulā,
Tac. Agr. 15:
me vel extremos Numidarum in agros Classe releget,
Hor. C. 3, 11, 48:
tauros procul atque in sola relegant Pascua,
Verg. G. 3, 212.— Poet., with dat.:
terris gens relegata ultimis, Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 8, 20: Trivia Hippolytum... nymphae Egeriae nemorique relegat,
consigns him to Egeria, Verg. A. 7, 775. —
b.
Transf., of a locality, to place at a distance, remove:
Taprobane extra orbem a naturā relegata,
Plin. 6, 22, 24, § 84; cf. Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 250. —
2.
In partic., a publicists' t. t., to send into exile, to banish, relegate; said of banishment by which a person was sent only a certain distance from Rome, and usually for a limited time, without suffering a capitis deminutio (cf. deportatio and exilium):
relegatus, non exsul, dicor in illo,
Ov. Tr. 2, 137; 5, 11, 21; 5, 2, 61; id. P. 4, 13, 40: (consul) L. Lamiam... in concione relegavit, edixitque, ut ab urbe abesset millia passuum ducenta, Cic. Sest. 12, 29:
Marcus Piso in decem annos relegatur,
Tac. A. 3, 17 fin.; Suet. Tib. 50; id. Aug. 24:
ipse quosdam novo exemplo relegavit, ut ultra lapidem tertium vetaret egredi ab Urbe,
id. Claud. 23 fin.:
nemo eorum relegatus in exilium est,
Liv. 25, 6; cf.:
milites relegatos prope in exilium,
id. 26, 2 fin.:
ultra Karthaginem,
id. 40, 41:
aliquem Circeios in perpetuum,
Suet. Aug. 16 fin.:
in decem annos,
Tac. A. 3, 17:
in insulam,
id. 3, 86. —
B.
Trop., to send away, put aside, reject:
apud quem ille sedens Samnitium dona relegaverat,
had sent back, rejected, Cic. Rep. 3, 28, 32 Moser (for which:
repudiati Samnites,
Cic. Sen. 16, 55):
ambitione relegatā,
put aside, apart, Hor. S. 1, 10, 84:
bella,
Luc. 6, 324 (dimoveam, removeam, Schol.):
inimicas vitiis artes non odio magis quam reverentia,
Plin. Pan. 47, 1:
verba alicujus,
Ov. P. 2, 2, 7. —
2.
In partic., with a specification of the term. ad quem, to refer, attribute, ascribe, impute (post-Aug.):
nec tamen ego in plerisque eorum obstringam fidem meam potiusque ad auctores relegabo,
Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 8:
totamque ad solos audito res relegāsse,
Quint. 3, 7, 1:
orationem rectae honestaeque vitae ad philosophos,
id. 1, prooem. §
10: mala ad crimen fortunae,
id. 6, prooem. § 13; cf.:
culpam in hominem,
id. 7, 4, 13:
invidiam in aliquem,
Vell. 2, 44, 2; 2, 64, 2 Ruhnk.— Poet., with dat.:
causas alicui,
to ascribe, Tib. 4, 6, 5.—
3.
To refer to a book or an author:
ad auctores,
Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 8 (cf. Nep. Cat. 3, 5, delegare).—
II.
In jurid. Lat., to bequeath, devise, as an inheritance:
dotem,
Dig. 33, 4, 1 sq.; 23, 5, 8:
usum fructum,
ib. 23, 2, 23.
2.
rĕ-lĕgo, lēgi, lectum, 3, v. a.
I.
To gather together or collect again (almost exclusively poet.): janua difficilis filo est inventa relecto, i. e. by the thread (of Ariadne) wound up again, Ov. M. 8, 173:
(abies) docilis relegi, docilisque relinqui,
i. e. to be drawn back, Val. Fl. 6, 237:
menses decem a coactore releget (pecuniam),
Cato, R. R. 150, 2. —
2.
In partic., of localities, to travel over or through again, to traverse or sail over again:
litora,
Verg. A. 3, 690:
Hellespontiacas illa (navis) relegit aquas,
Ov. Tr. 1, 10, 24:
egressi relegunt campos,
Val. Fl. 8, 121:
vias,
id. ib. 4, 54:
iter,
Stat. Achill. 1, 23; cf. id. S. 5, 3, 29:
spatia retro,
Sen. Agam. 572:
ter caelum (luna),
Stat. S. 5, 3, 29:
vestigia cursu,
Claud. B. G. 529:
cursum,
Prud. Apoth. 1004. —
In prose: relegit Asiam,
again coasts along, Tac. A. 2, 54:
rex cum suis dumeta relegens,
Amm. 30, 1, 15:
relegens margines lacus Brigantiae,
id. 15, 4, 1.—
II.
To go through or over again in reading, in speech, or in thought, to read or relate again, = retractare (rarely in prose):
Trojani belli scriptorem Praeneste relegi,
Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 2:
scripta,
Ov. R. Am. 717 sq.:
alicui librum,
to read aloud, Col. 4, 1, 1:
de nostris releges quemcunque libris,
Mart. 4, 29, 9. — Absol.:
deinde relegentes inveniunt, ubi posuerint (verba),
Quint. 11, 2, 23:
dum relegunt suos sermone labores,
Ov. M. 4, 569:
qui omnia, quae ad cultum deorum pertinerent, diligenter retractarent et tamquam relegerent, sunt dicti religiosi ex relegendo, ut elegantes ex eligendo, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 28, 72.—Acc to this last passage is to be explained: rĕlĭ-gens, entis, P. a., revering the gods, i. e. pious, religious: religentem esse oportet, religiosumst nefas, Poët. ap. Gell. 4, 9, 1.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > relego

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